Kelley v. Arizona Board of Pardons & Paroles

762 P.2d 121, 158 Ariz. 207, 4 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 36, 1988 Ariz. App. LEXIS 51
CourtCourt of Appeals of Arizona
DecidedMarch 17, 1988
DocketNo. 2 CA-CV 88-0069
StatusPublished

This text of 762 P.2d 121 (Kelley v. Arizona Board of Pardons & Paroles) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Arizona primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kelley v. Arizona Board of Pardons & Paroles, 762 P.2d 121, 158 Ariz. 207, 4 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 36, 1988 Ariz. App. LEXIS 51 (Ark. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinion

OPINION

ROLL, Judge.

The Arizona Board of Pardons & Paroles (Board) appeals from the finding of a trial court that forfeiture of prisoner Tom E. Kelley’s street time upon revocation of parole constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of liberty. For the reasons set forth below, we reverse.

FACTS

In 1972, Tom E. Kelley was convicted on two counts of rape and began serving a sentence with the Arizona Department of Corrections of 20 to 30 years. On November 8, 1978, Kelley was granted parole from prison. In September of 1982, while still on parole, Kelly was convicted of sexual abuse and received a sentence of two years and six months. After the conviction, Kelley was notified of a parole revocation hearing.

[208]*208Following a hearing on October 15, 1982, the Board ordered Kelley’s parole revoked and denied him credit for three years and eight months of street time. Street time is measured “from the time a person accepts parole until the time parole is revoked or completed.” A.C.R.R. R5-4-102(16).1 Had Kelley been given credit for the time spent on the street during which he committed another sexual offense, he would have been released on or about January 1, 1987.

PROCEDURES BELOW

After exhausting his administrative remedies Kelley filed a special action requesting credit for the three years and eight months of street time. A motion to dismiss the action was filed by the state. The trial court denied the state’s motion and Kelley filed an order to show cause why he should not be released. On April 21, 1987, the trial court ordered Kelley’s release.

ISSUES ON APPEAL

The .state appeals the trial court’s decision that there is a constitutionally protected liberty interest in street time, which requires that clear objective guidelines be utilized by the Board in deciding whether a parolee, upon revocation of parole, should be credited with street time.

DISCUSSION

This is a case of first impression in Arizona. The trial court addressed itself to two related issues. It first concluded that a liberty interest in street time did exist and that Kelley was entitled to the protections of due process found in Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972). The trial court then ruled that the actions of the Board did not comport with the due process requirements announced in Morrissey. The court below did not dispute that the Board has the authority to forfeit street time when a prisoner’s parole is revoked. Baker v. Arizona Board of Pardons & Paroles, 150 Ariz. 414, 724 P.2d 33 (1986).

The trial court’s finding of a liberty interest in street time and the conclusion that the due process requirements of Morrissey, supra, have not been met are conclusions of law. The standard of review is therefore de novo. United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195, 1201 (9th Cir.) cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824, 105 S.Ct. 101, 83 L.Ed.2d 46 (1985); Cecil Lawter Real Estate School, Inc. v. Town & Country Shopping Center Co., Ltd., 143 Ariz. 527, 533, 694 P.2d 815, 821 (App.1984).

THE NATURE OF THE INTEREST IN STREET TIME

That a person may not be deprived of his liberty without due process of law is axiomatic. Our Supreme Court has determined that the revocation of parole inflicts a “grievous loss” on the parolee and on others. Morrissey, supra, 408 U.S. at 482, 92 S.Ct. at 2601, 33 L.Ed.2d at 495. Revocation proceedings determine whether a parolee remains free or is returned to prison, and this determination calls for some orderly process. But the Supreme Court has also rejected “the notion that any grievous loss visited upon a person by the state is sufficient to invoke the procedural protections of the due process clause.” Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 223, 96 S.Ct. 2532, 2538, 49 L.Ed.2d 451, 458 (1976) (emphasis supplied).

A liberty interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment may arise either from the due process clause itself or from the laws of the state. Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460, 466, 103 S.Ct. 864, 869, 74 L.Ed.2d 675, 685 (1983); Meachum, supra, 427 U.S. at 223-27, 96 S.Ct. at 2537-40, 49 L.Ed.2d at 458-61.

STATE-CREATED LIBERTY INTEREST

Parole is a matter of grace and not of right under Arizona law. State v. Williams, 116 Ariz. 458, 569 P.2d 1356 [209]*209(App.1977); Whit v. State, ex rel. Eyman, 18 Ariz.App. 120, 500 P.2d 905 (1972). However, once the state has chosen to grant parole, a liberty interest attaches and the requirements of Morrissey must be met in order to revoke that parole. The State of Arizona has fashioned procedures to comply with the requirements of Morrissey. A.R.S. §§ 31-416 and -417; A.C.R.R.R5-4-502 and -503; Foggy v. Eyman, 110 Ariz. 185, 187, 516 P.2d 321, 323 (1973). The rights guaranteed Kelley under Morrissey were honored. Kelley received a hearing prior to the parole revocation.

The statute governing parole violation hearings, A.R.S. § 31-417, provides:

At the meeting held at the state prison of the board of pardons and paroles next following the retaking of a paroled prisoner, the board shall be notified that the prisoner has been retaken. If the paroled prisoner has been returned to the prison, he shall be given an opportunity to appear before the board, and the board may after opportunity has been given, or in case the prisoner has not yet been returned, declare the parolee delinquent. He may be thereafter imprisoned in the prison for a period equal to his unexpired maximum term of sentence at the time the parole was granted, unless sooner released or discharged. (Emphasis added.)

A.C.R.R. R5-4-503(G) provides:

Persons found in violation of their parole may be subject to forfeiture of street time and may be remanded to the custody of the Department of Corrections.

As the Arizona Supreme Court has stated, “the meaning [of the statutory language] is clear that the prisoner has no right to credit for the time he was on parole.” Baker v. Arizona Board of Pardons and Paroles, supra, 150 Ariz. at 415, 724 P.2d at 34. Accordingly, under Arizona law, the granting of credit for street time is also a matter of grace, and the determination whether to grant credit is not made until parole is either successfully completed or revoked.

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Related

Morrissey v. Brewer
408 U.S. 471 (Supreme Court, 1972)
Meachum v. Fano
427 U.S. 215 (Supreme Court, 1976)
Hewitt v. Helms
459 U.S. 460 (Supreme Court, 1983)
Olim v. Wakinekona
461 U.S. 238 (Supreme Court, 1983)
United States v. John Douglas Newton
698 F.2d 770 (Fifth Circuit, 1983)
United States v. Winston Bryant McConney
728 F.2d 1195 (Ninth Circuit, 1984)
Large v. Superior Court
714 P.2d 399 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1986)
Berry v. State, Dept. of Corrections
699 P.2d 387 (Court of Appeals of Arizona, 1985)
Baker v. Arizona Bd. of Pardons and Paroles
724 P.2d 33 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1986)
Foggy v. Eyman
516 P.2d 321 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1973)
Lashley v. State of Fla.
413 F. Supp. 850 (M.D. Florida, 1976)
Gandy v. Keohane
617 F. Supp. 25 (W.D. Tennessee, 1985)
Witt v. State Ex Rel. Eyman
500 P.2d 905 (Court of Appeals of Arizona, 1972)
State v. Williams
569 P.2d 1356 (Court of Appeals of Arizona, 1977)
McMillan v. Parker
378 F.2d 444 (Third Circuit, 1967)
Del Genio v. United States Bureau of Prisons
449 U.S. 1084 (Supreme Court, 1981)

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Bluebook (online)
762 P.2d 121, 158 Ariz. 207, 4 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 36, 1988 Ariz. App. LEXIS 51, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kelley-v-arizona-board-of-pardons-paroles-arizctapp-1988.