Kernan v. Fairfax County Water Authority

70 Va. Cir. 212, 2006 Va. Cir. LEXIS 34
CourtFairfax County Circuit Court
DecidedFebruary 14, 2006
DocketCL-2005-002823
StatusPublished

This text of 70 Va. Cir. 212 (Kernan v. Fairfax County Water Authority) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Fairfax County Circuit Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kernan v. Fairfax County Water Authority, 70 Va. Cir. 212, 2006 Va. Cir. LEXIS 34 (Va. Super. Ct. 2006).

Opinion

BY JUDGE DENNIS J. SMITH

This case came before the court on Fairfax County Water Authority’s (“FCWA”) Demurrer and Plea in Bar to Plaintiff’s Motion for Declaratory Judgment. The Plaintiffs are properly owners in Fairfax County, who are challenging FCWA’s construction of a water main that will connect their property to Fairfax County’s main surface water system. The Plaintiffs have alleged that the resulting connection of the water main will raise their water rates by an estimated 30% or more. The Plaintiffs argue that the water main extension is not part of the Comprehensive Plan adopted by Fairfax County, and, therefore, under Virginia Code § 15.2-2232, the extension of the water main must be submitted to the Fairfax County Planning Commission for approval. They contend that, since FCWA did not obtain such approval, its construction of the water main is an ultra vires act by a governmental entity.

[213]*213The Demurrer asserts three alleged deficiencies: (1) the Plaintiffs have no private right of action to enforce Fairfax County’s Comprehensive Plan and, therefore, lack standing to bring this action; (2) a request for a declaratory judgment is improper as it will not guide the parties’ future actions but seeks an advisory opinion regarding construction that has already occurred; (3) the project at issue, construction of a water main connection, does not have to be submitted to the Planning Commission for approval because it is consistent with the 1993 Water Facilities Agreement, which has been incorporated into the Comprehensive Plan. The Plea in Bar asks the Court to dismiss the action because, under the Comprehensive Plan and the 1993 Water Facilities Agreement, the project does not need Planning Commission approval as a matter of law.

FCWA’s position is that, under Virginia Code § 15.2-2232, “normal service extensions” do not require approval from the local planning commission. They assert that, in the 1993 Water Facilities Agreement with FCWA, Fairfax County defined the extension of pipelines less than sixteen inches in diameter as “normal service extensions.” The water main at issue in this case is less than twelve inches in diameter. The Plaintiffs respond that Fairfax County and FCWA do not have the authority to interpret Virginia Code § 15.2-2232 in this manner and that, even if they do, this interpretation is arbitrary and, therefore, invalid.

With regard to the challenge to standing, which is raised both by the Demurrer and Plea in Bar, Virginia law allows taxpayers to bring suit to restrain the government from acting ultra vires. See Gordon v. Board of Supervisors, 207 Va. 827, 153 S.E.2d 270 (1967). In addition, government action may be challenged as arbitrary and capricious when those challenging the government action have an immediate, pecuniary, and direct interest in the subject matter of the litigation and suffer a burden different from the burden imposed upon the public generally. Nicholas v. Lawrence, 161 Va. 589, 593, 171 S.E. 673 (1933); Virginia Beach Beautification Comm’n, 231 Va. 415, 419, 344 S.E.2d 899 (1986); Board of Supervisors v. Southland Corp., 224 Va. 514, 523, 297 S.E.2d 718 (1982). While the court accepts that the plaintiffs have an immediate, pecuniary, and direct interest in the extension at issue, the court is not persuaded by the evidence presented that the ratepayers in this suit suffer a different burden than the public generally as there was no evidence presented to show that their rates are higher than any other ratepayers. Accordingly, their standing is dependent upon their establishing that actions of the county and FCWA are ultra vires.

[214]*214Virginia Code §§ 15.2-2223 and 2232(A) grant Fairfax County the authority to adopt a Comprehensive Plan as part of its zoning authority and it has done so. Once the Comprehensive Plan is adopted, it controls “the general or approximate location, character, and extent of each feature shown on the plan.” Virginia Code § 15.2-2223. The Virginia Code further provides that a public utility facility or public service corporation facility not shown on the adopted master plan shall not be “constructed, established, or authorized, unless and until the general location or approximate location, character, and extent thereof has been submitted to and approved by the [local planning] commission as being substantially in accord with the adopted comprehensive plan or part thereof.” Virginia Code § 2232(A). No local planning commission approval is required, however, for “paving, repair, reconstruction, improvement, drainage, or similar work and normal service extensions of public utilities or public service corporations... unless involving a change in location or extent of a street or public area.” Virginia Code § 15.2-2232(C) (emphasis added).

It is noteworthy that the Code does not itself define “normal service extensions.” It can, therefore, be inferred that the General Assembly left it to the locality to define that term for its local planning process in accordance with existing local conditions. See Board of Supervisors v. Land Co., 204 Va. 380, 131 S.E.2d 290 (1963). Furthermore, “[u]nder the usual and elementary rules of construction, the language of a statute must be construed so as to give that language some meaning where it is possible to do so, without doing violence to the clear intent and purpose of the enactment.” City of Richmond v. Grand Lodge, 162 Va. 471, 174 S.E. 846 (1934). If the court were to adopt the construction urged by Plaintiffs, it would be holding that the General Assembly created an exception allowing the county to bypass the local planning commission process while still requiring the county to hold a hearing in each individual case to determine if the omission of the hearing is appropriate. This would render the exception virtually, if not literally, meaningless. While this statutory scheme is not an express grant of authority, localities have:

powers which are expressly granted by the state legislature, those powers fairly or necessarily implied from expressly granted powers, and those powers which are essential and indispensable. Where the state legislature grants a local government the power to do something but does not specifically direct the method of implementing that power, the choice made by the local [215]*215government as to how to implement the conferred power will be upheld as long as the method selected is reasonable. Any doubt in the reasonableness of the method selected is resolved in favor of the locality.

City of Virginia Beach v. Hay, 258 Va. 217, 221, 518 S.E.2d 314 (1999) (citations omitted).

The Court, therefore, concludes that the Virginia Code authorizes the county to establish criteria as to what constitutes a “normal service extension.” The County’s definition of the term “normal service extension” was incorporated into the Comprehensive Plan of Fairfax County, see Comprehensive Plan, Objective 30, Policy c, and is clearly a legislative act. As a legislative act, it is deemed reasonable if the matter at issue is fairly debatable.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Norton v. City of Danville
602 S.E.2d 126 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2004)
City of Virginia Beach v. Hay
518 S.E.2d 314 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1999)
Board of Supervisors v. Snell Construction Corp.
202 S.E.2d 889 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1974)
Nicholas v. Lawrence
171 S.E. 673 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1933)
Board of Supervisors v. Georgetown Land Co.
131 S.E.2d 290 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1963)
BOARD OF SUP'RS, ETC. v. Southland Corp.
297 S.E.2d 718 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1982)
Virginia Beach Beautification Commission v. Board of Zoning Appeals
344 S.E.2d 899 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1986)
BOARD OF SUP'RS OF FAIRFAX CTY. v. Williams
216 S.E.2d 33 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1975)
City of Richmond v. Grand Lodge
174 S.E. 846 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1934)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
70 Va. Cir. 212, 2006 Va. Cir. LEXIS 34, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kernan-v-fairfax-county-water-authority-vaccfairfax-2006.