Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-11274 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:11-cv-04044-LMM
LABMD, INC.,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
TIVERSA, INC., a Pennsylvania Corporation,
Defendants - Appellees,
M. ERIC JOHNSON, et al.,
Defendants.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ________________________
(December 7, 2017) Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 2 of 8
Before JORDAN, ROSENBAUM, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
LabMD, Inc. appeals the district court’s orders denying LabMD’s motion for
post-judgment relief -- filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(d)(3) -- and denying in
part LabMD’s motion for post-judgment discovery. No reversible error has been
shown; we affirm.
I. Background
Tiversa, Inc. is a company that monitors global peer-to-peer network
searches and provides peer-to-peer intelligence and security services. In 2008,
Tiversa downloaded a 1,718-page document (the “1,718 File”) that had been
created and stored on a LabMD computer and that contained patient social security
numbers, insurance information, and treatment codes. Tiversa notified LabMD
that it had discovered the 1,718 File on a peer-to-peer file sharing network and then
attempted to solicit LabMD’s business.
2 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 3 of 8
In 2011, LabMD (a Georgia corporation) filed this lawsuit against Tiversa1
(a Pennsylvania corporation) in the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia.
LabMD asserted claims for violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18
U.S.C. § 1030, and of Georgia law. The case was removed to federal court. The
District Court for the Northern District of Georgia dismissed the case without
prejudice, concluding that -- based on Tiversa’s limited contacts with Georgia --
the court lacked personal jurisdiction over Tiversa under Georgia’s long-arm
statute, O.C.G.A. § 9-10-91. We affirmed the dismissal on appeal. LabMD, Inc.
v. Tiversa, Inc., 509 F. App’x 842 (11th Cir. 2013) (unpublished).
In 2016, LabMD filed a Rule 60(d)(3) motion for post-judgment relief,
contending that Tiversa committed fraud on the court. Briefly stated, LabMD
asserted that -- in support of Tiversa’s motion to dismiss LabMD’s complaint --
Tiversa and Tiversa’s lawyers made knowingly false statements about Tiversa’s
contacts with Georgia and about the circumstances surrounding the downloading
of the 1,718 File. LabMD also sought post-judgment discovery to obtain
additional evidence in support of its Rule 60(d)(3) motion.
In a thorough and detailed order, the district court denied LabMD’s Rule
60(d)(3) motion with a right to refile. The district court determined that “[t]o
prove fraud on the court, LabMD must show that Tiversa’s counsel knew that the
1 LabMD also named as defendants Trustees of Dartmouth College and M. Eric Johnson. In an earlier order, this Court dismissed those defendants as parties to this appeal. 3 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 4 of 8
[complained-of statements] were false.” (emphasis in original). Because LabMD
failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that an “officer of the court” was
involved in the alleged fraud, the court concluded that LabMD was entitled to no
Rule 60(d)(3) relief.
The district court did, however, grant in part LabMD’s motion for limited
discovery: the court permitted LabMD to serve ten interrogatories on Tiversa’s
counsel-of-record, John Hansberry. In doing so, the court noted LabMD’s
assertion that discovery was needed “to determine whether Mr. Hansberry had
actual knowledge of Tiversa’s contacts with Georgia.” Later, in response to a
dispute between the parties about discovery, the district court ordered Mr.
Hansberry to respond without objection to three of the ten original interrogatory
questions. The district court clarified again that discovery was to be limited to
determining “whether or not Mr. Hansberry had made representations concerning
Tiversa’s contacts with Georgia that were intentionally false, or, at the very least,
willfully blind to the truth or in reckless disregard of the truth.”
LabMD moved for reconsideration of the district court’s rulings. The
district court denied relief. 2
2 LabMD raises no challenge on appeal to the district court’s denial of LabMD’s motion for reconsideration. 4 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 5 of 8
II. Standard of Review
We review the denial of a Rule 60(d)(3) motion under an abuse-of-discretion
standard. Booker v. Dugger, 825 F.2d 281, 285 (11th Cir. 1987). And we review
for abuse of discretion decisions about discovery. Harrison v. Culliver, 746 F.3d
1288, 1297 (11th Cir. 2014). “[U]nder the abuse of discretion standard, we will
leave undisturbed a district court’s ruling unless we find that the district court has
made a clear error of judgment, or has applied the wrong legal standard.” Id.
III. Discussion
Under Rule 60(d)(3), a district court can “set aside a judgment for fraud on
the court.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(d)(3). “Generally speaking, only the most
egregious misconduct, such as bribery of a judge or members of a jury, or the
fabrication of evidence by a party in which the attorney is implicated, will
constitute a fraud on the court.” Rozier v. Ford Motor Co., 573 F.2d 1332, 1338
(5th Cir. 1978) (emphasis added) (quotation omitted). “Less egregious
misconduct, such as nondisclosure to the court of facts allegedly pertinent to the
matter before it, will not ordinarily rise to the level of fraud on the court.” Id.
5 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 6 of 8
(quotation omitted). The party seeking relief under Rule 60(d)(3) must establish
fraud “by clear and convincing evidence.” Booker, 825 F.2d at 283.
The district court has broad discretion in making rulings about discovery.
Iraola & CIA., S.A. v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 325 F.3d 1274, 1286 (11th Cir.
2003). When “it appears that further discovery would not be helpful in resolving
the issues, a request for further discovery is properly denied.” Avirgan v. Hull,
932 F.2d 1572, 1580-81 (11th Cir. 1991) (concluding the district court abused no
discretion in imposing restrictions on discovery when the court’s ruling permitted
discovery on the dispositive issue in the case); Aviation Specialties, Inc. v. United
Technologies Corp.,
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Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-11274 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:11-cv-04044-LMM
LABMD, INC.,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
TIVERSA, INC., a Pennsylvania Corporation,
Defendants - Appellees,
M. ERIC JOHNSON, et al.,
Defendants.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ________________________
(December 7, 2017) Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 2 of 8
Before JORDAN, ROSENBAUM, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
LabMD, Inc. appeals the district court’s orders denying LabMD’s motion for
post-judgment relief -- filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(d)(3) -- and denying in
part LabMD’s motion for post-judgment discovery. No reversible error has been
shown; we affirm.
I. Background
Tiversa, Inc. is a company that monitors global peer-to-peer network
searches and provides peer-to-peer intelligence and security services. In 2008,
Tiversa downloaded a 1,718-page document (the “1,718 File”) that had been
created and stored on a LabMD computer and that contained patient social security
numbers, insurance information, and treatment codes. Tiversa notified LabMD
that it had discovered the 1,718 File on a peer-to-peer file sharing network and then
attempted to solicit LabMD’s business.
2 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 3 of 8
In 2011, LabMD (a Georgia corporation) filed this lawsuit against Tiversa1
(a Pennsylvania corporation) in the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia.
LabMD asserted claims for violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18
U.S.C. § 1030, and of Georgia law. The case was removed to federal court. The
District Court for the Northern District of Georgia dismissed the case without
prejudice, concluding that -- based on Tiversa’s limited contacts with Georgia --
the court lacked personal jurisdiction over Tiversa under Georgia’s long-arm
statute, O.C.G.A. § 9-10-91. We affirmed the dismissal on appeal. LabMD, Inc.
v. Tiversa, Inc., 509 F. App’x 842 (11th Cir. 2013) (unpublished).
In 2016, LabMD filed a Rule 60(d)(3) motion for post-judgment relief,
contending that Tiversa committed fraud on the court. Briefly stated, LabMD
asserted that -- in support of Tiversa’s motion to dismiss LabMD’s complaint --
Tiversa and Tiversa’s lawyers made knowingly false statements about Tiversa’s
contacts with Georgia and about the circumstances surrounding the downloading
of the 1,718 File. LabMD also sought post-judgment discovery to obtain
additional evidence in support of its Rule 60(d)(3) motion.
In a thorough and detailed order, the district court denied LabMD’s Rule
60(d)(3) motion with a right to refile. The district court determined that “[t]o
prove fraud on the court, LabMD must show that Tiversa’s counsel knew that the
1 LabMD also named as defendants Trustees of Dartmouth College and M. Eric Johnson. In an earlier order, this Court dismissed those defendants as parties to this appeal. 3 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 4 of 8
[complained-of statements] were false.” (emphasis in original). Because LabMD
failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that an “officer of the court” was
involved in the alleged fraud, the court concluded that LabMD was entitled to no
Rule 60(d)(3) relief.
The district court did, however, grant in part LabMD’s motion for limited
discovery: the court permitted LabMD to serve ten interrogatories on Tiversa’s
counsel-of-record, John Hansberry. In doing so, the court noted LabMD’s
assertion that discovery was needed “to determine whether Mr. Hansberry had
actual knowledge of Tiversa’s contacts with Georgia.” Later, in response to a
dispute between the parties about discovery, the district court ordered Mr.
Hansberry to respond without objection to three of the ten original interrogatory
questions. The district court clarified again that discovery was to be limited to
determining “whether or not Mr. Hansberry had made representations concerning
Tiversa’s contacts with Georgia that were intentionally false, or, at the very least,
willfully blind to the truth or in reckless disregard of the truth.”
LabMD moved for reconsideration of the district court’s rulings. The
district court denied relief. 2
2 LabMD raises no challenge on appeal to the district court’s denial of LabMD’s motion for reconsideration. 4 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 5 of 8
II. Standard of Review
We review the denial of a Rule 60(d)(3) motion under an abuse-of-discretion
standard. Booker v. Dugger, 825 F.2d 281, 285 (11th Cir. 1987). And we review
for abuse of discretion decisions about discovery. Harrison v. Culliver, 746 F.3d
1288, 1297 (11th Cir. 2014). “[U]nder the abuse of discretion standard, we will
leave undisturbed a district court’s ruling unless we find that the district court has
made a clear error of judgment, or has applied the wrong legal standard.” Id.
III. Discussion
Under Rule 60(d)(3), a district court can “set aside a judgment for fraud on
the court.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(d)(3). “Generally speaking, only the most
egregious misconduct, such as bribery of a judge or members of a jury, or the
fabrication of evidence by a party in which the attorney is implicated, will
constitute a fraud on the court.” Rozier v. Ford Motor Co., 573 F.2d 1332, 1338
(5th Cir. 1978) (emphasis added) (quotation omitted). “Less egregious
misconduct, such as nondisclosure to the court of facts allegedly pertinent to the
matter before it, will not ordinarily rise to the level of fraud on the court.” Id.
5 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 6 of 8
(quotation omitted). The party seeking relief under Rule 60(d)(3) must establish
fraud “by clear and convincing evidence.” Booker, 825 F.2d at 283.
The district court has broad discretion in making rulings about discovery.
Iraola & CIA., S.A. v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 325 F.3d 1274, 1286 (11th Cir.
2003). When “it appears that further discovery would not be helpful in resolving
the issues, a request for further discovery is properly denied.” Avirgan v. Hull,
932 F.2d 1572, 1580-81 (11th Cir. 1991) (concluding the district court abused no
discretion in imposing restrictions on discovery when the court’s ruling permitted
discovery on the dispositive issue in the case); Aviation Specialties, Inc. v. United
Technologies Corp., 568 F.2d 1186, 1190 (5th Cir. 1978) (“When the record
becomes clear enough to disclose that further discovery is not needed to develop
significant aspects of the case . . . discovery should be ended.”). Further, “we will
not overturn discovery rulings unless it is shown that the District Court’s ruling
resulted in substantial harm to the appellant’s case.” Harrison, 746 F.3d at 1297.
Here, the district court determined properly that to prove fraud on the court,
LabMD had to show that Tiversa’s lawyer knew that statements made to the court
about Tiversa’s contacts with Georgia were false. The only attorney-of-record in
this case was Mr. Hansberry. And LabMD has failed to show that another lawyer
6 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 7 of 8
was involved in Tiversa’s representation. 3 The district court, thus, limited post-
judgment discovery to the pertinent issue before it: whether Mr. Hansberry had
actual knowledge of Tiversa’s contacts with Georgia and mispresented
intentionally that information to the court.
Given the circumstances of this case, we cannot say that the district court
committed a clear error of judgment in limiting the scope of LabMD’s post-
judgment discovery. The district court’s ruling permitted discovery about the
dispositive issue in the case. And the additional discovery requested by LabMD
would not have been helpful in resolving that dispositive issue. As a result,
LabMD cannot show that the district court’s ruling resulted in substantial harm.
LabMD has demonstrated no abuse of discretion.
On appeal, LabMD concedes that it cannot demonstrate -- with clear and
convincing evidence -- that Tiversa committed fraud on the court. LabMD argues
only that the district court denied prematurely its Rule 60(d)(3) motion without
3 LabMD contends that Eric Kline, one of Mr. Hansberry’s law partners, also acted as Tiversa’s lawyer in this case. The evidence LabMD relies on in support of its position is a statement -- made in 2014 by Tiversa’s current lawyer (Mr. Shaw) -- during a hearing in a separate case in the Western District of Pennsylvania. There, in response to a question from the court, Mr. Shaw said that both Mr. Kline and Mr. Hansberry represented Tiversa in this case. Mr. Shaw now says that his 2014 statement was incorrect. Moreover, nothing evidences that Mr. Shaw ever worked at the same law firm as Mr. Kline and Mr. Hansberry (not a partner or an associate of Kline or Hansberry) or that Mr. Shaw had involvement with this case during the pertinent time: in 2011 and 2012. The district judge determined that Mr. Shaw’s 2014 statement did not persuade her that Mr. Kline in fact participated in this case or had otherwise acted as an officer of the court. LabMD has failed to show on appeal that the district court’s factual determination about Mr. Kline’s lack of participation in this case was clearly erroneous. We also reject LabMD’s assertion that this statement constitutes a binding judicial admission on Tiversa in this case. 7 Case: 17-11274 Date Filed: 12/07/2017 Page: 8 of 8
first permitting additional discovery. Because we have determined that the district
court abused no discretion in limiting the scope of discovery, LabMD can show no
abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of its Rule 60(d)(3) motion.
AFFIRMED.