Kelsch, J. v. Kelsch, M.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: November 6, 2024
• Docket: 819 WDA 2024
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S39003-24

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

JOSEPH C. KELSCH II : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : MELISSA L. KELSCH : : Appellant : No. 819 WDA 2024

Appeal from the Order Entered June 18, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Clarion County Civil Division at No(s): 1038 CD 2020

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and NICHOLS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED: November 6, 2024

Appellant, Melissa Kelsch (“Mother”), appeals from the June 18, 20241

order entered in the Clarion County Court of Common Pleas denying her

petition to modify custody and ordering Appellee, Joseph Kelsch (“Father”), to

maintain primary physical custody of their 12-year-old child, J.C.K.2 (“Child”).

Mother asserts that the trial court abused its discretion because it failed to

consider the results of the custody evaluation, Child’s preference, and Child’s

relationship with his sister. Upon careful review, we affirm.

A.

We glean the relevant factual and procedural history from the trial court

opinion and the certified record. Mother and Father are parents of Child. Since ____________________________________________

1 The court issued the order on June 14, 2024, but it was docketed and served

on June 18, 2024.

2 Child was born in April of 2012. J-S39003-24

their divorce in 2020, they have been involved in a contentious custody

dispute, which has included numerous petitions to modify custody and for

contempt. Shortly after their divorce, Mother moved from the North Clarion

School District, where the family had resided for Child’s entire life, to the

Butler Area School District, approximately a one-hour drive away from

Father’s home. On March 16, 2022, the court awarded Father primary

physical custody of Child and Mother partial physical custody every other

weekend during the school year and every other week during summers. The

parties also have a 17-year-old child, A.M.K. (“Sister”), who resides with

Mother and does not have a relationship with Father.

On January 17, 2023, Mother filed a petition to modify custody seeking

primary custody of Child. As a result, the court ordered the parties to

participate in a custody evaluation conducted by Dr. Carolyn Menta, which the

parties completed in May 2023. The court also appointed Zachary Shekell,

Esq., guardian ad litem to advocate for Child’s position on primary custody.3

The parties proceeded to trial on March 5, 2024. At trial, several

witnesses testified, including Child, Dr. Menta, Child’s school principal, and

Father. Relevantly, when Attorney Shekell asked Child if he was happy with

the custody arrangement, he testified that “I think something should change.”

N.T. Trial, 3/5/24, at 10. Child then stated that he wanted “to try [] out” ____________________________________________

3 The court noted that the “parties agreed that [Child] would benefit from representation by independent legal counsel due to his difficulties in the past in expressing himself regarding his position on custody.” Trial Ct. Op., 6/18/24, at 2 (unpaginated).

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living with Mother and attending school in Butler “for at least two months”

during the next school year and return to North Clarion if he did not like it.4

Id. at 11. He further explained that Sister had encouraged him to try

attending school in Butler.

Dr. Menta then testified about the court-ordered custody evaluation she

conducted. Relevantly, she testified that Father was more concerned for

himself, while Mother was more concerned for Child. She explained that Child

was “very anxious[,]” “depressed,” and “had a hard time speaking up for

himself.” Id. at 36. Dr. Menta also testified that Child’s school records

indicated that his grades were worsening. Id. at 36. She noted Father was

“not nurturing” when interacting with Child and that Child was more “relaxed”

with Mother and Sister and more affectionate towards Mother than Father.

Id. at 37, 39-40, 43. Dr. Menta concluded that Child was not “thriving” with

Father and noted that he wanted a “trial period” to attend school in Butler.

Id. at 42-43. Her “primary reason” for recommending that the court award

primary physical custody to Mother “is that she presented as much more

nurturing towards” Child and could better meet his emotional needs. Id. at

45.

On cross-examination by Father’s counsel, Dr. Menta stated that she

was unaware of the details of prior contempt proceedings against Mother. She

____________________________________________

4 Attorney Shekell informed the court that Child’s testimony was consistent

with what he had told Attorney Shekell during their meetings. N.T. Trial at 69.

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acknowledged that she was unaware that Child’s grades had improved, but

that that would not change her opinion that Mother should have primary

physical custody. She also stated that Child was anxious about changing

schools. Lastly, in response to the court’s questioning, she explained that her

report was based on a “snapshot” of the parties and their relationship as it

was when she conducted the evaluation, between February and May 2023.

Id. at 68. She stated that she was “aware” of the history of the case, but it

was not her primary focus in the evaluation. Id.

Next, Keith Hastings, Child’s school principal, testified that Child has

“grades in the low 90s, high 80s,” and has a small group of friends. Id. at

102-103. Finally, Father testified that Mother has called the police “several”

times to perform welfare checks on him and Child when Father did not answer

her calls in a “short amount of time.” Id. at 121-122.

On June 18, 2024, the court ordered that Father would maintain primary

custody but granted Mother partial physical custody three out of every four

weekends during the school year and every other week during the summer.

Custody Order, 6/18/24, at ¶2(a)-(b).

B.

Mother timely appealed and filed a contemporaneous concise statement

of matters complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i). The

trial court relied on its June 18, 2024, Order and Opinion in lieu of a Rule

1925(a) opinion.

Mother raises one issue for our review:

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Did the [t]rial [c]ourt abuse its discretion by failing to grant [M]other primary physical custody of [Child]?

Mother’s Br. at 5.

C.

This Court reviews a custody determination for “an abuse of discretion,

and our scope of review is broad.” S.W.D. v. S.A.R., 96 A.3d 396, 400 (Pa.

Super. 2014). We will not find an abuse of discretion “merely because a

reviewing court would have reached a different conclusion.” In re K.D., 144

A.3d 145, 151 (Pa. Super. 2016). Furthermore, we must accept the findings

of the trial court that the evidence supports. S.W.D., 96 A.3d at 400.

Importantly, “[o]n issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we defer

to the findings of the trial judge who has had the opportunity to observe the

proceedings and demeanor of the witnesses.” K.T. v. L.S., 118 A.3d 1136,

1159 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted). We can interfere only where the

“custody order is manifestly unreasonable as shown by the evidence of

record.” Saintz v. Rinker, 902 A.2d 509, 512 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation

omitted).

When reviewing child custody matters, our “paramount concern and the

polestar of our analysis” is the best interests of the child. Id. (citation

omitted). “The best-interests standard, decided on a case-by-case basis,

considers all factors which legitimately have an effect upon the child’s

physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual well-being.” D.K.D. v. A.L.C., 141

A.3d 566, 572 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citations omitted). “Common sense dictates

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that trial courts should strive, all other things being equal, to assure that a

child maintains a healthy relationship with both of his or her parents, and that

the parents work together to raise their child.” S.C.B. v. J.S.B., 218 A.3d

905, 916 (Pa. Super. 2019).

The trial court “shall determine the best interest of the child by

considering all relevant factors, giving substantial weighted consideration to

the factors. . .which affect the safety of the child,” including the following

factors mandated by the Custody Act:

(1) Which party is more likely to encourage and permit frequent and continuing contact between the child and another party.

(2) The present and past abuse committed by a party or member of the party's household, whether there is a continued risk of harm to the child or an abused party and which party can better provide adequate physical safeguards and supervision of the child.

(2.1) The information set forth in section 5329.1(a) (relating to consideration of child abuse and involvement with protective services).

(3) The parental duties performed by each party on behalf of the child.

(4) The need for stability and continuity in the child's education, family life and community life.

(5) The availability of extended family.

(6) The child's sibling relationships.

(7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, based on the child's maturity and judgment.

(8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child against the other parent, except in cases of domestic violence where reasonable safety measures are necessary to protect the child from harm.

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(9) Which party is more likely to maintain a loving, stable, consistent and nurturing relationship with the child adequate for the child's emotional needs.

(10) Which party is more likely to attend to the daily physical, emotional, developmental, educational and special needs of the child.

(11) The proximity of the residences of the parties.

(12) Each party's availability to care for the child or ability to make appropriate child-care arrangements.

(13) The level of conflict between the parties and the willingness and ability of the parties to cooperate with one another. A party's effort to protect a child from abuse by another party is not evidence of unwillingness or inability to cooperate with that party.

(14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or member of a party's household.

(15) The mental and physical condition of a party or member of a party's household.

(16) Any other relevant factor.

23 Pa.C.S. § 5328(a) (2014) (amended 2024).5

The court must “delineate the reasons for its decision[.]” Id. at

§ 5323(d). Finally, in any action regarding the custody of the child between

the parents of the child, there shall be no presumption that custody should be

awarded to a particular parent and no preference based upon gender. Id. at

§§ 5327(a), 5328(b).

5 The legislature amended Section 5328(a), effective August 13, 2024. References to Section 5328(a) in this Memorandum refer to the prior version of the statute that was in effect at the time the trial court opinion was issued. The amended version includes, inter alia, a substantive change to factor 1, which now reads, “[w]hich party is more likely to ensure the safety of the child.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 5328(a)(1); Act of April 15, 2024, P.L. 24, No. 8, §§ 2-3.

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*

Mother maintains that the court abused its discretion when it ordered

Father to maintain primary physical custody of Child by asserting that it

disregarded (1) the results of Dr. Menta’s “extensive” custody evaluation

which supported Dr. Menta’s opinion that Mother should have primary custody

of Child; (2) Child’s preference, which he had consistently expressed, to live

with Mother and “go to school at Butler, try it out[;]” and (3) Child’s close

relationship with Sister. Mother’s Br. at 11, 15, 18-20. Essentially, Mother

challenges the weight the court assigned to factors 6, 7, and 16.6

The trial court addressed each of the Section 5328 custody factors and

found that most of them did not favor either party.7 See Trial Ct. Op.,

6/18/24, at 2-7 (unpaginated). However, the court determined that factors

1, 4, and 8 weighed in Father’s favor, while factor 6 weighed in Mother’s favor.

Id. Specifically, the court determined that factor 4 favored Father because

Child, who was about to start 7th grade, had attended North Clarion schools

since kindergarten, has friends at school and through his wrestling team, and

is seeing a therapist near Father’s home. Id. at 2. Regarding factor 1 and ____________________________________________

6 Mother also claims that the court abused its discretion in failing to award her

additional custodial time during the summers. Mother’s Br. at 20. However, Mother has waived this claim because she has failed to include it in her Statement of Questions Presented. See Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (“No question will be considered unless it is stated in the statement of questions involved or is fairly suggested thereby.”).

7 In discussing factor 3 and factor 10, the court noted that Father had taken

a more active role in providing for Child’s needs as the primary parent but concluded that both parties were capable of doing so. Trial Ct. Op. at 3, 6.

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factor 8, the court noted that Mother has a “history of ignoring the custodial

schedule” which would “likely” continue and had requested unfounded welfare

checks on Father and Child multiple times. Id. at 2, 5. The court determined

that factor 6 favored Mother because Child has a “close relationship” with

Sister but only sees her when he is with Mother. Id. at 4.

The court found that Child’s preferences in factor 7 did not favor Mother

because, “while [Child] has expressed a willingness to try” attending school in

Butler and wished to spend more time with Mother and Sister, “he did not

express a desire to live primarily with [Mother]” and “is apprehensive about

changing schools[.]” Id. at 4-5. Finally, in addressing other relevant factors

in factor 16, the court found Dr. Menta’s custody evaluation not credible,

finding that she “was misinformed or uninformed” regarding Mother’s past

attempts to interfere with Father’s custodial time by calling the police for

welfare checks, Mother’s history of failing to comply with custody orders, and

the improvement in Child’s grades. Id. at 7-8.

Ultimately, the court found that Child is doing well with Father—he has

matured, as evidenced by his demeanor in court, and his grades and mental

health are improving—and that moving would be disruptive. Id. at 7. The

court also found that Child was “willing to try” attending school in Butler to

please Mother. Id. The court concluded that, “[w]hen taking all of the

[custody] factors into consideration, [there was] no compelling reason to

change the primary custody of [Child].” Id.

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Following our review, we conclude that the trial court engaged in an

analysis of all of the Section 5328 custody factors, including Child’s stated

preference and his relationship with Sister, and made specific findings

regarding each factor. The court assigned greater weight to the testimony

adduced at the hearing and its observations of Child in court than it gave to

Child’s stated preference and his relationship with Sister, and it did not credit

Dr. Menta’s custody evaluation. Id. at 8. Accordingly, it determined that,

while Child was willing to try living in Butler, he did not “have a strong desire

to move” and that it was in his best interests to remain with Father. Id. While

the court found that it was in Child’s best interests to remain with Father, it

awarded Mother an additional weekend each month so that Child may spend

more time with her and Sister. Id.

The record supports the trial court’s findings, and its order is not

“manifestly unreasonable.” Saintz, 902 A.2d at 512. Mother’s arguments

urge us to reweigh the evidence and reach our own credibility determinations.

This we may not do. K.T., 144 A.3d at 151. Accordingly, Mother has failed

to persuade this Court that the trial court abused its discretion when it

increased her time with Child while concluding that it was in Child’s best

interests to remain in Father’s primary physical custody. We, thus, affirm.

Order affirmed.

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DATE: 11/6/2024

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