Kraemer v Edelstein 2025 NY Slip Op 30623(U) February 24, 2025 Supreme Court, New York County Docket Number: Index No. 153243/2024 Judge: Ariel D. Chesler Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York State and local government sources, including the New York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service. This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official publication. INDEX NO. 153243/2024 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 365 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/24/2025
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK NEW YORK COUNTY PRESENT: HON. ARIEL D. CHESLER PART 62M Justice ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X INDEX NO. 15324312024 THOMAS D KRAEMER, NIA, 0811512024, Plaintiff, NIA, 11/1412024, - V - MOTION DATE 0111712025, NIA
FLORENCE EDELSTEIN, MICHAEL 001002003 EDELSTEIN, MAJESTIC REALTY MOTION SEQ. NO. _ _0_04_0_0_5_0_0_6_ CORPORATION, CHRISTOPHER DUVAL, LISA SPITALE, & THE CITY OF NEW YORK, DECISION+ ORDER ON MOTION Defendant. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
BACKGROUND
Between 2014 and 2015, plaintiff was involved in a Housing Court proceeding with his
landlord, Majestic Realty Corp. and his landlords the Edelstein defendants. Ultimately, in 2015 he
was evicted from his apartment.
In a series oflawsuits filed in the Southern District by plaintiff between 2014 and 2019, he
alleged various claims against, among others, the Edelstein defendants, Majestic Realty
Corporation, the New York City Department of Housing, Preservation, and Development (HPD),
the New York State Division of Housing and Community Renewal (DHCR), the Housing Court
Judge who presided over the eviction proceedings, and the city marshal who carried out the
eviction. 1
1 See Kraemer v. Edelstein, No. 14-CV-3804 (LAP), 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 197733 (S.D.N.Y. June 9, 2014); Kraemerv. Fontno, No. 14-CV-9343 (LAP), 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 190013 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2015); Kraemerv. Fontno, No. 15-CV-1755 (PKC), 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 190014 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 1,
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As noted by Judge Loretta A. Preska in her 2014 decision, the "The gravamen of this
complaint is that Defendants have negligently responded to Plaintiffs efforts to remedy the
condition of his apartment" which had made been uninhabitable by mites. However, in other
subsequent suits, plaintiff alleged that the landlord purposely pumped poison fumes into his
apartment and also that HPD, the Housing Court Judge, and the marshal had failed to carry out
their duties, committed fraud and/or engaged in other unlawful behavior.
In one of the suits, Plaintiff alleged "that unnamed individuals drugged his daughter to
prevent her from providing testimony, while also coercing her to testify; that unnamed individuals
kidnapped his daughter to force him to stop pursuing an appeal; and that his 'daughter was
overdosed twice on appeal. And twice while in captivity until she convulsed causing permanent
mental impairment."' He further alleged "that there is far-reaching conspiracy to tamper with his
lawsuits that began after he discovered, approximately 17 years ago, that his daughter was being
abused." Plaintiff asserted that his daughter was severely abused by individuals in Pennsylvania.
Judge Preska dismissed plaintiffs various filings on numerous grounds, including lack of
subject matter jurisdiction, failure to state a claim, and immunity. In her 2017 decision (see
Kraemer v. Edelstein et al., No. 17-CV-2910 [LAP][S.D.N.Y. Sep. 19, 2017]), she also dismissed
claims against defendant Florence Edelstein on the grounds of res judicata since virtually identical
claims had been raised in earlier actions. To the extent plaintiff had pleaded state law claims, Judge
Preska declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the same.
Moreover, in her 2017 decision, Judge Preska found:
2015); Kraemer v. Edelstein, No. 15-CV-9839 (LAP), 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 190266 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 26, 2016); Kraemer v. Edelstein et al., No. l 7-CV-2910 [LAP], 2017 US Dist LEXIS 153504 [S.D.N.Y. Sep. 19, 2017]); Kraemer v Edelstein, 18-CV-9804 [LAP], 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 185006 [SDNY October 25, 2018]); Kraemer v. City ofNew York, 19-CV-6671 [VEC], Not Reported in Fed. Supp., 2020 WL 1974204 [SDNY April 24, 2020]). 153243/2024 KRAEMER, THOMAS D vs. EDELSTEIN, FLORENCE ET AL Page 2 of 12 Motion No. 001 002 003 004 005 006
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Plaintiffs filing history evinces a pattern of vexatious, duplicative, and nonmeritorious litigation. Plaintiff has filed multiple lawsuits that assert the same claims, concern the same defendants, and arise out of the same events. Plaintiffs submissions, which are dense, repetitive, and difficult to decipher, needlessly force the Court to expend considerable resources.
Accordingly, Judge Preska barred plaintiff from filing any new actions without leave of
court. And, in fact in 2018, Judge Preska dismissed yet another action filed by plaintiff because he
had not first sought leave of court (see Kraemer v Edelstein, 18-CV-9804 [LAP][SDNY October
25, 2018]).
However, in yet another action filed in the Southern District by Plaintiff in 2019, he alleged
similar claims, and included Lisa Spitale and New York City as defendants. In an April 24, 2020
decision, Judge Valerie Caproni dismissed the action as frivolous, noting that it was time barred
and barred by res judicata. Finally, the case was also dismissed because the Court found the
allegations are "fanciful" and "factually frivolous, even when liberally construed." (see Kraemer
v. City of New York, 19-CV-6671 [VEC], Not Reported in Fed. Supp., 2020 WL 1974204 [SDNY
April 24, 2020]).
THIS ACTION
In April 2024, plaintiff filed a complaint in this action alleging a variety of purported causes
of action, including, inter alia, Fraud on the Court, Subornation of perjury, offering a false
instrument in the first degree, offenses against postal laws/use of mail to defraud, forgery, grand
larceny in the first degree, destruction of government database records, forced labor/human
trafficking, and organized assault. Plaintiff also filed motions in this action for a temporary
restraining order and for default against Defendant-City of New York.
Defendants appeared in this action through their respective counsel and moved for
dismissal of the complaint. For the reasons stated below, the Court dismisses this action in its
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entirety as the complaint filed by Plaintiff is utterly meritless. Further, based upon the vexatious
nature of this specific Plaintiff the Court finds it necessary to enjoin Plaintiff from filing any other
lawsuits against the above-named defendants and their counsel, absent leave of court.
DISCUSSION
I. Florence & Michael Edelstein
Defendants Florence and Michael Edelstein ("Edelstein Defendants") were former landlords
to Plaintiff. In an earlier housing court proceeding, Plaintiff failed to appear and was duly evicted.
Plaintiff alleges, from what the Court can discern from his pleadings, that the Edelstein Defendants
colluded to commit fraud upon the Court and otherwise caused injury to Plaintiff by directing
unknown associates to physically assault Plaintiff.
In considering a motion to dismiss a complaint pursuant to CPLR 321 l(a)(7) the court must
accept the facts as alleged in the complaint as true, accord plaintiffs the benefit of every possible
favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal
theory (Leon v. Martinez, 84 NY2d 83 [1994]). Under this standard, the plaintiff has failed to state
any cognizable claim. 2
In the first instance, Plaintiff seeks to vindicate purported civil rights afforded to him under
criminal statutes against the Edelstein Defendants. The law on this issue squarely demonstrates
Plaintiff has no cause of action under the cited criminal statutes. (See generally, 52 W Assoc., LLC
v Louladakis, 2020 NY Misc LEXIS 3241, at *8 [Sup Ct, NY County 2024]; see also, Touche Ross
& Co. v Redington, 442 US 560 [1979][Federal criminal statutes generally do not give rise to a
private cause of action absent an implication in the statute]; Sheeh v Big Flats Community Day,
Inc., 73 NY2d 629, 634 [NY 1989][Holding a criminal statute cannot give rise to a private cause
2 The Court has accepted the Edelstein Defendants motion to dismiss and excuses any delay in its filing. 153243/2024 KRAEMER, THOMAS D vs. EDELSTEIN, FLORENCE ET AL Page 4 of 12 Motion No. 001 002 003 004 005 006
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of action if same was not consistent with the "underlying legislative scheme."]).While it is true
that there exists a private cause of action under 18 USC § 1961, that cause of action cannot be
brought in State Courts as the Federal Courts have exclusive jurisdiction over such claims. (Sees.
Simpson Elec. Corp. v. Leucadia, Inc., 128 AD2d 339 [2d Dept 1987], ajj'd on other grounds, 72
N.Y.2d 450, 530 N.E.2d 860 [1988]). 3
To the extent plaintiff makes other claims, the Court finds that, like his claims in various
federal actions, his allegations here are "fanciful" and "factually frivolous, even when liberally
construed." Accordingly, they fail to state any claim ..
Regardless, this action must be dismissed against the Edelstein Defendants because every
claim asserted against them is time-barred and otherwise defective due to improper service.
Plaintiff alleges conduct that occurred in 2015-2018 against Defendants, and all of these claims
are time-barred by the Statute of Limitations. (See CPLR §§ 214, 3211 [5]). Further, to the extent
these claims are predicated upon the same series of transactions and occurrences that
formed the basis of a prior complaint previously brought by plaintiff (see Pahmer v Touche Ross
& Co, 271 AD2d 371 [!5 1 Dept 2000]) - i.e. the claims raised against the Edelstein defendants in
the federal actions - they are dismissed on the ground of res judicata.
Based on the foregoing, the Court need not reach the issues relating to improper service
and plaintiffs failure to seek permission from the guardianship court as it relates to the Edelstein
Defendants. Accordingly, the claims raised against the Edelstein Defendants are DISMISSED
WITH PREJUDICE.
3 As to Plaintiffs claims that he has a private cause of action for violations of state and federal criminal laws, he may only do so under a negligence per se theory. Here, the Plaintiff cannot show negligence per se because he cannot show the legislature intended to create a private cause of action under the criminal statutes - same is not present in his complaint. (See generally, 52 W. Assoc., LLC v Louladakis, 2020 NY Misc LEXIS 3241, at *8 [Sup Ct, NY County 2024]). 153243/2024 KRAEMER, THOMAS D vs. EDELSTEIN, FLORENCE ET AL Page 5 of 12 Motion No. 001 002 003 004 005 006
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II. Majestic Realty Corp
The claims against Majestic Realty Corp ("Majestic") are likewise time barred. The most
recent allegations against Majestic are from 2018. All of these claims are time-barred under the
Statute of limitations. (CPLR § 214).
Outside of being time barred, these claims are precluded as well by the doctrines of
collateral estoppel and res judicata as the Plaintiff litigated the allegations against Defendant in
both state and federal court. Nor do they state a cognizable cause of action.
Based on the foregoing, the Court need not reach the issue of improper service on Majestic
Realty Corp raised in the motion.
Accordingly, Plaintiffs claims against Majestic are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
III. Mr. Christopher Duval
Christopher Duval is an attorney who represented plaintiffs landlord Florence Edelstein in
various housing court proceedings between 2013 and 2015. Plaintiff alleges multiple unactionable
claims against Mr. Duval. Namely, he alleges violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct.
However, the law is settled that a violation of the Professional Conduct Rules docs not give right
to a private cause of action. (Rubinstein v Kriss & Feurstein, 2013 NY Misc LEXIS 3126, at *7
[Sup Ct, NY County 2013] citing Weintraub v Phillips, Nizer, Bejamin, Krim & Ballon, 172 AD2d
254, 254 [151 Dept 1991][Holding "[a] violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility, as
alleged by the plaintiff, docs not, in itself, give rise to a private cause of action against an attorney
or law firm."]).
Outside of failing to allege an actionable claim, Defendant Duval correctly points out that even
if this Court were to read the claims against him as legal malpractice claims they would be equally
meritless because there never existed an attorney-client relationship between him and plaintiff nor
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a narrow instance where an attorney owes a duty to a non-client. It is elementary that the existence
of an attorney-client relationship is a necessary element of any legal malpractice claim. (Rudolf v.
Shayne, Dachs, Stanisci, Corker & Sauer, 8 NY3d 438 [2007]).
While Plaintiff does allege that Mr. Duval committed a "fraud on the court", CPLR § 3016(b)
requires fraud to be plead in sufficient detail. A Plaintiff alleging fraud may not assert mere
conclusory allegations of fraud but must allege with particularity actual knowledge of the allegedly
fraudulent acts. (High Tides, LLC v. DeMichele, 88 A.D.3d 954, 957 [2d Dept 2011]) In a legal
malpractice context, unsupported assertions that the defendant attorney committed fraud will not
defeat a motion to dismiss the complaint. (Carr v. Hayes, 92 A.D.3d 534, 938 N.Y.S.2d 435
[2012]["[P]laintiffs unsupported assertions that all of the documentation regarding the sale of the
home, submitted to the court below, was 'fraudulent,' 'false' and 'staged,' are insufficient to defeat
the motion to dismiss plaintiffs claims for fraud, conversion and legal malpractice."]).
Moreover, as with the claims against the other defendants, these claims are also barred by
either the three-year statute oflimitations for legal malpractice, or the six-year statute oflimitations
for fraud (CPLR 214 [6]; CPLR 214 [8]). Accordingly, Plaintiff's claims against Christopher Duval
are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
IV. Ms. Lisa Spitale
Plaintiff's cause of action against Ms. Spitale must be dismissed as this Court lacks personal
jurisdiction of Defendant Spitale. The claims against Spitale, who is an attorney who lives and
practices in Pennsylvania, stem from her role as the court-appointed guardian of Plaintiff's adult
daughter, who is also a Pennsylvania resident. Plaintiff alleges that Spitale is involved in a child
slave manufacturing business.
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The entirety of the transactions and occurrences between Plaintiff and Defendant Spitale (none
of which appear to be legal causes of action) occurred in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Defendant Spitale does not do business in the state of New York. She does not reside in New York.
In sum, she has no contacts with New York to support a finding this forum has personal jurisdiction
over Defendant Spitale. Accordingly, the Court may not exercise personal jurisdiction over Spitale
under any provision of CPLR § 302(a), and dismissal pursuant to CPLR § 321 l(a)(8) is thus
mandated. Further, because the situs of the alleged injury occurred in Pennsylvania-rather than
New York-there is no jurisdiction under CPLR 302(a)(3) (i) and (ii).
"Generally, a nondomiciliary is subject to the jurisdiction of a New York court if it has
purposefully transacted business within the State, and there is a 'substantial relationship' between
this activity and the plaintiff's cause of action." (Cornely v. Dynamic HVC Supply, LLC, 44 AD3d
986, 986 [2d Dept. 2007] citing Kreutter v. McFadden Oil Corp., 71 NY2d 460 [1988]).
"Purposeful activities are those with which a defendant, through volitional acts, avails itself of the
privilege of conducting activities within the forum State, thus invoking the benefits and protections
of its laws." (Fischbarg v. Doucet, 9 NY3d 375, 380 [2007]).
"Essential to the maintenance of a suit against a nondomiciliary under CPLR § 302 (subd.(a),
par. 1) is the existence of some articulable nexus between the business transacted and the cause of
action sued upon." (McGowan v. Smith, 52 N.Y.2d 268, 271 [1981]). Even where there is factual
support for a defendant's contacts with New York, "absent a showing that such contacts were
related to [the present claims], no finding of personal jurisdiction would be warranted." Peter Lisee
Galstechnische Industrie GmbH v. Lenhardt Maschinenbau GmbH, 173 AD2d 70, 73 [1st
Dept1991]). Here, Plaintiff has clearly failed to demonstrate that this Court can exercise personal
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jurisdiction over Defendant Spitale and thus his claims against Defendant Spitale are
DISSMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
V. The City of New York
Defendant City of New York argues the claims should be dismissed for various reasons. First,
a Notice of Claim was not filed in this action. It is well settled that a notice of claim is a condition
precedent to filing this action against the City (see GML § 50-c; Davidson v Bronx Mun. Hosp.,
64 NY2d 59 [1984]). The City of New York argues that notwithstanding defect in Notice of Claim,
the claims are otherwise time barred as they were required to be raised within one year and ninety
days of the alleged course of conduct that gave rise to the complaint. (See General Municipal Law
§ 50-i; CPLR § 217-a). This Court agrees as none of the causes of action occurred within the time
frame set by the General Municipal Law. Specifically, the alleged conduct at issue occurred
between 2013 and 2015 and this action was commenced in 2024.
Further, as with the claims against the other defendants, to the extent they can be
comprehended, plaintiffs claims against the City are "fanciful" and "factually frivolous, even
when liberally construed," and thus fail to set forth any cognizable claim. Because the complaint
does not set forth any legal theory nor alleges facts in support of a legal theory it must be dismissed
(see Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Sts. v Long Is. Jewish Med. Ctr., 213 AD3d 630 [2d
Dept 2023]).
Moreover, to the extent these claims are predicated upon the same series of transactions and
occurrences that formed the basis of a prior complaint previously brought by plaintiff in federal
court they are dismissed on the ground of rcsjudicata (See Simmons v Trans Express Inc., 37 NY3d
107 [2021 ]).
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Accordingly, the claims against the City of New York are DISSMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE.
VI. Plaintiff is Enjoined from Further Filings Against the Parties in this Action and their Counsel Absent Leave of this Court
"Public policy generally mandates free and open access to the courts ... such right; however,
is not unlimited and may be curtained in appropriate circumstances." (Jordan v Yardeny, 35
Misc3d 1214[A][Sup Ct, Queens County 2012] ajf'd 117 AD3d 945 [2d Dept 2914]). Here, the
Plaintiff has engaged in nothing short of a years-long meritless campaign of judicial abuse against
the above-named Defendants. This conduct has included suing multiple attorneys representing
adversaries; indeed, at oral arguments it was undisputed that during the pendency of these motion
sequences Plaintiff brought action against the assigned corporation counsel requiring the City to
have another attorney stand-in for arguments. Plaintiff has flagrantly engaged in forum shopping
as is evident by his attempt to raise claims in various state and federal courts - all of which have
been uniformly found to be meritless. Indeed, the Federal Court found it prudent to issue an
identical order restraining Plaintiff's ability to file claims absent leave of Court. This Court agrees
with our Federal counterpart and hereby enjoins Plaintiff from filing actions against any
Defendants in this action or their counsel of record, absent leave of Court (see Migadde v. Perm.
Mission of Republic of Uganda to UN, 224 A.D.3d 547, 547-48 [1st Dept 2024] [upholding trial
court's dismissal of pro se plaintiff's summary judgment motion where made six motions for the
same relief and failed to comply with court order to seek leave prior to filing any motion]; Caesar
v. HSBC Bank USA, NA, 200 AD3d 842 [2d Dept. 2021][affirming "the Supreme Court's
determination to enjoin the plaintiffs from commencing any further action that has any relation to
this matter without prior leave of the court."]). Accordingly, Defendants requests for an order
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enjoining future filing relating to this matter, these defendants, or their counsel absent leave of
Court is GRANTED.
VII. Plaintiff's Requests for a Temporary Restraining Order and Default Are Moot
In light of the global dismissal of the complaint's alleged causes of action, this Court's
determination on the Plaintiffs Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) and for Default are academic.
Further, the Plaintiff would have failed in seeking a TRO because, as is evident herein, he had no
chance at succeeding on the merits of these claims. (Leonard Lang, 1994 NYLJ LEXIS 3093, at
*5 [Sup Ct, Suffolk County 1994] ["The test for determining whether or not to grant a preliminary
injunction and temporary restraining order is well settled. The movant must show a likelihood of
ultimate success on the merits, that irreparable injury will result if the preliminary injunction and
temporary restraining order are denied and that a balancing of the equities favors the movant."]
citing Family Affair Ilaircutters, Inc. v Detling, 110 AD2d 745 [2d Dept 1985]).
As to default, the City offered a reasonable excuse and a meritorious defense sufficiently to
resist default and to succeed in seeking to have their untimely Answer accepted (see CPLR 2004,
2005, 3012[d]; Venezia v City of New York, 280 AD2d 406 [l5t Dept 2001]). Here, the Court does
not reach this issue in light of its mooted nature, but it would have granted the City's request and
denied Plaintiffs request for default in light of both this State's compelling policy to resolve issues
on their merits and given the lack of prejudice to Plaintiff by permitting the filing of the Answer.
Accordingly, Plaintiffs requests for a TRO and Default against the City are DENIED.
CONCLUSION
Plaintiff has come to this Court with nothing short of an unintelligible conspiracy theory -
not a cause of action. Based on the foregoing, it is hereby:
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ORDERED, that Plaintiffs Complaint (NYSCEF Doc. No. 2) is DISMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE IN ITS ENTIRETY; and it is further
ORDERED, that Plaintiff is hereby ENJOINED from filing future actions in this forum
against any of the above-named Defendants or their counsel absent leave of this Court; and it is
further
ORDERED, that Plaintiffs requests for a Temporary Restraining Order and Default are
DENIED as moot and otherwise meritless; and it is further
ORDERED, that the County Clerk is directed to enter Judgment in favor of Defendants.
THIS CONSTITUTES A DECISION AND ORDER OF THIS COURT ON MOTION SEQUENCES 001, 002,
003, 004, 005 AND 006, AND A DISPOSITION OF TJIIS ACTION. HON. ARIEL D. C~Eff ~
2/,24/2025 DATE /,L ARIEL D. CHESLER, J.S.C. f/l---
§ ~ CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED NON-FINAL DISPOSITION
GRANTED □ DENIED GRANTED IN PART 0 OTHER
APPLICATION: SETTLE ORDER SUBMIT ORDER
CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT □ REFERENCE
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