Kevin Ryan Mosley v. Tennessee Board of Paroles

• Court: Court of Appeals of Tennessee
• Decided: November 1, 1996
• Docket: 01A01-9604-CH-00162
• Status: Published

Opinion

KEVIN RYAN MOSLEY, ) ) Petitioner/Appellant, ) ) Appeal No. ) 01-A-01-9604-CH-00162 VS. ) ) Davidson Chancery ) No. 95-3185-I TENNESSEE BOARD OF PAROLES, ) et al.,

Respondent/Appellee. ) ) ) FILED November 1, 1996 COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE Cecil W. Crowson MIDDLE SECTION AT NASHVILLE Appellate Court Clerk

APPEALED FROM THE CHANCERY COURT OF DAVIDSON COUNTY AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE

THE HONORABLE IRVIN H. KILCREASE, JR., CHANCELLOR

KEVIN RYAN MOSLEY N.C.S.C. 134663 7466 Centennial Boulevard Nashville, Tennessee 37209-1052 Pro Se/Petitioner/Appellant

CHARLES W. BURSON Attorney General and Reporter

PATRICIA C. KUSSMANN Assistant Attorney General 404 James Robertson Parkway Suite 2000 Nashville, Tennessee 37243 Attorney for Respondent/Appellee

AFFIRMED AND REMANDED

BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE

CONCUR: TODD, P.J., M.S. KOCH, J. OPINION

Kevin Mosley, a prisoner in the custody of the Department of Correction,

was twice considered for parole. On each occasion the Parole Board declined to

release him, citing as its reason the seriousness of his offense. Mr. Mosley filed a

Petition for Certiorari with the Chancery Court of Davidson County, contending that

he was entitled to a more definite statement of the Parole Board’s reasons. The

prisoner also argued that the Board erred in failing to consider the results of a

psychological study it had ordered. The Chancery Court dismissed the petition. We

affirm the trial court.

I.

The appellant was convicted of burglary and aggravated robbery and

was sentenced to fifteen years, with eligibility for parole after he had served 30% of

his sentence. On May 19, 1993 he was granted his first parole hearing. The Board

of Paroles denied him parole because of the seriousness of his offense, and

scheduled the next parole hearing for May 1995. However, in May 1995 the Board

continued the hearing in order to obtain a psychological evaluation of the prisoner.

According to Mr. Mosley, he has been a model prisoner, and he had

been told that a positive prognosis by the psychologist would be the decisive factor

as to the grant or denial of parole. The Board-appointed examining psychologist

allegedly determined that no further psychological counseling was needed in order for

him to be released on parole. However on September 15, 1995, the Board denied

him parole. Apparently the Board used the standard form to report its action, simply

entering the initials “SO” on the form to indicate that the reason for declining Mr.

Mosley was the seriousness of his offense.

-2- Mr. Mosley submitted a Petition for Certiorari to the Chancery Court of

Davidson County, arguing that the Board of Paroles had denied him due process, and

had acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner by using a boilerplate reason to deny

him parole without offering any further explanation, and by ignoring the results of the

psychological evaluation that the Board itself had ordered. The Chancery Court

dismissed the petition for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

This appeal followed.

II.

We begin, as we must, with the observation that the avenues of redress

available to a prisoner who believes that the Board of Paroles has erred in declining

to grant him parole are very limited.

The United States Supreme Court has ruled that a prisoner has no right

under the United States Constitution to be released on parole prior to the expiration

of a valid sentence. Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correction

Complex, 442 U.S. 1, 99 S.Ct. 2100, 2104, 60 L.Ed.2d 668 (1979) (Marshall J.,

dissenting). The Tennessee parole statute, Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-503(b) states

in part that “[r]elease on parole is a privilege and not a right.”

In Tennessee, the grant of parole is a discretionary matter vested

exclusively in the Board of Paroles. Doyle v. Hampton, 207 Tenn. 399, 340 S.W.2d

891 (1960). Also, decisions of the Board of Paroles, unlike those of most other

administrative agencies, are not subject to judicial review under the Administrative

Procedures Act. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 4-5-106(c).

However we have previously held that the Board of Paroles is not totally

immune from judicial scrutiny. See Powell v. Parole Eligibility Review Board, 879

-3- S.W.2d 871 (Tenn.App. 1994). While the intrinsic correctness of the Board’s

decisions is beyond the scope of judicial review, a Writ of Certiorari gives the court the

right of inquiry into the question of whether the Board is exceeding its authority, or is

acting illegally, fraudulently or arbitrarily. 879 S.W.2d at 873.

III.

The appellant has submitted a well-written pro-se brief in which he

correctly acknowledges the inherent limitations of any challenge to the actions of the

Board of Paroles. However, he insists that his rights to due process entitle him to

receive a more definite statement of the reasons for the parole board’s decision to

decline to grant him parole, and of the evidence the board relied upon.

In support of this proposition, Mr. Mosley cites numerous cases from

different federal jurisdictions, where the courts have said that such a statement was

a component of minimum due process in parole decisions. All of the cases cited by

Mr. Mosley precede the Greenholtz case, supra, which established that

determinations concerning release on parole do not directly implicate any due process

rights under the United States Constitution, but are matters properly to be decided on

the basis of the law of the jurisdiction in which they arise. No cases are cited which

address the question of whether a petitioner is entitled to such relief under Tennessee

law.

For example, the appellant quotes extensively from Wagner v. Gilligan,

425 F.Supp. 1320 (1979), an opinion involving the Ohio parole statutes. A portion of

the quoted language is reproduced below:

“It is obvious that the Authority’s standardized reasons for denying parole provides no means by which the inmate or a reviewing body can ascertain whether the Authority’s decision was rationally based on correct facts or any facts peculiar to the inmate. . . . The Court finds that the Authority must

-4- provide each inmate with the grounds for denial of his parole and the essential facts from which the Authority drew the inferences that led to its decision.”

425 F.Supp at 1325.

However the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the Ohio District

Court’s decision, in accordance with the Greenholtz opinion, supra, which was issued

while Wagner v. Gilligan was on appeal. See Wagner v. Gilligan, 609 F.2d 867

(1979). Mr. Mosley insists, however, that only some aspects of the District Court’s

opinion were reversed by the Sixth Circuit, and that “a fair reading of Greenholtz, infra,

does not hold that the parole board may deny parole simply on no reason, or by

simply checking a form and stating that parole has been denied.”

We believe, however, that the Sixth Circuit issued a blanket reversal of

the lower court’s holdings in Wagner v. Gilligan, and we do not see anything in

Greenholtz that prevents a State from allowing its parole board to notify an inmate of

its actions by checking a box or entering a few characters into a pre-printed form to

indicate its reason for declining parole.

The Greenholtz court determined that the creation of a system of parole

does not create a constitutionally protected liberty interest in early release on the

basis of an inmate’s hope or expectation of parole, unless the parole statute is drafted

in such a way as to give rise to such an interest. Due process rights in parole

determination proceedings are likewise derived from the parole statutes and rules

themselves, and not directly from the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United

States Constitution.

Having identified the source of any rights the Nebraska prisoners might

have had in relation to parole decisions, the High Court proceeded to examine the

argument that the inmates had been deprived of due process, in light of Nebraska’s

-5- parole statute. The Court found that the statute, as drafted, did create an expectancy

of release that was entitled to some measure of constitutional protection, but also

concluded that :

“[W]e find nothing in the due process concepts as they have thus far evolved that requires the Parole Board to specify the particular ‘evidence’ in the inmate’s file or at his interview on which it rests the discretionary determination that an inmate is not ready for conditional release. . . . To require the parole authority to provide a summary of the evidence would tend to convert the process into an adversary proceeding and to equate the Board’s parole release determination with a guilt determination. . . .”

442 U.S. at 15-16, 99 S.Ct. at 2108, 60 L.Ed.2d at 680-81.

IV.

Of course, the Supreme Court’s interpretation of Nebraska law does not

relieve us of the obligation to determine whether Mr. Mosley has received all the

process to which he is entitled under Tennessee law. However we must first note that

our courts have determined that current Tennessee law does not create a protected

liberty interest in parole. Wright v. Trammel, 810 F.2d 589 (6th Cir. 1987), Wells v.

Board of Paroles, 909 S.W.2d 826 (Tenn. App. 1995).

Secondly, the Board of Paroles is statutorily authorized to deny parole

if release would depreciate the seriousness of the offense. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-

503. The Board has accordingly incorporated this provision into its criteria for granting

or declining parole. Rules of the Board of Paroles No. 1100-1-1-.06(3)(b).

Although we have no way of knowing on the basis of this record the

details of Mr. Mosley’s offenses, it would be belaboring the obvious to state that

aggravated robbery and burglary are both serious offenses. We also find nothing

troubling in the concept that the Board might use that same reason to decline parole

twice in succession, even though paroling a prisoner after his second hearing might

-6- depreciate the seriousness of his offense less than paroling him at the first opportunity

would.

As for Mr. Mosely’s argument that without a more definite statement of

the reasons for decline, he has no way of knowing how to conform his conduct to the

requirements of the Board, we can only conclude that if he is indeed a model prisoner

he already knows what is required, but that the passage of additional time may also

be necessary, in order not to minimize the gravity of his crimes.

V.

Mr. Mosely also objects to the apparent failure of the Parole Board to

give consideration to the favorable report of the psychologist regarding his mental

state. The psychologist’s report is not found in the record. However, even granting

that it is as favorable as Mr. Mosley reports it to be, we believe the Board should be

able to consult a psychologist or psychiatrist for assistance in determining the

appropriateness of parole in a particular case, without surrendering its own power of

decision to that consultant.

VI.

Mr. Mosley has failed to make a sufficient showing to enable us to

conclude that the Board acted arbitrarily, fraudulently or illegally in declining him

parole. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Remand this cause to the

Chancery Court of Davidson County for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion. Tax the costs on appeal to the appellant.

_____________________________

-7- BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE

CONCUR:

_______________________________ HENRY F. TODD, PRESIDING JUDGE MIDDLE SECTION

_______________________________ WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE

-8-