[160]*160FERREN, Acting Chief Judge:
In August 1989, Parents United for the D.C. Public Schools1 brought suit to enforce the District of Columbia Public School Nurse Assignment Act of 1987, D.C.Code § 31-2421 et seq. (1988), requesting both declaratory and injunctive relief.2 The Nurse Assignment Act requires the District to assign a registered nurse to each elementary and secondary school for a specified number of hours per week and, further, to assign either a registered nurse or a certified athletic trainer to attend every school-sponsored athletic event. Parents United alleged that (1) the District had violated the Nurse Assignment Act, which Parents United had an implied private right of action to enforce, and that (2) the District’s failure to implement that Act violated not only the Act itself but also the due process clause of the Constitution, permitting recovery under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1982).3
The trial court granted summary judgment for Parents United on both the statutory and the constitutional4 claims, granted permanent injunctive relief ordering compliance with both requirements of the Act, and awarded Parents United attorney’s fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988 (1982).5 We agree that Parents United has an implied private right of action to enforce the Nurse Assignment Act and that the District violated that Act. We therefore affirm summary judgment under the Act and the trial court’s permanent injunction. Because, however, this private right of action — providing a complete remedy in the District’s courts — gives Parents United all the process that is due, we must conclude that Parents United has not been deprived of a property right without due process of law and, as a result, cannot recover under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. We therefore must reverse the trial court order awarding attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988. See supra note 5.
I. The Nurse Assignment Act of 1987
The Council of the District of Columbia enacted the Nurse Assignment Act in 1987 in an effort to remedy the severe shortage of nurses in the District’s public schools, as well as the lack of medical personnel at school-sponsored athletic events. See Council of THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, COMM. ON HUMAN SeRvs., Report on Bill 7-47, The DistRict of Columbia Public School NuRSe Assignment Act of 1987, at 2-3 (June 11, 1987) (hereafter Report on Bill 7-47). The Act provided:
[161]*161(a) A registered nurse shall be assigned to each District of Columbia (“District”) elementary and secondary public school a minimum of 12 hours per week during each semester and during summer school if a summer school program is operated.
(b) The minimum hours per week of registered nurse services at each school shall increase from 12 to 16 hours per week beginning 1 year after December 10, 1987. The minimum hours per week of registered nurse services at each school shall increase from 16 to 20 hours per week beginning 2 years after December 10, 1987.
D.C.Code § 31-2421(a), (b) (1988).6 The Act also explained that medical services would be provided at all school-sponsored athletic events:
(d) A registered nurse, a certified athletic trainer, or both shall be present at all athletic events sponsored by the District elementary or secondary public schools that occur in the District. These medical services shall be in addition to the minimum hours of registered nurse services required by subsection (a) or (b) of this section.
D.C.Code § 31-2421(d) (1988). Furthermore, the Act initially provided that “[s]uffi-cient funds to carry out the requirements of this section are authorized to be appropriated out of the general revenues of the District.” D.C.Code § 31-2421(e) (1988).
In 1990, the Council amended § 31-2421(e) to stress the need for mandatory funding. It was relettered as subsection © and now reads: “Sufficient funds to carry out the requirements of this section shall be appropriated out of the general revenues of the District.” D.C.Law 8-149 (July 26, 1990), D.C.Code § 31-2421© (1993) (emphasis added); see 37 D.C.Reg. 2208-10 (1990). The Council also added provisions governing the types of medical personnel to be provided at particular athletic events. See 37 D.C.Reg. at 2208-09.7 Finally, the Council added subsection (g), which transferred the responsibility for implementing the Act from the Department of Human Services to the Board of Education. See 37 D.C.Reg. at 2209, 3718; D.C.Code § 31-2421(g) (1993).
Although the 1990 amendments of the Nurse Assignment Act re-emphasized the Council’s desire to place and maintain nurses in the schools and at athletic events, the Act was never fully implemented. The trial court found that (1) “[s]ince the enactment of the Act, there have been a maximum of 54 nurses working in the public schools” and that (2) “[f]ifty-one additional school nurses would need to be hired in order for defendants to be in compliance with the Amended Act.” The District never contested this finding. Although the District’s 1991 budget provided $454,700 for the hiring of fourteen certified athletic trainers needed to comply with the Act’s provisions for medical coverage at school-sponsored athletic events, that budget did not provide funding for the additional school nurses necessary to comply with the school nurse provisions.
II. Proceedings to Date
Frustrated by the “egregious and continuing violation of the Nurse Assignment Act,” Parents United brought suit in the Superior Court in August 1988 seeking both declaratory and injunctive relief.8 In September 1989, Parents United amended its complaint to [162]*162allege that the District defendants had “denied plaintiffs their right to procedural due process under the fifth amendment of the U.S. Constitution in violation of [42 U.S.C. § ] 1983.” Parents United added that the Nurse Assignment Act had created a justifiable expectation that “children would receive certain minimal levels of care from registered nurses and certified athletic trainers during the school year” and that, while acting under color of District of Columbia law “[without giving plaintiffs notice or an opportunity to be heard, defendants deprived plaintiffs’ children of the medical care to which they are entitled.” In addition to the relief requested in the original complaint, Parents United asked for an award of reasonable attorney’s fees and costs under 42 U.S.C. § 1988, see supra note 5, in its amended prayer for relief.
A. Preliminary Injunction
Parents United moved for a preliminary injunction in October 1989. Judge Nan (Huhn) Shuker applied the test in Cort v. Ash, 422 U.S. 66, 78, 95 S.Ct. 2080, 2087-88, 45 L.Ed.2d 26 (1975), to conclude that the Nurse Assignment Act created an implied private right of action. She issued a preliminary injunction to enforce the Act’s requirement of medical coverage for school-sponsored athletic events, the lack of which she found “unequivocally” caused irreparable harm. But she did not grant injunctive relief to cure the general lack of school nurses. Neither party appealed Judge Shuker’s ruling. More than two months after Judge Shuker issued the preliminary injunction, the District complied by providing the required medical services at school-sponsored athletic events.
B. Summary Judgment
In February 1990, Parents United moved for summary judgment. The District did not contest Parents United’s contentions that the District had never complied with the Nurse Assignment Act and that the Act created an implied private right of action to enforce compliance. Instead, the District argued that declining school enrollment and requested school closings may have put the District in compliance under D.C.Code § 31-2421(c) (1988 & 1990 Supp.), see supra note 6, and that the shortage of registered nurses may have created a situation where it would be impossible, in any event, for the District to comply with the Act. Judge Taylor, rejecting the District’s arguments as speculative and hypothetical, concluded:
In sum, there are no genuine issues of material fact regarding defendants’ compliance with the school nursing hours requirement of the Amended Act, and plaintiffs are entitled to judgment on that aspect of the Amended Complaint as a matter of law.
As for the Nurse Assignment Act provisions requiring medical services at school-sponsored athletic events, the trial court found that the District had met the requirements of the Act as of April 4, 1990:
Thus, with regard to the requirement for medical coverage of athletic events, there are no genuine issues of material fact: defendants were violating the law until the court preliminarily enjoined them to comply with it; they currently are in compliance, under the continuing pressure of that court order.
Under those circumstances, plaintiffs contend — and defendants do not dispute— that continued injunctive relief is appropriate and necessary to ensure defendants’ continued compliance. The Court agrees.
The trial court accordingly issued a permanent injunction on August 3, 1990, ordering the District to comply with both requirements of the Act.
The trial court then addressed Parents United’s constitutional claim, concluding that the Nurse Assignment Act created an entitlement that amounts to a significant property interest. More specifically, the court concluded, first, that “[pjlaintiffs are entitled to the assignment of a registered nurse to the D.C. Public Schools for a minimum of 20 hours per week during each semester and during summer school if a summer school program is operated.” The court concluded that this “entitlement cannot be withdrawn without procedural due process,” and that “[djefendants’ failure ever to comply with §§ (a) and (b) of either the Act or the [163]*163Amended Act deprives plaintiffs of that entitlement, and does so without affording them any ‘process’ whatsoever.” The court accordingly held that the District had “deliberate[ly] disregarded] ... the state’s fundamental process,” as articulated in Silverman v. Barry, 269 U.S.App.D.C. 327, 334, 845 F.2d 1072, 1079 (1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 956, 109 S.Ct. 394, 102 L.Ed.2d 383 (1988), by repeatedly disregarding the law for more than four years and by submitting a budget that would not permit compliance with the Act. The trial court concluded, as a result, that Parents United was entitled to relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Next, the trial court concluded that the statutory provisions mandating medical coverage of school-sponsored athletic events were also sufficiently specific to create significant property interests. Because, however, the District eventually had complied with the Act and had provided for future compliance in the District’s budget, the court concluded that the property deprivation was not sufficiently deliberate to qualify for relief under § 1983. See supra note 4.
Because the trial court found one § 1983 violation, the court awarded Parents United reasonable attorney’s fees and costs pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988. See swpra note 5.
C. Contempt Proceedings
Despite the clarity of Judge Taylor’s August 3, 1990 order, the District continued to violate the Nurse Assignment Act. In fact, the District did not fully comply with the Act until the end of February 1992, almost four’ months after Judge Wertheim had held the District in civil contempt on November 5, 1991. Judge Wertheim had said that he would consider ordering school closures and incarceration with work release for responsible District officials as possible sanctions. On March 3, 1992, Judge Wertheim confirmed the District’s substantial compliance.
D. Attorney’s Fees
On November 7, 1990, Parents United had submitted an Interim Application for Reasonable Attorneys Fees and Costs for the period from July 25, 1989 through September 29, 1990 pursuant to Judge Taylor’s August 3, 1990 order. This was supplemented with a request for fees incurred between September 29, 1990 and December 27, 1990. On March 13,1992, Parents United moved for a supplemental award of fees and costs incurred between March 1991 and March 1992, the time during which it monitored the District’s compliance efforts and successfully prosecuted the District’s contempt proceeding.
On August 19, 1992, Judge Wertheim granted Parents United’s requests for costs and attorney’s fees. Although the District continues to contest the award of attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988, it agrees that the award of fees to Parents United was warranted for the period of the contempt proceedings.
III. Implied Private Right of Action Under the Nurse Assignment Act
The District argues that the Nurse Assignment Act does not create an implied private right of action.9 In In re D.G., 583 A.2d 160, 166 (D.C.1990), we applied the three relevant factors in the four-part test established in Cort, 422 U.S. at 78, 95 S.Ct. at 2087-88, to determine whether a statute creates an implied private right of action.10 Under Cort, the court must determine:
[164]*164First, is the plaintiff one of the class for whose especial benefit the statute was enacted ... ? Second, is there any indication of legislative intent, explicit or implicit, either to create such a remedy or to deny one? Third, is it consistent with the underlying purposes of the legislative scheme to imply such a remedy for the plaintiff?
Cort, 422 U.S. at 78, 95 S.Ct. at 2088 (citations omitted). In this ease, each of these criteria is met.
First, without question, Parents United represents the class for whose especial benefit the Council enacted the Nurse Assignment Act. According to the legislative history:
Many District public school students come from low-income households_ These students can greatly benefit from the availability of health care services in their schools.
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Closely related to the shortage of nursing services during school hours is the issue of health personnel at school-sponsored athletic events_ Injuries to students which need immediate medical attention are not unusual at any type of physical competition.... Medical personnel trained in sports medicine would be able to advise students participating in sports how to best avoid injuries, and also be present at events to assure proper care is given to an injured student until a physician or an ambulance arrives.
Report on Bill 7-47, at 3. The Council accordingly enacted the Nurse Assignment Act for the primary benefit of the children attending the District’s public schools — “the class for whose especial benefit the statute was enacted,” Cort, 422 U.S. at 78, 95 S.Ct. at 2088, and on whose behalf Parents United filed this suit.
Second, we examine whether there is “any indication of legislative intent, explicit or implicit, either to create such a remedy or to deny one.” Id. This has become the most important factor of the Cort inquiry. See Suter v. Artist M., — U.S. -, -, 112 S.Ct. 1360, 1370, 118 L.Ed.2d 1 (1992) (“The most important inquiry here ... is whether Congress intended to create the private remedy sought by the plaintiffs.”); see also Edwards v. District of Columbia, 261 U.S.App. D.C. 163, 166-67 n. 4, 821 F.2d 651, 654-55 n. 4 (1987) (intent of legislature is most important Cort factor).
Unlike other provisions of the District of Columbia Code,11 the Nurse Assignment Act does not expressly authorize private individuals to enforce the Act. Nor does it expressly prohibit private enforcement. In fact, the Nurse Assignment Act does not contain any provision for enforcement of the Act. In Cort, the Supreme Court indicated that such silence would leave room for an implied private remedy:
[I]n situations in which it is clear that [the statute] has granted a class of persons certain rights, it is not necessary to show an intention to create a private cause of action, although an explicit purpose to deny such cause of action would be controlling.
Cort, 422 U.S. at 82, 95 S.Ct. at 2090 (footnote omitted).
The District argues, however, that a more recent Supreme Court decision, Suter v. Artist M., — U.S. at -, 112 S.Ct. at 1370, eclipses Cort, requiring Parents United to demonstrate an explicit legislative intent to create a private cause of action. We disagree. In Suter, the Court did not abandon the Cort test; it merely applied it in a manner that emphasized the second, “legislative intent” factor. See id.
More specifically, in Suter, the Court addressed the question whether the clause of the federal Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act requiring “reasonable efforts” to reunite the family — as one of the conditions [165]*165for federal assistance to state agencies responsible for investigating charges of child abuse and neglect — created a private right of action against the state agency for persons whose parental rights had been terminated. A major portion of the Court’s opinion focused on the fact that an implied private right of action was not necessary to put teeth in the “reasonable efforts” clause because the Act provided for other enforcement mechanisms.12 The Court noted, for example, that detailed regulations required the state to submit a plan to the Secretary of Health and Human Services before federal funding would be approved. The regulations also required the state plan to include a provision for the state agency to make reasonable efforts to avoid removing a child from his or her home before the agency agreed to placement in foster care, and also to make reasonable efforts to assure the child’s return to the home after placement in foster care. Id. — U.S. at -, 112 S.Ct. at 1364-69. Because the Act clearly permitted the Secretary to withhold funding for a state program that did not comply with the “reasonable efforts” clause, whereas the Act did not expressly provide a private cause of action, the Court concluded “that Congress did not intend to create a private remedy for enforcement of the ‘reasonable efforts’ clause.” Id. — U.S. at -, 112 S.Ct. at 1370.
Unlike the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act at issue in Suter, the Nurse Assignment Act provides no means of enforcement whatsoever unless a private right of action is implied. See Fountain v. Kelly, 630 A.2d 684, 690 (D.C.1993) (Social Security Act does not create implied private right of action for homeless residents placed in inadequate housing because specified remedy is revocation of federal financial assistance to District agency charged with providing emergency shelters, and nothing in Act or its legislative history suggests there is also private civil remedy). Moreover, the District has no attorney general to enforce compliance. Given the mandatory nature, as well as the specificity, of the Act’s substantive requirements and funding provisions, we are persuaded that the Council did not intend the Nurse Assignment Act to be unenforceable by anyone other than the Council itself. See Franklin v. Gwinnett County Pub. Sch., — U.S. -, -, 112 S.Ct. 1028, 1033, 117 L.Ed.2d 208 (1992) (“[Wjhere there is a legal right, there is also a legal remedy”) (quoting 3 William Blackstone, Commentaeies 23 (1783)); see also Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137, 163, 2 L.Ed. 60 (1803).
Finally, Cort conditions recognition of a private right of action on its being “consistent with the underlying purposes of the Legislative scheme.” Cort, 422 U.S. at 78, 95 S.Ct. at 2088. The underlying purpose of the Nurse Assignment Act is to make medical services available to students in the District’s public schools. See REPORT on Bill 7-47. This was not accomplished until Parents United brought suit. Plainly, therefore, a private right of action is consistent with the underlying purposes of the Act.
We conclude, accordingly, that the three applicable Cort criteria are met and that the Nurse Assignment Act thus creates an implied private right of action. Furthermore, because the District conceded that it had never complied with the Nurse Assignment Act and has raised on appeal only the issue of whether the Nurse Assignment Act creates an implied private right of action, it follows that the trial court properly granted summary judgment for Parents United on the Nurse Assignment Act claim, as well as permanent injunctive relief mandating compliance.
IV. Section 1983 Claim
By successfully pursuing a private right of action under the Nurse Assignment Act, Parents United has obtained all the substantive relief it is entitled to receive. Accordingly, there would be no need to reach the constitutional issues under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, but for the fact that a successful § 1983 claim would justify a discretionary award of attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988, supra note 5, which Parents United [166]*166would not otherwise be entitled to receive. We therefore must deal with § 1983 because Judge Taylor awarded attorney’s fees.
To establish liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, see supra note 3, Parents United must show that (1) the District deprived it of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Constitution, and that (2) this deprivation was effected under color of state law. See Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 150, 90 S.Ct. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d .142 (1970). Because the District acknowledges that its actions as to the Nurse Assignment Act were taken under color of state law, only the first element is at issue here.
Parents United contends, and the trial court held, that the children Parents United represents were deprived of a property right protected by the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. Parents United argues that the statutory language of the Nurse Assignment Act is sufficiently specific to give students in the District’s public schools a legitimate claim of entitlement to registered nurses in their schools for at least twelve hours a week and to a registered nurse or a certified athletic trainer at all school-sponsored athletic events that occur in the District. See Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 2709, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972) (“To have a property interest in a benefit, a person clearly must have more than an abstract need or desire for it.... He [or she] must, instead, have a legitimate claim of entitlement to it.”).13
To satisfy the Roth test Parents United relies, more particularly, on the following language of the statute: “A registered nurse shall be assigned to each ... public school a minimum of 12 hours per week ... ”, D.C.Code § 31-2421(a) (1988) (emphasis added), and “[a] registered nurse, a certified athletic trainer, or both shall be present at all athletic events sponsored by the District....”, D.C.Code § 31-2421(d) (1988) (emphasis added). Moreover, since July 25, 1990, the statute has provided that “Sufficient funds to carry out the requirements of this section shall be appropriated_” D.C.Law 8-149 (July 25, 1990), D.C.Code § 31-2421(f) (1993) (emphasis added). Instead of creating a mere hope for benefits, therefore, the Nurse Assignment Act arguably gave students in the District’s public schools a property interest that could not be withheld without due process of law — an argument Parents United supports by reference to Supreme Court decisions such as Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div. v. Craft, 436 U.S. 1, 11-12, 98 S.Ct. 1554, 1561, 56 L.Ed.2d 30 (1978) (because Tennessee law provides that public utility may only terminate service “for cause,” consumers have a “ ‘legitimate claim of entitlement’ within the protection of the Due Process Clause”); Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565, 572-76, 95 S.Ct. 729, 735-37, 42 L.Ed.2d 725 (1975) (Ohio law providing for free education to all children between ages of five and twenty-one gives children legitimate claim of entitlement to public education); and Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254, 90 S.Ct. 1011, 25 L.Ed.2d 287 (1970) (statute defining eligibility for welfare benefits gives recipients claim of entitlement to welfare payments).
The Fifth Amendment, of course, does not prohibit all deprivations of property; it prohibits only deprivations made “without due process of law.” See Zinermon v. Burch, 494 U.S. 113, 125, 110 S.Ct. 975, 983, 108 L.Ed.2d 100 (1990). The Supreme Court has explained:
The constitutional violation actionable under § 1983 is not complete when the deprivation occurs; it is not complete unless and until the State fails to provide due process. Therefore, to determine whether a constitutional violation has occurred, it is necessary to ask what process the State provided, and whether it was constitutionally adequate. This inquiry would examine the procedural safeguards built into the statutory or administrative procedure of effecting the deprivation, and any remedies for erroneous deprivations provided by statute or tort law.
Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 126, 110 S.Ct. at 983. The question, therefore, is whether Parents [167]*167United’s private right of action to enforce the Nurse Assignment Act, at a time it had not yet been implemented, was “constitutionally adequate,” id., to satisfy the demands of due process, or whether some additional process is required for protection of entitlements under that Act.
We assume, solely for the sake of argument, that the Nurse Assignment Act creates a property interest — i.e., that it literally entitles students in every District public school to a property interest in the form of a registered nurse for at least twelve hours a week and to a registered nurse or a certified athletic trainer at every school-sponsored athletic event. We therefore turn directly to the kinds of constitutional protections of property interests that are traditionally afforded by due process.
Overall, “[t]he fundamental requirement of due process is the opportunity to be heard ‘at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.’” Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333, 96 S.Ct. 893, 902, 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976) (quoting Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545, 552, 85 S.Ct. 1187, 1191, 14 L.Ed.2d 62 (1965)). Due process is a “flexible concept that varies with the particular situation.” Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 127, 110 S.Ct. at 984. To help lower courts determine what type of procedural protection is constitutionally required in a particular instance, the Supreme Court in Mathews has generally required “consideration of three distinct factors.” Mathews, 424 U.S. at 335, 96 S.Ct. at 903.
First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail.
Id.
Typically, Mathews analysis has been applied to determine whether someone whose entitlement is at risk, or has been withheld, has a right to a predeprivation hearing14 or instead will be protected, to the extent required by due process, through “a postdepri-vation hearing, or a common-law tort remedy for erroneous deprivation.” Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 128, 110 S.Ct. at 984.15 This case, if [168]*168not unique, is unusual in that the state-created entitlement at issue — a specified level of nurses and athletic trainers in the public schools — has been authorized, even mandated, by law but never provided. Thus, at this time in the history of the Nurse Assignment Act, we do not have the typical case of a proposed cut-off of an ongoing benefit for which a predeprivation hearing would be feasible, or even the case of an adverse action of some kind for which a postdeprivation hearing would provide adequate relief. Parents United, for example, has not complained that particular nurses already in place, below the level required by statute, have been withdrawn from the schools. Unlike such situations, we deal here with a ease entirely of alleged — and uncontested — omission, where the only effective relief possible is a mandatory injunction to implement the dormant local statute — precisely the relief afforded Parents United through the Nurse Assignment Act’s implied private right of action successfully brought here. Indeed, Parents United itself proffers no other remedy, aside from a right, claimed in its brief, to “participation as citizens in the legislative process if the District attempted to amend or repeal the Act” (a right available in any event to all citizens as lobbyists and participants in legislative hearings).16
In short, in applying the second Mathews factor, we conclude that there will be no “probable value,” indeed no value whatsoever, in providing “additional or substitute procedural safeguards” in this case — beyond the right to bring a private enforcement action— to reduce or eliminate “the risk of an erroneous deprivation” of children’s property interests in the required assignment of school nurses and athletic trainers. As a consequence, the other two Mathews factors become irrelevant.
We are not relying here on a required exhaustion of state remedies.17 Nor are we relying on cases where state tort remedies are held to satisfy due process because a predeprivation hearing either is impossible (i.e., the deprivation was unauthorized and unpredictable),18 or is otherwise inappropriate (i.e., a Mathews analysis indicates the costs of a predeprivation hearing would outweigh the benefits).19 Rather, (1) we simply [169]*169note that existing state remedies often are sufficient to assure constitutional due process for a variety of reasons, see supra notes 18 and 19; (2) we conclude in this case that no other, additional kind of remedy will provide any greater, more expedient protection of Parents United’s presumed property interest in school nurses than the injunctive relief the Act permits; and thus (3) we hold that because local, District of Columbia procedures are “constitutionally adequate,” Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 125-26, 110 S.Ct. at 984, there is no § 1988 violation here. The most essential element of due process has been met; Parents United has had the “opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner,” Mathews, 424 U.S. at 333, 96 S.Ct. at 902, by successfully obtaining the maximum — and only — meaningful relief: summary judgment and a permanent injunction.20
Y.
We affirm the portion of the trial court’s order holding that Parents United has an implied private right of action under the Nurse Assignment Act; that the District has violated the “school nursing hours requirement” of that Act; that the District had been violating the statutory “requirement for medical coverage of athletic events” until the court entered a preliminary injunction requiring compliance; and that Parents United accordingly is entitled to summary judgment and a permanent injunction mandating compliance with both requirements of the Act. Absent a violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983, however, we reverse the portion of the trial court’s order granting summary judgment under § 1983 and awarding attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988, without prejudice to the uneontested award of attorney’s fees to Parents United for the contempt proceedings.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.