LaFountain v. Vermont Employment Security Board

330 A.2d 468, 133 Vt. 42, 1974 Vt. LEXIS 282
CourtSupreme Court of Vermont
DecidedDecember 3, 1974
DocketNo. 60-73
StatusPublished
Cited by28 cases

This text of 330 A.2d 468 (LaFountain v. Vermont Employment Security Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Vermont primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
LaFountain v. Vermont Employment Security Board, 330 A.2d 468, 133 Vt. 42, 1974 Vt. LEXIS 282 (Vt. 1974).

Opinion

Keyser, J.

On July 7, 1972, the claimant found a picket line at his place of employment with Denning Construction Company (Denning) by whom he had been employed for almost a year. This was the result of a labor dispute between claimant’s union, Local 522, Laborer’s International Union of North America, and Denning. LaFountain refused to cross the picket line and, on August 11, 1972, he filed a claim for unemployment compensation. The Claims Examiner of the Department of Employment Security denied the claim, determining that claimant’s unemployment situation came within the labor dispute disqualification provision of the Unemployment Com[44]*44pensation Law, 21 V.S.A. § 1344(5). LaFountain filed an appeal with, the Appeals Referee who affirmed the decision of the Claims Examiner. He then appealed to the Vermont Employment Security Board (the Board) which also affirmed the denial of unemployment benefits.

The certified statement of questions of law for review, prepared by the Board pursuant to V.R.A.P. 13(d), requires us to determine whether the findings are supported by the evidence in this case and also whether the findings support the conclusion that 21 V.S.A. § 1344(5) mandates the denial of claimant’s unemployment award.

The labor dispute disqualification provision, 21 V.S.A. § 1344(5), with which we are here concerned, reads as follows:

An individual shall be disqualified for benefits ....

(5) For any week with respect to which the commissioner finds that his total or partial unemployment is due to a stoppage of work which exists because of a labor dispute at the . . . premises at which he is or was last employed, provided that this subdivision shall not apply if he is not participating in or financing or directly interested in the labor dispute which caused the stoppage of work. [Now § 1344(4) by 1973 Amendment.]

In In re Hatch, 130 Vt. 248, 290 A.2d 180 (1972), we considered the labor dispute disqualification statute for the first time. We there held at p. 254 that the words “last employed” meant “last permanently employed” and set down four requirements that must be met by a claimant seeking to disassociate himself from this disqualification. First, claimant has the burden of proving that he is not disqualified. Secondly, for purposes of meeting this burden, the taking of other employment while on strike, standing alone, is not sufficient. Thirdly, the new employment must not be stop-gap in nature, but must be permanent with no intention of returning to the struck employer. Finally, as a corollary to the third, there must be a bona fide severance of employment with the struck employer.

Claimant first contends that, in several critical respects, the evidence before the Board does not support the findings of fact. Findings of fact shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous. V.R.C.P. 52. Hence, findings must stand under the “clearly erroneous” test if there is legitimate evidence [45]*45fairly and reasonably tending to sustain them. Kissell v. Kissell, 131 Vt. 77, 300 A.2d 551 (1973).

Finding No. 1 that the claimant was last employed as a laborer by Denning is nothing less than a conclusion concerning the very issue before the Board under 21 V.S.A. § 1344(5), that is, whether or not Denning, where the stoppage of work occurred, was LaFountain’s last place of employment. Yet, the mere fact that a finding is a conclusion of law is harmless when it is sustained by other facts found which are sufficient in law to support the conclusion. Gramatan Nat. Bank & Trust Co. v. Pierce, 121 Vt. 406, 159 A.2d 781 (1960). If there is support for the Board’s conclusion of disqualification, we must find it from the other remaining findings.

The record provides substantial evidence to support Finding No. 2 which details the existence of the labor dispute and claimant’s refusal to cross the picket line. There likewise can be no dispute with Finding No. 4 which states that claimant never notified Denning that he intended to terminate his employment relationship with him. This is because there was no evidence presented before the Board of any oral or written communication of employment severance. Finding No. 5 that when Denning approached claimant in October with an offer of work, he replied, “I can’t go to work.”, is also supported by the evidence in the record.

Claimant specifically takes issue with the validity of Finding No. 3:

Since refusing to cross the picket line on the work site of the Denning Construction Company, claimant has worked on two occasions for Peru Associates for a period of one day each of the two occasions and he has worked three days for Hawthorne Company.

An examination of the record discloses that claimant worked for Peru Associates on three separate occasions after the strike date, twice for periods of one day each as was found, and once for a period of three and a half weeks continuously. He also worked for Hawthorne Company for three days, as was found by the Board, and Martin Fireproofing hired him for a period of a week and a half. Evidence of the longer stint of [46]*46work for Peru Associates and the Martin Fireproofing job, not recognized by the Board in their finding, came in unchallenged at the hearing before the Board. We can find no reason why the Board chose not to recognize these longer periods of employment in their finding. We conclude that Finding No. 8, though not clearly erroneous, was certainly incomplete.

Finding No. 7 states that “although claimant stated that he could not return to work for Denning, he admitted that if his union representative referred him to work there that he would go.” Although there is some support for the first part of this finding in the record it is important to note that the claimant when testifying on this point limited his decision to return to work for Denning to circumstances where he was unemployed and the welfare of his family was at stake. Finding No. 7 misleadingly did not delineate this limiting language. Moreover, we fail to see the relevance of whether or not he would hypothetically return to work at Denning. What must ultimately be determined under the disqualification statute is whether claimant has severed his employment with the struck employer, not whether when unemployed and his family hungry, claimant would return to Denning.

We are mindful that the Supreme Court must, if possible, construe the findings so as to support the judgment. Armstrong v. Hanover Ins. Co., 130 Vt. 182, 289 A.2d 669 (1972). In this light, the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, and the persuasive effect of their testimony is for the trier of fact. In re Hatch, supra, 130 Vt. at 258. Considering the findings as a whole, there is evidence to support the judgment.

In re Hatch, supra, established that other employment, by itself, does not sever the employment relationship with the struck employer and, further, that the claimant has the burden of proving that the new employment is not a stopgap measure while the strike is in progress.

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Bluebook (online)
330 A.2d 468, 133 Vt. 42, 1974 Vt. LEXIS 282, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lafountain-v-vermont-employment-security-board-vt-1974.