Kelvin Ray Steward v. State

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: November 19, 2003
• Docket: 12-03-00031-CR
• Status: Published

Opinion

NO. 12-03-00031-CR

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT

TYLER, TEXAS

KELVIN RAY STEWARD,

§ APPEAL FROM THE 173RD

APPELLANT

V.

§ JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

APPELLEE

§ HENDERSON COUNTY, TEXAS

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MEMORANDUM OPINION

Kelvin Ray Steward ("Appellant") appeals his conviction for aggravated robbery, for which he was sentenced to imprisonment for ninety years and fined ten thousand dollars. Appellant raises four issues on appeal. We affirm.

Background

Appellant was charged by indictment with aggravated robbery and pleaded "not guilty." ⁽¹⁾ The matter proceeded to trial. As he was qualifying the venire, the trial judge stated, "[T]he charge in this case is aggravated robbery habitual." Appellant offered no objection at this time. As Appellant's counsel was conducting her voir dire, a venire member inquired, "When you first started this when you were discussing this charge, was the term 'habitual' used?" Following the venire member's question, the trial judge stated as follows:

Ladies and gentlemen, I was reading from another matter. That's not a legal term. What counsel is asking you is this, and I think you can use an analogy if you want to, but we have to judge each case on its merits and its facts. Not dependent upon whatever happened in another matter. We have to judge each case upon its merits and its facts. Counsel is merely asking you whether or not you will be able to judge this case based upon its facts and its own merits.

The jury was empaneled. The trial court again instructed the jury with regard to its consideration of the case as follows:

I also want to tell you and remind you and instruct you with regard to the facts of the case: You're to decide the case based upon the facts of the case, and the facts of the case will be decided upon the evidence and the evidence is not what I have said, it's not what the lawyers have said. The facts of the case are from the witnesses and you're the sole and exclusive judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Even I as the judge am not permitted to influence your evaluation through words or actions during voir dire and during the course of the trial. So, if I've said anything that's not consistent with the facts that are produced in the case, the evidence produced in the case, you will wholly disregard that. ... .

Subsequently, the trial on the merits commenced.

Following the presentation of evidence by the State, both parties rested. Ultimately, the jury found Appellant guilty as charged and the matter proceeded to the issue of punishment. The State presented evidence on the issue of punishment, and thereafter, both parties rested and proceeded to jury argument. During Appellant's closing argument, in response to the State's plea for law enforcement, Appellant's counsel stated, "I would like for you to understand this trial is not about sending a message. This trial is about Kelvin Steward and what is the appropriate punishment for what he did."

In rebuttal, the prosecuting attorney responded as follows:

I want to talk to you a ... little bit about messages. Ms. Perkins said the purpose of a trial isn't to send a message. I want you to think about what kind of message it's going to send if you-all give him a low sentence. Ladies and gentlemen, your verdict in this case is going to send a message whether you want it to, whether I want it to, whether the Defendant wants it to. It's going to send one. You don't think it's going to be in the paper.

Appellant objected to the prosecuting attorney's statement and the trial court sustained his objection. Appellant did not, however, ask for a curative instruction and a mistrial.

Following its deliberations, the jury recommended Appellant be sentenced to imprisonment for ninety years and fined ten thousand dollars. The trial court assessed Appellant's punishment accordingly and this appeal followed.

Comment on the Weight of the Evidence

In issue one, Appellant argues that the trial court erred in telling the venire that Appellant was charged as a habitual offender. Specifically, Appellant contends that by stating to the venire that the charge is "aggravated robbery habitual[,]" the trial court introduced the subject of prior convictions to the jury.

As a prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must show that the complaint was made to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion and that the trial court ruled on the request, objection, or motion either expressly or implicitly; or refused to rule on the request, objection, or motion, and the complaining party objected to the court's refusal to rule. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a); Hoang v. State, 997 S.W.2d 678, 680 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 1999, no pet.) (contention that the trial court committed reversible error by commenting on the weight of the evidence was waived on appeal by the appellant's failure to object at trial). In the instant case, Appellant failed to object to the trial court's statement to the venire that Appellant was charged with "aggravated robbery habitual." Therefore, we hold that Appellant has waived the issue. Appellant's issue one is overruled.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

In issues two and three, Appellant argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The proper standard by which to gauge the adequacy of representation by counsel is articulated in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 674 (1984). See also Hernandez v. State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). The test set forth in Strickland requires a two-step analysis:

• Did the attorney's performance fail to constitute "reasonably effective assistance,"

i.e., did the defense attorney's representation fall below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms?

If so, was there a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings could have been different?

See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. The test in Strickland is properly applied to the punishment phase of a non-capital case as well. See Hernandez, 988 S.W.2d at 772.

In any case considering the issue of ineffective assistance of counsel, we begin with the strong presumption that counsel was effective. See Jackson v. State, 877 S.W.2d 768, 771 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994). We must presume counsel's actions and decisions were reasonably professional and were motivated by sound trial strategy. See id. Appellant has the burden of rebutting this presumption by presenting evidence illustrating why his trial counsel did what he did. See id. Appellant cannot meet this burden if the record does not affirmatively support the claim. See Jackson v. State, 973 S.W.2d 954, 955 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (inadequate record on direct appeal to evaluate whether trial counsel provided ineffective assistance); Phetvongkham v. State, 841 S.W.2d 928, 932 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1992, pet. ref'd, untimely filed) (inadequate record to evaluate ineffective assistance claim); see also Beck v. State, 976 S.W.2d 265, 266 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 1998, pet. ref'd) (inadequate record for ineffective assistance claim, citing numerous other cases with inadequate records to support ineffective assistance claim). A record that specifically focuses on the conduct of trial counsel is necessary for a proper evaluation of an ineffectiveness claim. See Kemp v. State, 892 S.W.2d 112, 115 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, pet. ref'd).

After proving error, the appellant must affirmatively prove prejudice. Id. The appellant must prove that his attorney's errors, judged by the totality of the representation and not by isolated instances of error, denied him a fair trial. Id. It is not enough for the appellant to show that the errors had some conceivable effect on the outcome of the proceedings. Id. He must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for his attorney's errors, the jury would have had a reasonable doubt about his guilt. Id.

Trial on the Merits

In issue two, Appellant contends that his trial counsel was ineffective because she limited her inquiry during voir dire to hypothetical questions related to whether potential jurors could remain impartial and consider the entire range of punishment in a situation where the evidence demonstrated that a person had been previously convicted and served time in prison. In support of his argument, Appellant cites Miles v. State, 644 S.W.2d 23 (Tex. App.-El Paso 1982, no pet.) and Doherty v. State, 781 S.W.2d 439 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1989, no pet.). Yet, unlike the facts in the instant case, in both Miles and Doherty, the appellant's trial counsel failed to direct any questions to the venire. See Miles, 644 S.W.2d at 24; Doherty, 781 S.W.2d at 441. In Miles, the court emphasized the limitation of its analysis to the facts before it, stating, "At times, a short examination may be a good strategy; it may even be very adequate. But, we know of no strategy which permits counsel to waive all questions to a jury panel." Miles, 655 S.W.2d at 24. Since here, Appellant's counsel did not wholly fail to question the venire, the instant case is distinguishable from the cases upon which Appellant relies.

In the case at hand, the record is silent as to the reasons Appellant's trial counsel chose the course she did. Thus, as to the alleged deficiencies in his trial counsel's performance, we hold that Appellant has not met the first prong of Strickland because the record does not contain evidence concerning Appellant's trial counsel's reasons for choosing the course she did. See Jackson, 973 S.W.2d at 955; Phetvongkham, 841 S.W.2d at 932; see also Beck, 976 S.W.2d at 266. Iterating the strong presumption that counsel was effective, absent evidence supporting the underlying rationale for the alleged shortcomings in her performance, we cannot conclude that Appellant's trial counsel was ineffective. Appellant's issue two is overruled.

Punishment

In issue three, Appellant contends that his trial counsel was ineffective because she failed to offer any evidence to the jury during the punishment phase. Appellant relies on Milburn v. State, 15 S.W.3d 267, 271 (Tex. App.-Houston 2000, pet. ref'd) and Moore v. State, 983 S.W.2d 15, 23 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, no pet.), arguing that a new punishment phase is required where there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's failure to present mitigating evidence, the defendant's sentence would have been less. However, as was the case in our analysis of Appellant's issue two, Appellant has not met the first prong of Strickland because the record does not contain evidence concerning Appellant's trial counsel's reasons for choosing the course she did.

Furthermore, even assuming arguendo that the Appellant's trial counsel's failure to put on mitigating evidence, as noted in Appellant's brief, satisfied the first prong of the Strickland test, Appellant must still affirmatively prove prejudice. See Burruss, 20 S.W.3d at 186. It is not enough for the appellant to merely show that the errors had some conceivable effect on the outcome of the proceedings. Id.

Despite repeated readings of Appellant's brief, we can uncover no argument addressing the second prong of the Strickland test. We iterate that the burden of proof as to this issue rests squarely upon Appellant. See Burruss, 20 S.W.3d at 186. As such, we will neither surmise nor devise our own conclusions absent some cogent argument on Appellant's behalf that but for his counsel's alleged unprofessional errors, there exists a reasonable probability that the result of the proceedings would have been different. Appellant's issue three is overruled.

Improper Prosecutorial Argument

In issue four, Appellant argues that the prosecuting attorney's argument related to the message the jury's verdict would invariably send is "clearly a comment that would improperly pressure and intimidate a juror to deliver a particular sentence" and falls outside the range of traditionally permitted pleas for law enforcement, injecting "new, harmful factors into the case." In order to properly preserve for appellate review a complaint about a prosecutor's argument to the jury, a defendant must do more than simply object. See Cook v. State, 858 S.W.2d 467, 473 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). At the trial court level, the defendant must have objected on specific grounds and obtained a ruling. See id. Then, if the objection is sustained, the defendant must request that the judge instruct the jury to disregard the complained-of argument. See id. If the trial judge honors the request and gives the instruction, the defendant must then move for a mistrial and secure a ruling on that motion. See id.

Although in the case at hand, Appellant did object to the prosecuting attorney's allegedly improper argument, he failed to both ask the trial court both for a curative instruction and move for a mistrial. Therefore, we hold that Appellant has not preserved the issue he now seeks to raise on appeal. ⁽²⁾ Appellant's issue four is overruled.

Conclusion

Having overruled Appellant's issues one, two, three, and four, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

JAMES T. WORTHEN

Chief Justice

Opinion delivered November 19, 2003.

Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J. and DeVasto, J.

(DO NOT PUBLISH)

1. Appellant's indictment contained two enhancement paragraphs alleging prior felony convictions for robbery and drug possession respectively.

2. As part of issue four, Appellant declares that his trial counsel's failure to request a curative instruction and move for mistrial amounted to ineffective assistance. However, as was the case in our analysis of Appellant's issue three, Appellant has again failed to address the second prong of the Strickland test and has, therefore, failed to meet his burden on the issue.