RENDERED: OCTOBER 14, 2022; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals
NO. 2021-CA-1125-DG
KRISTEN M. GILES1 APPELLANT
ON DISCRETIONARY REVIEW FROM v. JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT HONORABLE MARY M. SHAW, JUDGE ACTION NO. 19-XX-000006
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
OPINION AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: DIXON, LAMBERT, AND L. THOMPSON, JUDGES.
DIXON, JUDGE: Kristen Giles appeals from the Jefferson Circuit Court’s August
27, 2021, order affirming the district court’s judgment of conviction and
sentencing. Finding no error, we affirm.
1 Although referred to as Kristian, Krisin, or Kristen Giles throughout the record, appellant’s legal name is Holyparadox Allah Apollyon. For consistency, however, we refer to appellant by the name used in the motion for discretionary review. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Kristen Giles visited the Jefferson County Child Support Office with
his two minor children, at which time two clients were being assisted by two
workers at the window. One of the workers told Giles to take a ticket and a seat
and he would be helped at the appropriate time. Giles soon became irritated and
began waving his paperwork and shouting obscenities at the workers. He told one
worker he would shoot her – and the police – in the “gut” and he would “blow the
whole place down.” The worker pressed the panic button, and a nearby deputy
escorted Giles from the building. Based on the foregoing, police issued a warrant
for Giles’s arrest for third-degree terroristic threatening.
Giles was appointed a public defender. At the first pretrial
conference, Giles requested he be appointed as his own co-counsel, and the trial
court granted his request. At the next pretrial conference, Giles’s co-counsel
requested the trial court conduct a Faretta2 hearing. The court stated there was no
basis to conduct such a hearing at that time and set a trial date. At the following
pretrial conference, Giles’s co-counsel again requested a Faretta hearing, and the
court agreed to hold one prior to the start of trial.
The day before trial was set to begin, Giles’s co-counsel moved the
court to evaluate Giles’s competency, informing the court that Giles received
2 Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S. Ct. 2525, 45 L. Ed. 2d 562 (1975).
-2- Social Security Income (SSI) for mental illnesses; a judge in another case had
previously ordered, sua sponte, that Giles’s competency be evaluated; and Giles
was fixated on conspiracy theories as opposed to the facts of his case. The court
held that these assertions did not meet the criteria to find Giles legally
incompetent.
The day trial was scheduled to begin, Giles’s co-counsel moved the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kentucky to recuse the trial judge. Because
a properly filed motion of recusal to the Chief Justice divests the trial court of
jurisdiction during its pendency, the trial was continued to begin after an order was
entered. The following day, the Chief Justice entered an order denying the motion.
Although ordered by the trial court to appear for trial, Giles was absent. The
Commonwealth moved the trial court to continue the trial one day to give Giles’s
co-counsel opportunity to contact Giles and advise that he present for trial. The
court agreed and entered a bench warrant for Giles’s arrest.
Two days after the trial was originally scheduled to begin, Giles again
failed to appear. Consequently, the court elected to proceed with trial in absentia
over the objection of Giles’s co-counsel. Because Giles was not present, no
Faretta hearing was held. The jury ultimately found Giles guilty of third-degree
terroristic threatening and recommended a $250 fine. The court accepted this
recommendation but modified it to the extent that Giles could complete 40 hours of
-3- community service in lieu of paying the fine. Giles appealed his judgment of
conviction and sentence to the Jefferson Circuit Court. When the circuit court
affirmed the trial court, Giles petitioned for, and was granted, discretionary review
by this Court.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Our Court generally reviews, on a case-by-case basis, whether a trial
court committed reversible error by not ensuring a defendant knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waived his/her right to counsel – whether in whole, as
when proceeding entirely pro se, or in part, as when a request is made to act as co-
counsel or only represent oneself in a limited manner. Grady v. Commonwealth,
325 S.W.3d 333, 341 (Ky. 2010).
“The standard of appellate review of a trial court’s competency
decision is whether a reasonable judge, situated as was the trial court judge whose
failure to conduct an evidentiary hearing is being reviewed, should have
experienced doubt with respect to competency to stand trial.” Woolfolk v.
Commonwealth, 339 S.W.3d 411, 423 (Ky. 2011), as corrected (Apr. 27, 2011)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “It is within the trial court’s sound
discretion to determine whether reasonable grounds exist to question
competency, though once such grounds do exist, a competency hearing is
mandatory.” Id. (emphasis added) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
-4- ANALYSIS
On appeal, Giles first argues the trial court erred when it appointed
him as co-counsel without conducting a Faretta hearing. This case presents a
unique situation in that Giles was intentionally absent from his trial. Giles
appeared in court at multiple hearings and pretrial conferences and was even in
court the day prior to the trial’s original start date. He was made aware on that day
that the trial date had been delayed to the following day. The trial court delayed
the trial’s start another day to give Giles an additional opportunity to be present,
but he still failed to appear. Giles attended post-trial hearings but offered no
excuse for his absences.
The case herein bears similarity to Swan v. Commonwealth, 384
S.W.3d 77 (Ky. 2012), as corrected (Sep. 11, 2012), as modified on denial of reh’g
(Dec. 20, 2012). In Swan, the defendant abandoned his request to proceed as co-
counsel. Id. at 95. Here, Giles’s purposeful absence from his trial is indicative that
he had abandoned his request to proceed as co-counsel. This abandonment
“removed the need to hold a Faretta hearing, since such a hearing is required only
in the face of an active request to so proceed.” Id. Accordingly, the trial court did
not commit reversible error by not holding a Faretta hearing.
This case is also somewhat like Matthews v. Commonwealth, 168
S.W.3d 14 (Ky. 2005). In Matthews, the defendant “inquired how to be made co-
-5- counsel and the trial judge told him to ask. The defendant did and the trial judge
granted the request, stating, ‘it is as simple as that.’ No hearing was held on the
issue.” Id. at 23. Under the circumstances presented in Matthews, and also in the
case herein, Faretta has no application. Id. Unlike the defendant in Faretta,
neither Giles nor the defendant in Matthews participated as counsel at trial in front
of a jury.
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RENDERED: OCTOBER 14, 2022; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals
NO. 2021-CA-1125-DG
KRISTEN M. GILES1 APPELLANT
ON DISCRETIONARY REVIEW FROM v. JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT HONORABLE MARY M. SHAW, JUDGE ACTION NO. 19-XX-000006
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
OPINION AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: DIXON, LAMBERT, AND L. THOMPSON, JUDGES.
DIXON, JUDGE: Kristen Giles appeals from the Jefferson Circuit Court’s August
27, 2021, order affirming the district court’s judgment of conviction and
sentencing. Finding no error, we affirm.
1 Although referred to as Kristian, Krisin, or Kristen Giles throughout the record, appellant’s legal name is Holyparadox Allah Apollyon. For consistency, however, we refer to appellant by the name used in the motion for discretionary review. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Kristen Giles visited the Jefferson County Child Support Office with
his two minor children, at which time two clients were being assisted by two
workers at the window. One of the workers told Giles to take a ticket and a seat
and he would be helped at the appropriate time. Giles soon became irritated and
began waving his paperwork and shouting obscenities at the workers. He told one
worker he would shoot her – and the police – in the “gut” and he would “blow the
whole place down.” The worker pressed the panic button, and a nearby deputy
escorted Giles from the building. Based on the foregoing, police issued a warrant
for Giles’s arrest for third-degree terroristic threatening.
Giles was appointed a public defender. At the first pretrial
conference, Giles requested he be appointed as his own co-counsel, and the trial
court granted his request. At the next pretrial conference, Giles’s co-counsel
requested the trial court conduct a Faretta2 hearing. The court stated there was no
basis to conduct such a hearing at that time and set a trial date. At the following
pretrial conference, Giles’s co-counsel again requested a Faretta hearing, and the
court agreed to hold one prior to the start of trial.
The day before trial was set to begin, Giles’s co-counsel moved the
court to evaluate Giles’s competency, informing the court that Giles received
2 Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S. Ct. 2525, 45 L. Ed. 2d 562 (1975).
-2- Social Security Income (SSI) for mental illnesses; a judge in another case had
previously ordered, sua sponte, that Giles’s competency be evaluated; and Giles
was fixated on conspiracy theories as opposed to the facts of his case. The court
held that these assertions did not meet the criteria to find Giles legally
incompetent.
The day trial was scheduled to begin, Giles’s co-counsel moved the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kentucky to recuse the trial judge. Because
a properly filed motion of recusal to the Chief Justice divests the trial court of
jurisdiction during its pendency, the trial was continued to begin after an order was
entered. The following day, the Chief Justice entered an order denying the motion.
Although ordered by the trial court to appear for trial, Giles was absent. The
Commonwealth moved the trial court to continue the trial one day to give Giles’s
co-counsel opportunity to contact Giles and advise that he present for trial. The
court agreed and entered a bench warrant for Giles’s arrest.
Two days after the trial was originally scheduled to begin, Giles again
failed to appear. Consequently, the court elected to proceed with trial in absentia
over the objection of Giles’s co-counsel. Because Giles was not present, no
Faretta hearing was held. The jury ultimately found Giles guilty of third-degree
terroristic threatening and recommended a $250 fine. The court accepted this
recommendation but modified it to the extent that Giles could complete 40 hours of
-3- community service in lieu of paying the fine. Giles appealed his judgment of
conviction and sentence to the Jefferson Circuit Court. When the circuit court
affirmed the trial court, Giles petitioned for, and was granted, discretionary review
by this Court.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Our Court generally reviews, on a case-by-case basis, whether a trial
court committed reversible error by not ensuring a defendant knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waived his/her right to counsel – whether in whole, as
when proceeding entirely pro se, or in part, as when a request is made to act as co-
counsel or only represent oneself in a limited manner. Grady v. Commonwealth,
325 S.W.3d 333, 341 (Ky. 2010).
“The standard of appellate review of a trial court’s competency
decision is whether a reasonable judge, situated as was the trial court judge whose
failure to conduct an evidentiary hearing is being reviewed, should have
experienced doubt with respect to competency to stand trial.” Woolfolk v.
Commonwealth, 339 S.W.3d 411, 423 (Ky. 2011), as corrected (Apr. 27, 2011)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “It is within the trial court’s sound
discretion to determine whether reasonable grounds exist to question
competency, though once such grounds do exist, a competency hearing is
mandatory.” Id. (emphasis added) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
-4- ANALYSIS
On appeal, Giles first argues the trial court erred when it appointed
him as co-counsel without conducting a Faretta hearing. This case presents a
unique situation in that Giles was intentionally absent from his trial. Giles
appeared in court at multiple hearings and pretrial conferences and was even in
court the day prior to the trial’s original start date. He was made aware on that day
that the trial date had been delayed to the following day. The trial court delayed
the trial’s start another day to give Giles an additional opportunity to be present,
but he still failed to appear. Giles attended post-trial hearings but offered no
excuse for his absences.
The case herein bears similarity to Swan v. Commonwealth, 384
S.W.3d 77 (Ky. 2012), as corrected (Sep. 11, 2012), as modified on denial of reh’g
(Dec. 20, 2012). In Swan, the defendant abandoned his request to proceed as co-
counsel. Id. at 95. Here, Giles’s purposeful absence from his trial is indicative that
he had abandoned his request to proceed as co-counsel. This abandonment
“removed the need to hold a Faretta hearing, since such a hearing is required only
in the face of an active request to so proceed.” Id. Accordingly, the trial court did
not commit reversible error by not holding a Faretta hearing.
This case is also somewhat like Matthews v. Commonwealth, 168
S.W.3d 14 (Ky. 2005). In Matthews, the defendant “inquired how to be made co-
-5- counsel and the trial judge told him to ask. The defendant did and the trial judge
granted the request, stating, ‘it is as simple as that.’ No hearing was held on the
issue.” Id. at 23. Under the circumstances presented in Matthews, and also in the
case herein, Faretta has no application. Id. Unlike the defendant in Faretta,
neither Giles nor the defendant in Matthews participated as counsel at trial in front
of a jury. Their only participation upon being made co-counsel was to file pro se
motions and, like other defendants, confer with their counsel. Neither Giles nor
the defendant in Matthews waived their right to counsel in any manner. Thus, a
Faretta hearing was not required in either circumstance.
Giles’s second argument on appeal is that the trial court erred by
failing to hold a competency hearing. KRS3 504.100(1) provides, “If upon
arraignment, or during any stage of the proceedings, the court has reasonable
grounds to believe the defendant is incompetent to stand trial, the court shall
appoint at least one (1) psychologist or psychiatrist to examine, treat and report on
the defendant’s mental condition.” (Emphasis added.) Under KRS 504.060(4),
“‘Incompetency to stand trial’ means, as a result of mental condition, lack of
capacity to appreciate the nature and consequences of the proceedings against one
or to participate rationally in one’s own defense[.]”
3 Kentucky Revised Statutes.
-6- Concerning whether a defendant is entitled to a competency hearing
and whether the failure to conduct one constitutes reversible error, the Supreme
Court has held:
if only the statutory right to a hearing is at issue (when there is not substantial evidence of incompetency in the record), a retrospective hearing is not absolutely mandatory . . . because it can be waived . . . and would rarely be prejudicial error by itself in any event, RCr[4] 9.24, 10.26. What this means to the trial court, being subject to the statutory mandate, is that the hearing can be waived, or simply not done (in the court’s discretion), when there is no constitutional requirement for a hearing (when there is not substantial evidence of incompetency in the record).
Padgett v. Commonwealth, 312 S.W.3d 336, 349 (Ky. 2010) (emphasis added).
Here, there was no evidence, much less substantial evidence, of
Giles’s incompetence. Although his co-counsel asserted Giles received SSI for his
mental illnesses, no proof appears to have been proffered to the trial court. The
court also reviewed the results of Giles’s previous competency evaluation(s),
finding Giles competent. Given the facts of this case, we cannot say “a reasonable
judge, situated as was the trial court judge whose failure to conduct an evidentiary
hearing is being reviewed, should have experienced doubt with respect to
competency to stand trial.” Woolfolk, 339 S.W.3d at 423 (emphasis added).
4 Kentucky Rules of Criminal Procedure.
-7- Consequently, we cannot say the trial court erred in not requiring Giles to submit
to a competency evaluation in this case.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, and for the foregoing reasons, the order of the Jefferson
Circuit Court is AFFIRMED.
ALL CONCUR.
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
Christopher B. Thurman Daniel Cameron Louisville, Kentucky Attorney General of Kentucky
Jeanne Anderson Special Assistant Attorney General Louisville, Kentucky
-8-