Labarbera v. State

835 S.W.2d 775, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 2155, 1992 WL 186635
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedAugust 6, 1992
DocketNo. B14-91-00650-CR
StatusPublished

This text of 835 S.W.2d 775 (Labarbera v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Labarbera v. State, 835 S.W.2d 775, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 2155, 1992 WL 186635 (Tex. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinions

MAJORITY OPINION

CANNON, Justice.

Appellant entered a plea of not guilty before a jury to the misdemeanor offense of theft of services of the value of $200.00 but less than $750.00. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 31.04(a)(3), (e)(3). He was convicted of the lesser-included offense of theft of services of the value of $20.00 but less than $200.00 and the jury assessed punishment at confinement in the county jail for 180 days, plus a fine of $1,000.00. Appellant raises two points of error, complaining that the trial court erred in admitting extraneous offenses at the punishment stage and in denying his motion for instructed verdict. We affirm.

On August 8, 1990, appellant went to the U-Rent-M store in College Station, Texas, and rented a typewriter. Appellant was assisted by store employee Don Gordon. Because appellant did not have his driver’s license, employee Michael Matcek was asked to “okay” the transaction. Matcek was unable to oblige and referred the matter to manager Charles Mancuso. After appellant said that his family was friends with or related to the owner’s family, Man-cuso approved the transaction.

The pre-printed, written, rental form contains, among other items, appellant’s name, an address, a date of birth, a driver’s license number, and a telephone number. The rental rate for the IBM Selectric III rented by appellant was $15.00 a day. Appellant paid a total of $16.16 including tax, which is reflected on the rental form. It is undisputed that the rental form does not bear appellant’s signature or specify a rental period. Mancuso, however, was of the opinion that the typewriter was to be returned the next day. Approximately a week after the rental date, Mancuso spoke by telephone with appellant’s mother, who disclosed appellant’s phone number. Several days later, Mancuso telephoned appellant and asked him to return the typewrit[777]*777er. Appellant agreed to do so but never did. Two certified demand letters were sent to the address listed on the rental form. It is uncertain whether appellant received those letters because the return receipts show only the signature of Sam Labarbera, which is also the name of appellant’s father. The typewriter was not returned to the store until some forty days after the rental date, when appellant was arrested and the typewriter was recovered by police from a third party.

In his first point of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred in admitting State’s Exhibit 5, a pen packet, which contained an order revoking appellant’s probation. Specifically, appellant complains that the order contains evidence of unadjudicated extraneous offenses.

Initially, we note that the order revoking appellant’s probation is not, as the State contends, the result of an adjudication of the conduct alleged therein. See Cross v. State, 586 S.W.2d 478, 481 (Tex.Crim.App. 1979) (probation revocation proceedings administrative in nature where violation of probation conditions proved only by preponderance of evidence and revocation of probation not a conviction for purposes of impeachment).

Article 37.07, section 3(a), of the Code of Criminal Procedure, as amended, provides in pertinent part:

Sec. 3. Evidence of prior criminal record in all criminal cases after a finding of guilty
(a) Regardless of the plea and whether the punishment be assessed by the judge or the jury, evidence may, as permitted by the Rules of Evidence, be offered by the state and the defendant as to any matter the court deems relevant to sentencing, including the prior criminal record of the defendant, his general reputation, and his character. The term pri- or criminal record means a final conviction in a court of record, or a probated or suspended sentence that has occurred prior to trial or any final conviction material to the offense charged.

Tex.Code Crim.PROC.Ann. art. 37.07, § 3(a) (Vernon Supp.1992).

This Court, in construing article 37.07, has held that evidence of an extraneous offense is admissible at the punishment stage of a trial where the evidence is relevant to sentencing under the Rules of Evidence. McMillian v. State, 799 S.W.2d 311 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, pet. granted) (opin. on reh’g), see also Zayas v. State, 814 S.W.2d 509, 511 (Tex.App.— Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, pet. ref’d); Cannon v. State, 807 S.W.2d 631, 635 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, no pet.). “Relevant evidence means evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.” Tex.R.Crim.Evid. 401. Of course, relevant evidence “may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury_” Tex.R.Crim.Evid. 403.

The revocation order contained in the pen packet reflects that appellant violated his probation by allegedly committing an offense against the laws of this State. Of the six offenses cited in the order, five were misdemeanor theft offenses. Here, appellant was found guilty of misdemeanor theft of services. Undoubtedly, the evidence of prior theft offenses allegedly committed by appellant was relevant to the jury’s consideration of punishment. See Slott v. State, 824 S.W.2d 225, 226-27 (Tex. App. — Beaumont 1992, pet. pending); Holland v. State, 820 S.W.2d 221, 223-24 (Tex. App. — Fort Worth 1991, pet. pending); Retford v. State, 818 S.W.2d 494, 496-97 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, pet ref’d), 823 S.W.2d 296 (Tex.Crim.App.1991); Hubbard v. State, 809 S.W.2d 316, 319-20 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1991, pet. granted); Gallardo v. State, 809 S.W.2d 540, 543 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1991, pet. granted); Huggins v. State, 795 S.W.2d 909, 911 (Tex.App. — Beaumont 1990, pet. ref’d). We conclude that it was not error for the trial court to admit the pen packet during punishment. We overrule appellant’s first point of error.

[778]*778In his second point of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for instructed verdict because there was insufficient evidence of a written rental agreement or of a rental period.

A challenge to the trial court’s ruling on a motion for an instructed verdict is in actuality a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Madden v. State, 799 S.W.2d 683, 686 (Tex.Crim.App.1990), cert. denied,—U.S.-, 111 S.Ct. 1432, 113 L.Ed.2d 483 (1991).

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835 S.W.2d 775, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 2155, 1992 WL 186635, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/labarbera-v-state-texapp-1992.