Kress v. Lederle Laboratories

901 S.W.2d 206, 1995 Mo. App. LEXIS 806, 1995 WL 237369
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedApril 25, 1995
DocketNo. 65676
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 901 S.W.2d 206 (Kress v. Lederle Laboratories) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kress v. Lederle Laboratories, 901 S.W.2d 206, 1995 Mo. App. LEXIS 806, 1995 WL 237369 (Mo. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

SMITH, Presiding Judge.

Lederle Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid Company, appeals from the order of the trial court setting aside its previously issued order approving a settlement between plaintiff, acting through his next friend, and defendant Lederle. We reverse.

Plaintiff Ryan Kress was bom healthy. Shortly after his birth he took an oral polio [208]*208vaccination called Orimune manufactured by Lederle Laboratories. Within two weeks his legs went limp and he is permanently paralyzed from the waist down. His mother individually and as next Mend, filed suit against Lederle, Group Health Plan of Greater St. Louis, Group Health Plan Foundation, Dr. Linda Clark, and DePaul Health Center. Between the time of the ingestion of Ori-mune and the onset of symptoms of polio, Ryan was treated at DePaul Health Center for an unrelated infection and received amox-icillin, an antibiotic that allegedly made him susceptible to contracting polio from the live polio vaccine. Plaintiffs alleged that the Lederle vaccine was defective causing the polio and that Ryan’s health care providers were guilty of malpractice in treating him with the amoxicillin causing the polio.

At the time plaintiffs’ suit was filed a suit entitled Callahan v. Cardinal Glennon Hospital was pending in the same court. The circumstances of the two cases were remarkably similar. In that case the plaintiffs dismissed Lederle prior to trial and proceeded against the health care providers. Eventually, a jury verdict of $16 million was returned against the health care providers and that judgment was affirmed. Callahan v. Cardinal Glennon Hospital 863 S.W.2d 852 (Mo. banc 1993). Plaintiffs’ attorneys followed closely the Callahan litigation, discussed the cases extensively with the Callahan attorneys, and basically followed the model of the plaintiffs’ case in the Callahan case to try the Kress ease to the jury”.

After the successful Callahan trial, plaintiffs and Lederle agreed to settle the Kress litigation for $50,000. That settlement was presented to the trial court and approved after a hearing. Plaintiffs then proceeded to trial against the remaining defendants. During the trial plaintiffs settled with DePaul for $75,000. While the jury was deliberating the plaintiffs and remaining defendants made a “high/low” agreement which guaranteed plaintiffs a recovery of $250,000 in the event of a defendant’s verdict and capped plaintiffs’ recovery at $2 million in the event of a plaintiffs’ verdict in a higher amount. The jury returned a defendants’ verdict.

With new counsel, plaintiffs filed a motion before the judge who approved the settlement with Lederle to set aside the approval of that settlement. The motion was based on two grounds. First, the settlement was void under § 507.150.2 RSMo 1994, because the next Mend had failed to obtain a bond required by § 507.150.1 prior to receipt of the settlement proceeds. Second, that Lederle had failed voluntarily to advise plaintiffs of information which would indicate that the case had a higher settlement value than plaintiffs believed it did and the settlement was therefore inequitable. Pursuant to the settlement, $20,000 was disbursed by Lederle to plaintiffs’ attorneys and a $30,000 check was issued to the next Mend which is still being held uncashed. The trial court granted plaintiffs’ motion without explanation.

Both Ryan Kress and his mother are now, and were before the settlement, residents of Florida. The order approving the settlement did not mandate a bond but required the next Mend to open a conservator’s estate in the Florida county of plaintiffs’ residence. That has been done but the Lederle settlement proceeds have not been deposited into that account. Lederle contends that under a choice of laws approach the state of plaintiffs’ residence is the state with the most significant contacts and the procedures for the handling of settlements of minor’s claims in that state should apply. Under Florida law the method directed by the trial court in its order approving the settlement is appropriate.

In Kennedy v. Dixon, 439 S.W.2d 173 (Mo. banc 1969) [6-8] the court adopted the most significant relationship test articulated in Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws. Under that test Florida has the most significant contacts as regards protecting the assets of the minor which is the purpose of the bond requirement of the Missouri statute. But the Restatement also provides that a court usually applies its own local law rules prescribing how litigation shall be conducted. § 122 Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws (1971). The local law of the forum also determines the methods of securing obedi[209]*209ence to orders of the court, including the determination of whether a bond is required. § 130 Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws (1971) Comment a. The Missouri law controls the requirements for a bond and the consequences of failing to procure one.

Sec. 507.150 RSMo 1994 provides in pertinent part:

1. Before a next friend or guardian ad litem can receive or receipt for any money or property, personal or real, and before he can acknowledge satisfaction or discharge of any judgment, he must execute a bond to such infant; ...
2. Failure to execute such approved bond with approved surety or sureties when required under the provisions of subsection 1 of this section shall, upon receipt by a next friend or guardian ad litem of any money or property for or on behalf of such minor, immediately render such next Mend or guardian ad litem personally liable to the minor for a penal sum in an amount double the value of the money or property and also shall render absolutely void and of no effect any release, receipt or acknowledgment of satisfaction or discharge of any judgment which has or is in the future made or executed by the next friend or guardian ad litem. (Emphasis supplied).

Plaintiffs next Mend did not post the required bond before she received the $30,000 cheek provided for in the settlement. The additional $20,000 was distributed to the original attorneys for their fees and expenses. Plaintiffs contend that the emphasized language voids the settlement and supports the trial court’s action in withdrawing its approval of the settlement. It does not. The language voids a release, receipt or ac-knowledgement of satisfaction or discharge of any judgment. It does not by its express language have any effect on the settlement or judgment. The statute is designed to protect the minor from the misapplication or misuse of the minor’s property by the guardian ad litem or next Mend. It does not, and is not intended to, provide any protection to the minor as concerns the sufficiency or wisdom of a settlement or judgment. That protection is provided by the requirement of judicial approval of the settlement or judgment. Sec. 507.184 RSMo 1994.

Section 507.184 makes clear that “release” is not the same as “settlement” and “satisfaction and discharge” are not the same as “judgment”. Sec. 507.184.2 authorizes the next Mend to contract for a settlement of the minor’s claim with approval of the court and then provides authority for the next Mend, without further court approval, to execute and sign a release or satisfaction and discharge of a judgment. The statute provides a two step procedure for disposing of a minor’s claim.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
901 S.W.2d 206, 1995 Mo. App. LEXIS 806, 1995 WL 237369, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kress-v-lederle-laboratories-moctapp-1995.