Kevin Wayne Hogle v. Stephanie Nicole Hogle

• Court: Court of Appeals of Kentucky
• Decided: February 21, 2025
• Docket: 2024-CA-0731
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

RENDERED: FEBRUARY 21, 2025; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2024-CA-0731-ME

KEVIN WAYNE HOGLE APPELLANT

APPEAL FROM KENTON CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE THOMAS A. RAUF, JUDGE ACTION NO. 24-D-00205-001

STEPHANIE NICOLE HOGLE APPELLEE

OPINION AFFIRMING

** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: COMBS, A. JONES, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.

MCNEILL, JUDGE: Kevin Hogle appeals from a domestic violence order (DVO)

entered on behalf of his spouse, Stephanie Nicole Hogle (Nicole), by the Kenton

Family Court. After careful review, we affirm.

Factual and Procedural Background

The parties were married in 2014 and have one minor child in

common, R.L.H. In early 2023, the marriage began to sour and the acrimony

culminated on December 24, 2023. Kevin was out drinking at a bar and returned to the marital home at approximately 1:00 a.m., intoxicated. Nicole was in her

bedroom; R.L.H. and Nicole’s minor son from a previous marriage, J.S.,1 were still

awake. Kevin brought food from Taco Bell and the children began to argue over

who would eat the food. Nicole testified she heard voices being raised from Kevin

and the children, which turned into yelling. She went into the living room and told

J.S. to stop talking to Kevin, but the yelling continued. Kevin then grabbed and

flipped the sofa over while J.S. was lying on it. In doing so, the sofa hit Nicole in

the face and knocked her over. Nicole testified the sofa landed over J.S. “like a

teepee” and he was not injured, but that she did sustain minor injuries. Once

Nicole stood back up, she pushed Kevin, who stated that he did not mean to hurt

her. Nicole called the police, but Kevin left before they arrived. He was arrested

later that night and charged with assault, 4th-degree domestic violence minor

injury. The next day, Kevin told Nicole that he wanted her and the children out of

the home.

Nicole filed a petition for dissolution in January 2024. In early April

2024, Nicole spoke with a neighbor, who informed her that Kevin had hired a

private investigator (PI) to follow Nicole when she took a trip to Colorado in

February 2024. Nicole also learned that Kevin had been sending text messages to

1 Pseudonym initials are used for Nicole’s child from a prior relationship. Only his first name appears in the record before us.

-2- R.L.H. inquiring regarding her whereabouts and had asked the child to use the

“Find My” friends feature on his cellular telephone to screenshot Nicole’s location.

Nicole filed a petition for a protective order on May 6, 2024, in which she cited the

sofa incident, the surveillance when she went to Colorado, and the text messages

with R.L.H.2 An emergency protective order was issued and the evidentiary

hearing for the DVO was scheduled for May 15, 2024.

Although the dissolution action was assigned to Division 5 of the

Kenton Family Court, the DVO was assigned to Division 6. At the outset of the

DVO hearing, Kevin asked to have the matter transferred to the same division as

the dissolution. Nicole objected because she wanted to go through with the DVO

hearing that day and argued the parties had not yet been before Division 5 for any

reason. Judge Thomas Rauf, Division 6, declined to transfer the DVO and stated

that he could have the dissolution transferred to Division 6 as well.3 Kevin also

argued that, in anticipation of having a continuance due to the transfer, he had not

asked his witnesses to attend. The family court stated from the bench that Kevin

had plenty of time to prepare his case, as he was served on May 8, 2024, and that

he should have arrived under the assumption that the matter would be going

2 Nicole did not seek a protective order on behalf of R.L.H. or J.S. 3 In his brief to this Court, Kevin states that, after the hearing, Division 5 refused to transfer the dissolution to Division 6. While Nicole does not necessarily dispute this, there is nothing in the record that indicates Division 5 refused to transfer the dissolution.

-3- forward as scheduled. The court did move the case to the end of the docket, which

gave the parties several additional hours to prepare.

Both parties testified at the hearing. Nicole affirmed the facts in the

petition and gave background information on how the marriage was falling apart,

culminating on December 24, 2023. She also testified that Kevin had a problem

with alcohol in the past, but was sober from 2017-2020. However, once Kevin’s

friend moved into their neighborhood, Kevin began drinking again and was

intoxicated on the night of the sofa incident. Kevin testified that the sofa incident

was an accident and that he wanted only to “shellshock” J.S., not hurt Nicole. He

also testified that he sent text messages to R.L.H. questioning Nicole’s

whereabouts because he did not want R.LH. home alone for extended periods of

time. He testified he hired the PI to follow Nicole to Colorado because he was

concerned she was dissipating marital money and suspicious that she went to

Colorado with another man with whom she was romantically involved. Kevin’s

mother also testified that, on the day after the sofa incident, Nicole told her it was

an accident.

The family court entered a DVO on the standard form, AOC-275.3,

and also entered separate, additional findings of fact and conclusions of law. This

appeal followed. Further facts will be developed as necessary.

-4- Standard of Review

A family court may enter a DVO if it finds “by a preponderance of the

evidence that domestic violence and abuse has occurred and may again occur[.]”

KRS4 403.740(1). “The preponderance of the evidence standard is satisfied when

sufficient evidence establishes the alleged victim was more likely than not to have

been a victim of domestic violence.” Dunn v. Thacker, 546 S.W.3d 576, 580 (Ky.

App. 2018) (citing Baird v. Baird, 234 S.W.3d 385, 387 (Ky. App. 2007)). “[T]he

standard of review for factual determinations is whether the family court's finding

of domestic violence was clearly erroneous.” Dunn, 546 S.W.3d at 578 (citations

omitted). A family court’s findings are not clearly erroneous if they are “supported

by substantial evidence.” Moore v. Asente, 110 S.W.3d 336, 354 (Ky. 2003)

(citation omitted). Substantial evidence is that “which would permit a fact-finder

to reasonably find as it did.” Randall v. Stewart, 223 S.W.3d 121, 123 (Ky. App.

2007) (citation omitted).

Kevin also argues that the family court erred by not transferring the

matter to Division 5 of the Kenton Circuit Court. Generally, a court’s ruling on a

motion for a change of venue is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Arkk

Properties, LLC v. Cameron, 681 S.W.3d 133, 141 (Ky. 2023). “The test for abuse

of discretion is whether the trial judge’s decision was arbitrary, unreasonable,

4 Kentucky Revised Statutes.

-5- unfair, or unsupported by sound legal principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993

S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky. 1999) (citations omitted).

Analysis

Kevin makes two arguments on appeal. He claims the family court

erred because there was insufficient evidence to support entry of the DVO and that

the family court erred by not transferring the matter to Division 5 of the Kenton

Circuit Court. We disagree.

The family court found that Kevin’s flipping of the sofa was “certainly

an act of domestic violence” in which Nicole sustained physical injuries, and the

culmination of a pattern of behavior by Kevin. The family court also found that

the text messages from Kevin to R.L.H. from January-April 2024, to ascertain

Nicole’s whereabouts, in addition to Kevin’s use of a PI to surveil Nicole in

Colorado, were a means of coercive control that were proof that domestic violence

could occur again.

Kevin’s arguments turn, in large part, on his justifications for his

actions, which he claims have nothing to do with domestic violence. Clearly, the

family court did not believe his explanations.

It has long been held that the trier of fact has the right to believe the evidence presented by one litigant in preference to another. King v. McMillan, 293 Ky. 399, 169 S.W.2d 10 (1943). The trier of fact may believe any witness in whole or in part. Webb Transfer Lines, Inc. v. Taylor, Ky., 439 S.W.2d 88, 95 (1968).

-6- Commonwealth v. Anderson, 934 S.W.2d 276, 278 (Ky. 1996).

In other words, the family court was free to find Kevin’s testimony not

credible, which it obviously did. Accordingly, we discern no error.

Kevin also argues that “coercive control,” as found by the family court

in relation to: (1) the text messages to R.L.H. regarding Nicole’s whereabouts; and

(2) use of the PI, is not an element of domestic violence per statute, nor is it an

indicator that domestic violence may occur again. KRS 403.720 defines domestic

violence, in relevant part, as follows:

(2) “Domestic violence and abuse” means:

(a) Physical injury, serious physical injury, stalking, sexual abuse, strangulation, assault, or the infliction of fear of imminent physical injury, serious physical injury, sexual abuse, strangulation, or assault between family members or members of an unmarried couple[.]

While we agree that the words “coercive control” do not appear in the

statute, the United States Supreme Court has recognized that

“DOMESTIC Violence” is not merely a type of “violence”; it is a term of art encompassing acts that one might not characterize as “violent” in a nondomestic context . . . .

Minor uses of force may not constitute “violence” in the generic sense. . . . But an act of this nature is easy to describe as “domestic violence,” when the accumulation

-7- of such acts over time can subject one intimate partner to the other’s control.

United States v. Castleman, 572 U.S. 157, 165-66, 134 S. Ct. 1405, 1411-12, 188

L. Ed. 2d 426 (2014) (emphasis in original).

Moreover, the Kentucky Supreme Court has clarified that a court in

the Commonwealth may use

its judicial knowledge of common risk factors to evaluate whether domestic abuse may occur in the future, as required by the statutory standard. The predictive nature of the standard requires the family court to consider the totality of the circumstances and weigh the risk of future violence against issuing a protective order.

Pettingill v. Pettingill, 480 S.W.3d 920, 925 (Ky. 2015) (emphasis added).

In the case at bar, the family court considered the volatile nature of the

parties’ relationship leading up to the sofa-flipping incident, the incident itself, and

the subsequent surveilling of Nicole by Kevin through R.L.H. and the PI. The text

messages and use of a PI were cumulative acts by Kevin that indicated domestic

violence may occur again. Although Kevin argues extensively that the

surveillance does not amount to stalking, the family court did not make a finding

that the surveillance was stalking. It simply considered all incidents in its

consideration of whether domestic violence could occur again in the future. We

discern no error.

-8- Kevin also argues that, because the misdemeanor charges against him

were ultimately dismissed, this shows there was no injury to Nicole. To wit, Kevin

states that, “[t]he Commonwealth’s agreement to dismiss shows their belief they

could not prevail at trial because a lack of intent and lack of injury is [sic] fatal to

the criminal charge.” Appellant’s brief at 18-19. We are unpersuaded. Uniform

Local Criminal Rule of Kenton County (ULCr) I(A) states, in relevant part, that

“[a]ll persons charged in District Court with the commission of a misdemeanor or

violation shall be eligible for participation in the Diversion Program, as an

alternative to criminal prosecution, subject to the following conditions and

exceptions . . . .” (Emphasis added.) The fact that Kevin was granted the privilege

of diversion through the ULCr cannot be construed to indicate that the

Commonwealth lacked evidence, nor does it have any bearing on the family

court’s findings that domestic violence occurred and may occur again.

We now turn to Kevin’s argument that the family court should have

transferred the DVO to Division 5, where the petition for dissolution was pending.

[T]he General Assembly requires “[a]ny family member or member of an unmarried couple who files a petition for an emergency protective order in District or Circuit Court shall make known to the court any custody or divorce actions, involving both the petitioner and the respondent, that are pending in any Circuit Court in the Commonwealth.” KRS 403.725. If the court where the DVO was filed does not sua sponte transfer the matter, the parties can, and should, request the court to do so. This is in accord with the general purpose of having

-9- family courts. Wallace v. Wallace, 224 S.W.3d 587, 591 (Ky. App. 2007). “The ‘one judge, one family’ approach is a remedy to the fractionalization of family jurisdiction.” Id.

Patterson v. Winchester, 482 S.W.3d 792, 795-96 (Ky. App. 2016).

However, most of the published caselaw in Kentucky deals with

whether a DVO should be transferred to the same county as a pending custody or

dissolution action, not whether a DVO should be transferred to a different division

within the same county as a pending custody or dissolution action. See, e.g.,

Patterson, supra; Holt v. Holt, 458 S.W.3d 806 (Ky. App. 2015); Cottrell v.

Cottrell, 114 S.W.3d 257 (Ky. App. 2002). To that end, we look to the Kenton

County Family Local Rules of Practice (KCFLRP). KCFLRP 104.03, entitled

Assignment of Cases with Prior Contact provides, in relevant part, that

[a]t the time of filing of a complaint, petition or other initiating pleading, the Clerk of the Court shall review the Court’s records to determine whether the family involved has had any prior contact with the Kenton Family Court. If no contact is revealed, the case shall be assigned to a numerical division of the Kenton Family Court by random assignment, and scheduled for further proceedings in accordance with these rules. If prior contact is revealed, the case shall be assigned to the numerical division of the Kenton Family Court which issued the most recent order concerning the family. In the event there is only a Domestic Violence (D) case in the system, it shall never control for assignment[.]

(Emphasis added.)

-10- Nicole did indicate on her petition for an order of protection that the

parties had a divorce action pending in the Kenton Family Court. Although the

dissolution had been assigned to Division 5, the case was still in its very early

stages and the parties had not yet been before the court, nor had Division 5 entered

any orders regarding the parties. It is unclear from the record before us the reason

the clerk assigned the DVO to Division 6 and not Division 5. Regardless,

Appendix B (III) of the KCFLRP also states, in relevant part that

E. Cases may be reassigned or transferred between courts if it is determined that there are other actions pending or circumstances indicate that review by the other court is proper. KRS 403.725, KRS 456.030. If reassignment or transfer occurs, the issuing judge shall re-issue a summons until the matter may be heard by the receiving judge.

In other words, according to the KCFLRP, transfer of the DVO from

Division 6 to Division 5 was not mandatory, given the dissolution was still in its

earliest stages (i.e., it had not proceeded past Kevin’s filing an answer to the

petition). This is in accordance with Kentucky caselaw because the DVO was the

first order entered in the Kenton Family Court between the parties, which means

no fractionalization of jurisdiction occurred. Patterson, 482 S.W.3d at 796.

-11- Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, the DVO and accompanying Findings of

Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Order of the Kenton Family Court is affirmed.

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Kevin J. Moser Justin Whittaker Florence, Kentucky Cincinnati, Ohio

-12-