Legal Representative for Future v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.

72 F.3d 21
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
DecidedDecember 27, 1995
DocketNos. 95-1771, 95-1790 and 95-1791
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 72 F.3d 21 (Legal Representative for Future v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Legal Representative for Future v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 72 F.3d 21 (4th Cir. 1995).

Opinion

[23]*23Appeal dismissed and case remanded by published opinion. Senior Judge PHILLIPS wrote the opinion, in which Judge NIEMEYER and Judge HAMILTON joined.

OPINION

PHILLIPS, Senior Circuit Judge:

A local district court rule provides that when application is made under 28 U.S.C. § 158(a) for leave to appeal a bankruptcy court’s interlocutory order, the district court may “request” a reasoned certification by the bankruptcy court that it considers the order one warranting immediate review. Here the district court embodied such a “request” in an order remanding the case to the bankruptcy court with instructions to make such a certification. Certain of the parties noticed an appeal from that remand order and the question for us is whether we have jurisdiction of that appeal. We hold that we do not, and dismiss the appeal.

I.

In 1984, Wallace & Gale Company (Debt- or) petitioned the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Maryland for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In April 1994, the Debtor, several asbestos claimants (Claimants), the legal representative, for future claimants (Representative), and the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore filed a joint plan of reorganization and a disclosure statement with the bankruptcy court. Appellants Aetna and St. Paul (Insurers), two of the Debtor’s insurers, objected to the disclosure statement.. After a hearing, the bankruptcy court sustained the Insurers’ objections and entered its order denying approval of the disclosure statement.

The Claimants and the Representative appealed to the district court, challenging the bankruptcy court’s rejection of the disclosure statement. The Claimants filed a motion for leave to appeal and a notice of appeal, -as Bankruptcy Rule 8001(b) requires when • a party seeks to appeal an interlocutory order.1 The appeal notice contained a heading identifying the case, and the body of the notice identified the appellants as “Asbestos Claimants Represented by the Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos.” (JA 11) The notice also included the name, address, and phone number of the Claimants’ attorney. Several days later, the Representative filed a separate notice of appeal that was identical to the Claimants’ except for the name of the appealing party and the attorney. The district court consolidated these two appeals.

In October of 1994, the district court held a hearing on a motion by the Insurers to dismiss the appeals. The Insurers argued that the Claimants’ notice of appeal was defective because it failed to list any claimants individually and that their appeal should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. In February of 1995, the district court issued two substantially identical orders, one for each of the consolidated appeals. In these orders, the district judge decided “without either affirming or overruling the [bankruptcy court’s order] ... to remand the case to the bankruptcy court for further proceedings as specified in this Order.” (JA 126) Specifically, the district court remanded the matter, pursuant to its Local Rule 403.5,2 with in[24]*24structions that the bankruptcy court hold hearings to determine whether certain legal issues underlying its interlocutory order warranted certification for immediate review by the district court.3 In its remand order, the district court expressly deferred ruling on whether the allegedly defective appeal notices deprived it of appellate jurisdiction.

The Insurers noticed appeals from the district court’s order.

II.

The Claimants and Representative contend that because the district court’s order was neither final nor an appealable interlocutory order, we lack jurisdiction over this appeal. We agree.

Courts of appeals have jurisdiction over appeals from three types of district court orders entered on appeals from bankruptcy courts. First, under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d) (1995), we have jurisdiction over appeals from all “final decisions, judgments, orders, and decrees” of the district court. Second, we have jurisdiction over appeals from certain interlocutory “collateral” orders. In re Looney, 823 F.2d 788 (4th Cir.1987); see Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 69 S.Ct. 1221, 93 L.Ed. 1528 (1949). Finally, 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) gives us discretionary jurisdiction over appropriately certified interlocutory orders. See Connecticut Nat’l Bank v. Germain, 503 U.S. 249, 112 S.Ct. 1146, 117 L.Ed.2d 391 (1992) (§ 1292(b) applicable to bankruptcy appeals). Because the district court has not certified this appeal under § 1292(b), we have jurisdiction only if the district court's order was final or, though interlocutory, appealable as a collateral order. We conclude that it was neither.

A.

First, the district court’s order was not final. District court orders remanding cases to the bankruptcy court for further consideration are not, ordinarily, final orders. See Capitol Credit Plan of Tennessee, Inc. v. Shaffer, 912 F.2d 749, 750 (4th Cir.1990). This one is patently non-final. It remands only for the taking of procedural steps to aid the district court in its discretionary decision whether to review the interlocutory order immediately or to defer review. It expressly defers consideration of the merits and even of any issues respecting the technical validity of the appeal notices that might deprive it even of discretionary review powers at this stage. The order therefore is not appealable to this court under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d).

B.

The district court’s order also is not an appealable interlocutory order under the collateral order doctrine. To be reviewable under that doctrine, “an order ‘must conclusively determine the disputed question, resolve an important issue completely separate from the merits of the action and be effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.’ ” In re Looney, 823 F.2d at 791 (quoting Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay, 437 U.S. 463, 468, 98 S.Ct. 2454, 2457-58, 57 L.Ed.2d 351 (1978)).

The Insurers argue that the district court’s deferral of the question of its own jurisdiction amounts to such a collateral order. More specifically, they argue that because the Claimants’ and Representative’s notices of appeal were defective,4 the district court [25]*25lacked jurisdiction even to enter the remand-for-certification order. And, they further contend that the district court’s failure to rule on the jurisdictional issues raised by their motion to dismiss the appeal conclusively determined the question of its jurisdiction.

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72 F.3d 21, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/legal-representative-for-future-v-aetna-casualty-surety-co-ca4-1995.