Kissinger v. Kissinger

692 P.2d 71
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedDecember 7, 1984
Docket59092
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 692 P.2d 71 (Kissinger v. Kissinger) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kissinger v. Kissinger, 692 P.2d 71 (Okla. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinions

[73]*73BRIGHTMIRE, Judge.

The woman obtained a divorce in 1979 after nearly twelve years of marriage and gained custody of the couple’s two minor children. The present controversy began when the man asked that the decree be modified by granting him custody of the older child. This triggered a request by the woman for a child support arrearage judgment. The man denied he was in arrears by reason of an earlier agreement with the woman to pay less than that ordered by the court and contended she should be estopped from enforcing the de-cretal order — a defense the trial court rejected.

The man succeeded in obtaining the custody he sought, but he is unhappy about a further order requiring him to continue paying child support and about an arrear-age judgment rendered against him. The woman, on the other hand, is satisfied with all of the July 19,1982, decisions except the denial of her request for an order requiring the man to pay attorney fees.1 Both appeal.

I

The man’s first assignment of error is framed thus: the woman “waived her right to enforce the total child support award made in ... [the] Decree ... and should be estopped from enforcing that provision. ...”

Factual conclusions offered by the man in support of his legal conclusion are: (1) the woman’s acceptance of “the [reduced] monthly payments, without complaint throughout the years ... lulled him into inaction” with regard to attempting to obtain a modification of the decree; (2) the “parties had an oral agreement to reduce child support” and “[p]ayments at the agreed-upon reduced rate were made regularly”; (3) the woman accepted, acquiesced in, and waived her right to enforce the child support decree.

The man’s thesis is undergirded with cases from Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, California and New York.2

Before undertaking to determine the law of this state regarding the arrearage issue, it would be helpful to examine the relevant evidence in some detail.

The man testified, “We discussed the fact that with all the bills that I was having to pay, that I could not manage to pay a hundred and fifty dollars a month per child [as ordered] and continue to pay all the other bills that I was to pay, plus have money for my own living expenses.... I offered that I could pay a hundred dollars a month for each child.... She agreed to it at that time.”

This was in the fall of 1979. He then began paying only $200 per month. In October 1981, the older child started living with the man. Shortly after this the man commenced paying only $100 a month.

The woman confirmed that she and the man discussed the child support problem in 1979 and after that she began receiving only $200 a month until shortly after the oldest child began to live with his father, at which time the man started paying only $100 a month. She acknowledged being aware of the financial difficulties experienced by the man at that time due largely to having to liquidate heavy jointly-incurred indebtedness.

“Did you agree with him that he could make $200 a month payments?” she was asked.

[74]*74“I really didn’t have any choice,” she answered. “He said he couldn’t, and he wouldn’t. And I told him that I expected that at some point that he could make it, to you know, go by what was agreed upon.... I didn’t say yes, Steve, it’s okay if you always do this. But I had no choice.... ”

She also told of a second conversation on the same subject in November or December 1979. “I had told him that Richard [her friend] at that time was going to share a home with us. And that because of that, to help Steve [the man] out because he did take [on] a lot of bills, I felt that it was not necessary for him to continue paying the house payment for a year. And [I] felt like that might be able to alleviate some of the pressure of, you know, of his financial problems at that time.”

“And so from that point forward, you were relieving him of that [$335 house] payment?”

“That’s right,” she responded.

She explained that she was working in real estate and added, “So obviously, I wanted to help in any way I could.” She said she even undertook to pay off “any clothing charge accounts that I had. Anything that I incurred myself.”

The woman recalled yet a third conversation about October 1981 when young Steve went to live with his father. She said she had not confronted the man with the subject of resuming full payment of the court-set child support since agreeing to the reduction and she felt like it was a good time to request its resumption with regard to the child remaining in her custody.

Finally, the woman clarified a couple of other points with reference to the matter. Her acceptance of the reduced child support payment was for an indefinite period and there was no agreement that he would later pay the amount of reduction as ar-rearage. And while she said she “would have assumed that he would have made some offer to ... pay the arrearage,” she did accept the reduced amount “as full payment” up until the older boy began to live with his father.

II

There appears to be no decision in this state precisely dealing with the first issue raised by the man, though the high court has lately considered a related one and developed some helpful functional principles in McNeal v. Robinson, 628 P.2d 358 (Okla.1981). It has been established, of course, that unpaid court ordered child support becomes a debt created by law and a legal action is maintainable in any court of competent jurisdiction to reduce such ar-rearage to judgment. Turk v. Coryell, 419 P.2d 555 (Okla.1966). It has also been held that a child support order may not be modified retrospectively. Catlett v. Catlett, 412 P.2d 942 (Okla.1966). Relief from a support order can, however, be granted the non-custodial parent if to deny it would be inequitable according to McNeal. So the narrow question here is this: would it be inequitable to require the man to pay the arrearage sought by the woman if she previously waived her right to recover it by agreeing to accept a lesser amount?

The thrust of McNeal appears to align Oklahoma with a majority of American jurisdictions and England which observe the general rule that in proceedings to enforce an order for child support various defenses are available to the obligor such as laches, estoppel, waiver, acquiescence, release or agreement. Headley v. Headley, 277 Ala. 464, 172 So.2d 29 (1964); Pence v. Pence, 223 Ark. 782, 268 S.W.2d 609 (1954); Carson v. Carson, 179 Cal.App.2d 665, 4 Cal.Rptr. 38 (1960); Tescher v. Tescher, 491 P.2d 82 (Colo.Ct.App.1971); Frazier v. Rainey, 227 Ga. 350, 180 S.E.2d 725 (1971); Andersen v. Andersen, 89 Idaho 551, 407 P.2d 304 (1965); Johnson v. Johnson, 26 Ill.App.3d 64, 324 N.E.2d 450 (1975); McKee v. McKee, 154 Kan. 340, 118 P.2d 544 (1941); Sonenfeld v. Sonenfeld, 331 Mich. 60, 49 N.W.2d 60 (1951); Cote v. Cote, 94 N.H.

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Kissinger v. Kissinger
692 P.2d 71 (Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma, 1984)

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692 P.2d 71, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kissinger-v-kissinger-oklacivapp-1984.