Larry R. Beedy, Jr. v. State of Indiana

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: August 22, 2016
• Docket: 48A02-1510-CR-1703
• Status: Published

Opinion

FILED Aug 22 2016, 8:18 am

CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Paul J. Podlejski Gregory F. Zoeller Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

Larry D. Allen Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Larry R. Beedy, Jr., August 22, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 48A02-1510-CR-1703 v. Appeal from the Madison Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable David Happe, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 48C04-1501-FC-141

Altice, Judge.

Case Summary

[1] Following a jury trial, Larry R. Beedy, Jr. was convicted of sexual misconduct

with a minor, a Level 5 felony, and subsequently sentenced to six years, with

three years executed in the Department of Correction, one year in community

corrections, and two years suspended to probation. Beedy presents two issues Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 1 of 12 for our review, one of which we find dispositive: Was Beedy erroneously

precluded from asserting the affirmative defense set forth in Ind. Code § 35-42-

4-9(e)1?

[2] We reverse.

Facts & Procedural History

[3] In 2013, Beedy, then seventeen years old, and A.W., then thirteen years old,

were in a dating relationship and engaged in sexual activity. As a result of their

conduct, on December 6, 2013, Beedy was adjudicated a delinquent for

committing acts against A.W. of child molesting and child exploitation,

criminal offenses if committed by an adult.2 Sometime between August 1 and

November 6, 2014, Beedy and A.W. had sexual intercourse and conceived a

child.3 During that timeframe, A.W. turned fifteen years old and Beedy was

eighteen years old.4

1 Provisions such as this are commonly referred to as Romeo and Juliet laws. See, e.g., Danielle Flynn, All the Kids Are Doing It: The Unconstitutionality of Enforcing Statutory Rape Laws Against Children and Teenagers 47 New. Eng. L. Rev. 681, 687-90 (2013) (discussing age gap provisions and the so-called Romeo and Juliet laws). 2 Beedy’s child molesting adjudication resulted from his admission that he engaged in sexual intercourse with A.W. when A.W. was only thirteen years old. See I.C. § 35-42-4-3 (“[a] person who, with a child under fourteen (14) years of age, performs or submits to sexual intercourse or deviate sexual conduct commits child molesting, a Class B felony”). Beedy’s admission that he recorded sex acts between him and A.W. served as the basis for his child exploitation adjudication. See I.C. § 35-42-4-4 (defining child exploitation). 3 This is the second child conceived between Beedy and A.W. The first child was born in February 2014. 4 Beedy is exactly three years, nine months, and twelve days older than A.W.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 2 of 12 [4] On January 30, 2015, the State charged Beedy with one count of sexual

misconduct with a minor as a Level 5 felony.5 Prior to trial, Beedy filed a

motion to dismiss the charge based in part on the defense found in I.C. § 35-42-

4-9(e). The State in turn filed a motion in limine seeking to preclude Beedy

from raising the defense by alleging that he was disqualified due to his prior

juvenile adjudications for sex offenses. The trial court held a hearing on the

competing motions on June 15, 2015. After the parties presented their

respective arguments, the trial court granted the State’s motion in limine and

denied Beedy’s motion to dismiss.

[5] The parties appeared for a subsequent hearing on July 13, 2015. On that same

day, Beedy filed a memorandum in support of his motion to dismiss as well as a

motion to certify the court’s ruling pertaining to the “Romeo and Juliet”

defense for interlocutory appeal. After additional evidence and argument

regarding the applicability of the defense, the trial court again denied Beedy’s

request for dismissal and also denied his motion to certify the matter for

interlocutory appeal.

[6] A jury trial was held on September 2, 2015. Prior to the start of trial, Beedy

renewed his motion to dismiss on the same grounds previously argued, and that

motion was again denied. After the State rested, Beedy made an offer to prove

5 I.C. § 35-42-4-9(a) (“A person at least eighteen (18) years of age who, with a child at least fourteen (14) years of age but less than sixteen (16) years of age, performs or submits to sexual intercourse or other sexual conduct . . . commits sexual misconduct with a minor, a Level 5 felony”).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 3 of 12 regarding the defense and moved for a directed verdict on the basis that the

defense applied, which the trial court denied. Beedy also submitted proposed

instructions setting forth the defense, and the trial court, in keeping with its

prior rulings, refused to give the instructions. The jury ultimately found Beedy

guilty of sexual misconduct with a minor, a Level 5 felony. 6 Beedy now

appeals.

Discussion & Decision

[7] As a matter of first impression, we must decide whether Beedy, who has a prior

adjudication for a sex offense against the same victim, can assert the defense set

forth in I.C. § 35-42-4-9(e). Subsection (e) provides:

It is a defense to a prosecution [for sexual misconduct with a minor] if all the following apply:

(1) The person is not more than four (4) years older than the victim.

(2) The relationship between the person and the victim was a dating relationship or an ongoing personal

6 After deliberating for a period of time, the jury was deadlocked and sent a note to the trial court with questions concerning whether Beedy had been misled that he could continue his sexual relationship with A.W. Over Beedy’s objection, the trial court gave the jury an additional instruction that ignorance of the law is no excuse for criminal behavior. The jury returned to its deliberations and fifteen minutes later came back with a guilty verdict. On appeal, Beedy argues that the additional instruction amounted to an Allen charge, which refers to a supplemental instruction suggesting to a deadlocked jury that it should reach a certain verdict. See Allen v. U.S., 164 U.S. 492 (1896); Fuentes v. State, 10 N.E.3d 68, 74 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied. We need not address this issue given our conclusion that Beedy was entitled to assert the affirmative defense found in I.C. § 35-42-4-9(e).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 4 of 12 relationship. The term “ongoing personal relationship” does not include a family relationship.

(3) The crime:

(A) was not committed by a person who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age;

(B) was not committed by using or threatening the use of deadly force;

(C) was not committed while armed with a deadly weapon;

(D) did not result in serious bodily injury;

(E) was not facilitated by furnishing the victim, without the victim’s knowledge, with a drug (as defined in IC 16-42-19-2(1)) or a controlled substance (as defined in IC 35-48-1-9) or knowing that the victim was furnished with the drug or controlled substance without the victim’s knowledge; and

(F) was not committed by a person having a position of authority or substantial influence over the victim.

(4) The person has not committed another sex offense (as defined in IC 11-8-8-5.2) (including a delinquent act that would be a sex offense if committed by an adult) against any other person.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 5 of 12 (Emphasis supplied). Beedy asserts, and the State does not dispute, that each of

these requirements is met in this case.7 The sole dispute is how the language

“any other person” in subsection (e)(4) should be interpreted.8 With regard to

subsection (e)(4), Beedy admits that he had been adjudicated a delinquent for

sex offenses that involved A.W. as the victim.

[8] Beedy argues that the “any other person” language in subsection (4) should be

interpreted as referencing a person other than the victim of the pending sexual

misconduct with a minor charge. In other words, a previous sex offense

committed against the same victim is excluded for purposes of determining

applicability of the defense. As applied herein, Beedy maintains that his prior

adjudications for sex offenses would not preclude application of the defense

because A.W. was the victim of the prior offenses and is the same victim

identified for the current offense. In contrast, the State argues that “any other

person” should be interpreted to mean any person other than the defendant.

The State’s position is that it does not stand to reason that the legislature would

afford Beedy a defense for the same conduct that resulted in his juvenile

adjudications just because it involved the same victim.

7 A.W. resided with Beedy and his family after her mother abandoned her. Beedy was the only person with whom A.W. had ever had sexual intercourse. A.W. testified that she and Beedy were in an ongoing, romantic relationship and that they desired to be married. She further testified that Beedy never seduced, threatened, or coerced her in any way to engage in sexual intercourse with him, that Beedy never gave her illicit substances, and never forced himself upon her. A.W. maintained that their sexual encounters were always consensual. 8 There is no dispute about the language used in subsections (e)(1) through (e)(3).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 6 of 12 [9] The trial court agreed with the State’s interpretation:

I don’t think the defense is available because of the language contained in 35-42-4-9(e) 4. I’m happy to look at additional materials, counsel, of [sic] you’re able to discover some additional materials on it, but I think frankly we’re over thinking this a little bit. The “any other person” refers to any other person than the defendant in the court’s eyes.

Transcript at 21. Indeed, the trial court believed that it was “not a close call” as

to how the language should be interpreted. Id. at 22.

[10] Statutory interpretation presents a question of law that we review de novo.

Nicoson v. State, 938 N.E.2d 660, 663 (Ind. 2010). When faced with a question

of statutory interpretation, we first examine whether the language of the statute

is clear and unambiguous. City of Carmel v. Steele, 865 N.E.2d 612, 618 (Ind.

2007). If it is, we need not apply any rules of construction other than to require

that words and phrases be given their plain, ordinary, and usual meanings. Id.

Where a statute is open to more than one interpretation, it is deemed

ambiguous and subject to judicial construction. Taylor v. State, 7 N.E.3d 362,

365 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). Our primary goal in interpreting a statute is to

ascertain and give effect to the legislature’s intent and the best evidence of that

intent is the statute itself. Nicoson, 938 N.E.2d at 663. To that end, we read

provisions of the statute together so that no part is rendered meaningless if it

can be harmonized with the remainder of the statute. Taylor, 7 N.E.3d at 365.

We presume that the legislature intended for the statutory language to be

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 7 of 12 applied in a logical manner in harmony with the statute’s underlying policy and

goals. Brown v. State, 912 N.E.2d 881, 894 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied.

[11] Our reading of the statute leads us to conclude that the language “any other

person” is unambiguous.9 We, however, do not interpret this language as the

trial court did or as the State urges. The trial court’s interpretation that “any

other person” means any person other than the defendant renders the phrase

“any other person” absolutely meaningless. Indeed, it is illogical to interpret

the language in that manner because the defendant cannot commit a sex crime

against himself, thus there is no need for the additional language. To us, it is

clear that when read in context, the plain language of I.C. § 35-42-4-9(e)(4)

means that a prior sex offense against the same victim does not render the

defense inapplicable. Through the language employed, the legislature has

provided a defense for an individual who is in a dating or ongoing personal

relationship with the victim, who is not more than four years older than the

victim, who engages in consensual sexual conduct with the victim, and who

does not have prior convictions/adjudications against a victim other than the

victim in the instant case.

9 By suggesting the General Assembly could have used different language to unambiguously express an intent to exclude sex offenses against the current victim, the dissent essentially finds the statutory language to be ambiguous. Where there is an ambiguity, the rule of lenity “requires that penal statutes be construed strictly against the State and any ambiguities resolved in favor of the accused.” Meredith v. State, 906 N.E.2d 867, 872 (Ind. 2009). Thus, to the extent the dissent suggests the statutory language is ambiguous, the language must be construed in favor of Beedy.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 8 of 12 [12] Having determined that the statutory language is unambiguous, we need not

address the State’s various arguments construing the statute contrary to its plain

meaning. Further, to the extent the State’s arguments are based on policy

considerations, this is not the proper forum. We therefore conclude that Beedy

established his entitlement to the defense found in I.C. § 35-42-4-9(e), and

consequently, his conviction cannot stand. We reverse and remand this cause

with instructions to vacate Beedy’s sexual misconduct with a minor conviction.

[13] Judgment reversed and remanded with instructions.

Bailey, J., concurs.

Bradford, J., dissents with opinion.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 9 of 12 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Paul J. Podlejski Gregory F. Zoeller Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

Larry R. Beedy, Jr., August 22, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 48A02-1510-CR-1703 v. Appeal from the Madison Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable David Happe, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 48C04-1501-FC-141

Bradford, Judge, dissenting.

[1] I respectfully disagree with the majority’s conclusion that Beedy is entitled to

raise a “Romeo and Juliet” defense in this case because the victim in his

previous adjudications for child molesting and child exploitation happens to be

the same child he was charged with victimizing in this case. Consequently, I

respectfully dissent.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 10 of 12 [2] The sexual misconduct with a minor statute excludes anyone who has a prior

sex offense “against any other person” from raising the Romeo and Juliet

defense. Ind. Code § 35-42-4-9(e). The way the word “person” is used

elsewhere in the statute leads to the conclusion that the General Assembly

intended this to mean any person other than the perpetrator, not any person

other than the victim. Throughout Indiana Code section 35-42-4-9, the word

“person” is only ever used to describe the perpetrator, while the words “child”

or “victim” are variously used to describe the victim. Had the General

Assembly intended to exclude sex offenses against the current victim from the

sex offenses barring the Romeo and Juliet defense, it could have very easily—

and unambiguously—done so by using either “any other victim” or “any other

child.” It did not. Read together with the rest of section 35-42-4-9, the most

reasonable interpretation is that the phrase “against any other person” means

any person other than the perpetrator.

[3] It is also difficult to escape the conclusion that the General Assembly could not

have intended to give a sex offender a pass on a second offense simply because

he happened to choose the same victim. I believe that the General Assembly

created the Romeo and Juliet defense for situations where genuine love between

consenting partners may be found to excuse behavior that would otherwise be

criminal. Denying the Romeo and Juliet defense to a person, like Beedy,

having a prior adjudication for a sex offense is a recognition that those who

make a habit of having sex with underage girls are more likely to be predators

and less likely to motivated by true love. Beedy has been adjudicated to have

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 11 of 12 committed child molesting, which means he had sex with a victim who was

legally unable to consent. Beedy should have learned his lesson before, that

even true love would not be an excuse to, in essence, recommit the same

unlawful act. I can think of no reason why it should matter that it was the same

child he was charged with victimizing here. Because I would conclude that the

trial court did not err in denying Beedy the Romeo and Juliet defense and

therefore affirm Beedy’s conviction, I respectfully dissent.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 48A02-1510-CR-1703 | August 22, 2016 Page 12 of 12