Mr. Justice Farmer
delivered the opinion of the court:
Harry C. Leemon filed a petition in the probate court of Cook county for the probate of an instrument alleged to be a copy of the last will of Margaret Howard, who died March 12, 1922. Deceased was a widow, and the petition alleged she left real estate of the value of $35,000 and $2000 personal property. A sister, Mrs. Tillie Leighton, survived her as her only heir-at-law. The petition alleged Mrs. Howard duly made and declared her last will and testament December 2, 1921, and December 10 duly made and declared a codicil to said will; that the will and codicil were in existence, unrevoked, at the time of the death of Mrs. Howard, or if not in existence at that time had been destroyed without her knowledge or consent. An alleged copy of the will is attached to the petition and made a part thereof, and the petition prays that the will be admitted to probate as a last will. The probate court of Cook county denied probate of the will, and Leemon appealed from the judgment to the circuit court. The cause was heard in that court and a judgment and order entered denying admission of the will to probate. From the judgment of the circuit court Leemon has prosecuted an appeal to this court.
The evidence shows Mrs. Howard was a widow and was about sixty years old at the time of her death, March 12, 1922. She lived in a building in Chicago which she owned. Her nearest relative and only heir-at-law was a sister, Til-lie Leighton, who with her husband and child lived a few blocks from Mrs. Howard. Previous to her death Mrs. Howard had been seriously ill for some months. Probably realizing she had not much longer to live, she had her physician, Dr. Hiskey, on December 2, 1921, begin the draft of a will for her. The paper the doctor wrote was signed by Mrs. Howard, the doctor and Esther Larson. The instrument was not a legal will and was never completed. Subsequently Leemon was sent for and prepared a will, which was duly executed and witnessed and was dated Decernber 2, 1921. On or about December 10 she executed a codicil revoking paragraph 4 of the will, which gave Sarah Prevost $2000, to be held in trust by the executor and paid out during the next five years after the death of testatrix for the education of Sarah Prevost. In February, 1922, Frank A. Leighton, husband of Mrs. Howard’s sister, Tilly, prepared another will for her making a different disposition of her property, or some of it, from that made by the will prepared by the appellant, which is called the Leemon will. That instrument was dated February 13, was signed by Mrs. Howard and only one witness, Mabel Clark, and when the paper was found after Mrs. Howard’s death her signature and that of the witness had been cut off. It is undisputed that Mrs. Howard made only one valid will, and that was the Leemon will.
In the partial draft of a will by Dr. Hiskey one or two of the provisions are similar to those of the Leemon will. The Leemon will disposed of the entire estate of testatrix, and among other provisions gave her sister, Mrs. Leighton, $500, and named appellant as executor and trustee. The so-called Leighton will by the second clause devised and bequeathed to the testatrix’s sister-, leaving the completion of the sentence blank. Leighton was named executor and trustee, and the residue of the estate at the trustee’s death was to go to the Hospital for Incurables in Chicago. But that instrument never was a valid will.
Appellant’s material contention is that the Leemon will was never destroyed by the testatrix, or if she did destroy it she did not do so with the intention to revoke it. Appellant argues that the evidence warrants the conclusion that Frank A. Leighton, whose wife was Mrs. Howard’s only heir, destroyed the will; and if that position is.not sustained, it is argued the destruction of the will was connected with the making of another will, warranting the inference that she meant the revocation to depend upon the sufficiency of the new will, and intended if the new will failed the original will should remain in force. The Leemon will, after its execution, was kept in possession of the testatrix, and the presumption of law is, when possession of the will is retained by the testator and after his death it cannot be found, that he destroyed it with intent to revoke the will. That presumption is subject to be rebutted by proof showing the contrary. That rule of law is not disputed, and upon that branch of the case the disputed question is whether the testimony, to support appellant’s contention that Leighton secured the will immediately after Mrs. Howard’s death and destroyed it, is sufficient to overcome the presumption.
We shall not attempt to set out the evidence. That for appellant tended to show Leighton had an opportunity to procure and destroy the will immediately after Mrs. Howard’s death; that Mrs. Howard a number of times shortly before her death spoke of the will appellant had written as if it was still in existence; and further, that it was to the interest of Leighton’s wife that her sister die intestate. On the other hand, Leighton, who was called as a witness by appellant, testified he did not destroy the will, that he never saw it after Mrs. Howard’s death, that he saw it when he at Mrs. Howard’s request attempted to prepare a will for her, but left it in her custody and has never seen it since.
Flora Benson testified she was a frequent visitor to Mrs. Howard from December, 1921, until her death; that Mrs. Howard told witness about March 1 that appellant had drawn a will for her but it was very unsatisfactory and that she had put it in the stove and destroyed it.
Pauline Morse testified she worked at intervals for Mrs. Howard two years before her death; that late in February, 1922, Mrs. Howard talked to her on two occasions about having made a will called the Leemon will, and said she had destroyed it and intended making another will.
Appellant objected to proof of statements made by testatrix that she had destroyed her will and insists that testimony was incompetent. Upon that proposition this court said in Holler v. Holler, 298 Ill. 418: “The declarations of a testator after the execution of his will are admissible, in the event of its loss, to show that it had not been canceled. (In the matter of Page, 118 Ill. 576.) Under the same circumstances they are admissible to show that the loss or destruction was in accordance with the testator’s purpose.” The declarations of a testator, after execution of his will, at variance with its provisions are not competent to invalidate or modify the will in a suit to contest its validity. (Waters v. Waters, 222 Ill. 26; Martin v. Beatty, 254 id. 615.) The reason for the rule under those circumstances does not apply to proof of statements of the testator, in whose possession the will was retained, and where the will cannot be found after his death, that he had destroyed it. Such proof supports the presumption of the law that the will was destroyed by the testator.
There is no proof in this record of the existence of the will after Mrs. Howard’s death. There was testimony of a possible opportunity Leighton had to get the will after her death, but the testimony was insufficient to sustain the charge, standing alone, and much less so in view of the other testimony we have above referred to. It is true Leighton’s wife was benefited by her sister dying intestate. Mrs. Howard made one will and made some attempt to make two others.
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Mr. Justice Farmer
delivered the opinion of the court:
Harry C. Leemon filed a petition in the probate court of Cook county for the probate of an instrument alleged to be a copy of the last will of Margaret Howard, who died March 12, 1922. Deceased was a widow, and the petition alleged she left real estate of the value of $35,000 and $2000 personal property. A sister, Mrs. Tillie Leighton, survived her as her only heir-at-law. The petition alleged Mrs. Howard duly made and declared her last will and testament December 2, 1921, and December 10 duly made and declared a codicil to said will; that the will and codicil were in existence, unrevoked, at the time of the death of Mrs. Howard, or if not in existence at that time had been destroyed without her knowledge or consent. An alleged copy of the will is attached to the petition and made a part thereof, and the petition prays that the will be admitted to probate as a last will. The probate court of Cook county denied probate of the will, and Leemon appealed from the judgment to the circuit court. The cause was heard in that court and a judgment and order entered denying admission of the will to probate. From the judgment of the circuit court Leemon has prosecuted an appeal to this court.
The evidence shows Mrs. Howard was a widow and was about sixty years old at the time of her death, March 12, 1922. She lived in a building in Chicago which she owned. Her nearest relative and only heir-at-law was a sister, Til-lie Leighton, who with her husband and child lived a few blocks from Mrs. Howard. Previous to her death Mrs. Howard had been seriously ill for some months. Probably realizing she had not much longer to live, she had her physician, Dr. Hiskey, on December 2, 1921, begin the draft of a will for her. The paper the doctor wrote was signed by Mrs. Howard, the doctor and Esther Larson. The instrument was not a legal will and was never completed. Subsequently Leemon was sent for and prepared a will, which was duly executed and witnessed and was dated Decernber 2, 1921. On or about December 10 she executed a codicil revoking paragraph 4 of the will, which gave Sarah Prevost $2000, to be held in trust by the executor and paid out during the next five years after the death of testatrix for the education of Sarah Prevost. In February, 1922, Frank A. Leighton, husband of Mrs. Howard’s sister, Tilly, prepared another will for her making a different disposition of her property, or some of it, from that made by the will prepared by the appellant, which is called the Leemon will. That instrument was dated February 13, was signed by Mrs. Howard and only one witness, Mabel Clark, and when the paper was found after Mrs. Howard’s death her signature and that of the witness had been cut off. It is undisputed that Mrs. Howard made only one valid will, and that was the Leemon will.
In the partial draft of a will by Dr. Hiskey one or two of the provisions are similar to those of the Leemon will. The Leemon will disposed of the entire estate of testatrix, and among other provisions gave her sister, Mrs. Leighton, $500, and named appellant as executor and trustee. The so-called Leighton will by the second clause devised and bequeathed to the testatrix’s sister-, leaving the completion of the sentence blank. Leighton was named executor and trustee, and the residue of the estate at the trustee’s death was to go to the Hospital for Incurables in Chicago. But that instrument never was a valid will.
Appellant’s material contention is that the Leemon will was never destroyed by the testatrix, or if she did destroy it she did not do so with the intention to revoke it. Appellant argues that the evidence warrants the conclusion that Frank A. Leighton, whose wife was Mrs. Howard’s only heir, destroyed the will; and if that position is.not sustained, it is argued the destruction of the will was connected with the making of another will, warranting the inference that she meant the revocation to depend upon the sufficiency of the new will, and intended if the new will failed the original will should remain in force. The Leemon will, after its execution, was kept in possession of the testatrix, and the presumption of law is, when possession of the will is retained by the testator and after his death it cannot be found, that he destroyed it with intent to revoke the will. That presumption is subject to be rebutted by proof showing the contrary. That rule of law is not disputed, and upon that branch of the case the disputed question is whether the testimony, to support appellant’s contention that Leighton secured the will immediately after Mrs. Howard’s death and destroyed it, is sufficient to overcome the presumption.
We shall not attempt to set out the evidence. That for appellant tended to show Leighton had an opportunity to procure and destroy the will immediately after Mrs. Howard’s death; that Mrs. Howard a number of times shortly before her death spoke of the will appellant had written as if it was still in existence; and further, that it was to the interest of Leighton’s wife that her sister die intestate. On the other hand, Leighton, who was called as a witness by appellant, testified he did not destroy the will, that he never saw it after Mrs. Howard’s death, that he saw it when he at Mrs. Howard’s request attempted to prepare a will for her, but left it in her custody and has never seen it since.
Flora Benson testified she was a frequent visitor to Mrs. Howard from December, 1921, until her death; that Mrs. Howard told witness about March 1 that appellant had drawn a will for her but it was very unsatisfactory and that she had put it in the stove and destroyed it.
Pauline Morse testified she worked at intervals for Mrs. Howard two years before her death; that late in February, 1922, Mrs. Howard talked to her on two occasions about having made a will called the Leemon will, and said she had destroyed it and intended making another will.
Appellant objected to proof of statements made by testatrix that she had destroyed her will and insists that testimony was incompetent. Upon that proposition this court said in Holler v. Holler, 298 Ill. 418: “The declarations of a testator after the execution of his will are admissible, in the event of its loss, to show that it had not been canceled. (In the matter of Page, 118 Ill. 576.) Under the same circumstances they are admissible to show that the loss or destruction was in accordance with the testator’s purpose.” The declarations of a testator, after execution of his will, at variance with its provisions are not competent to invalidate or modify the will in a suit to contest its validity. (Waters v. Waters, 222 Ill. 26; Martin v. Beatty, 254 id. 615.) The reason for the rule under those circumstances does not apply to proof of statements of the testator, in whose possession the will was retained, and where the will cannot be found after his death, that he had destroyed it. Such proof supports the presumption of the law that the will was destroyed by the testator.
There is no proof in this record of the existence of the will after Mrs. Howard’s death. There was testimony of a possible opportunity Leighton had to get the will after her death, but the testimony was insufficient to sustain the charge, standing alone, and much less so in view of the other testimony we have above referred to. It is true Leighton’s wife was benefited by her sister dying intestate. Mrs. Howard made one will and made some attempt to make two others. She was sixty years old and realized she could not recover her health. No two of the attempted wills were alike, and the proof is abundant that she expressed great dissatisfaction with the Leemon will, and two witnesses testified she said, in connection with her expression of dissatisfaction with that will, which was the only valid will she executed, that she had destroyed it. That the will was destroyed we must accept as a fact, for it has never been found or produced, and under the authority of Holler v. Holler, supra, St. Mary’s Home v. Dodge, 257 Ill. 518, Griffith v. Higinbotom, 262 id. 126, and cases cited in the opinions, we are bound to hold, under the state of this record, the will was destroyed by Mrs. Howard in her lifetime for the purpose of revoking it.
Appellant contends that if it be conceded Mrs. Howard destroyed the so-called Leemon will, the inference is warranted that she meant the revocation of that will to depend upon the efficiency of the so-called Leighton will to make a different disposition of her property, and as the execution of the Leighton will was never completed the revocation of the Leemon will failed. Counsel cite many authorities, mostly English cases, in support of the rule of dependent relative revocation, and admit that rule has never been applied in this State in case of an entire will, but cite Wolf v. Bollinger, 62 Ill. 368, Hesterberg v. Clark, 166 id. 241, and Schmidt v. Bauermeister, 279 id. 504, as applying the rule in cases of an attempted' revocation of a part of a will, such as erasing the name of one devisee and substituting the name of another. If the rule contended for were recognized in this State it could not be applied under the proof in this case. There is no evidence to support an inference that the revocation of the will depended upon the efficiency of a new one. The testatrix was dissatisfied with the disposition made of her estate by the Leemon will and destroyed it. She said she would make another will and requested Leemon to write one for her. She also requested her brother-in-law, Leighton, to prepare one for her and he made an attempt to do so, but there was no indication that she meant the revocation to be ineffective if the new will did not make a valid disposition of her estate.
The judgment of the circuit court was in accordance with the law and evidence, and it is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.