MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2018 ME 104 Docket: Wal-17-552 Submitted On Briefs: May 31, 2018 Decided: July 24, 2018
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, GORMAN, JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
KATRINA I. PETERSEN
v.
PAUL J. VAN OVERBEKE
GORMAN, J.
[¶1] Paul J. Van Overbeke appeals from a judgment of the District Court
(Belfast, Worth, J.) modifying his child support obligation to Katrina I. Petersen
regarding their minor child. Van Overbeke argues that neither party requested
that the court modify child support and that the court erred both by addressing
the issue and in its calculations. Because the court had authority to modify child
support but erred in its calculations, we vacate the judgment and remand for
the court to enter a judgment that correctly calculates the parties’ child support
obligations.
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] On November 20, 2008, the District Court (Belfast, Mathews, M.)
granted a divorce to Van Overbeke and Petersen. Pursuant to the judgment, 2
which was entered by agreement, the parties had shared parental rights to their
then three-year-old child. In addition, the child’s primary residence was to
alternate every four months between Minnesota, where Van Overbeke lived,
and Maine, where Petersen lived. Each parent was responsible for paying to
have the child “delivered to the other.” This arrangement was to continue until
“the child is of age to start kindergarten in either state.” The judgment required
neither party to pay child support and explained that the deviation was based
on “[t]he cost of travel related [to] the minor child.” Child support documents
attached to the divorce judgment show that, had child support been ordered
pursuant to the guidelines, Van Overbeke would have been ordered to pay
$89 per week.
[¶3] In 2009, each party filed a motion to modify, asking that the court
establish a new contact/residence schedule for the child. In an agreed-to
judgment dated July 26, 2010, the court (Waterville, Dow, J.)1 ordered that the
child would spend the school year with Petersen in Maine and the summers in
Minnesota with Van Overbeke and made further arrangements for contact
between the child and his father. Van Overbeke was made responsible for all
1 In June of 2009, the court (Belfast, Field, J.) had granted Petersen’s motion to change venue to
the District Court in Waterville. 3
of the costs of transporting the child to and from Minnesota. The court ordered
that Van Overbeke would pay no child support and stated that the deviation
was based on Van Overbeke’s assumption of the costs of transportation “and
the substantial time of contact . . . during the summer months.”
[¶4] On June 12, 2017, Van Overbeke filed a motion to modify in the
District Court in Waterville. In his motion, Van Overbeke asked that the
parental rights and responsibilities order be amended to order that the child
spend the school year with him in Minnesota and the summers with Petersen
in Maine. Petersen, not represented by counsel, responded. The court
(Ham-Thompson, M.) held a case management conference and issued an order
dated July 24, 2017, indicating that child support, among other issues, remained
in dispute and that the case would be transferred back to the District Court in
Belfast. The court (Belfast, Worth, J.) held a testimonial hearing on
November 20, 2017, and made the following findings of fact in its order dated
December 6, 2017.
[¶5] Van Overbeke lives in Minnesota with his second wife and their
three children. He earns approximately $60,000 per year. Petersen lives in
Maine, where she earns approximately $40,000 per year. 4
[¶6] The child, who is now twelve years old, has lived with Petersen
during the school year and with Van Overbeke in Minnesota in the summer
since 2010. He does very well in school and participates in a variety of
activities. Noting that the child “has had the same core group of friends since
age 5, but is generous and compassionate enough to include other children in
his friendships,” the court determined that “[i]t would not be in the child’s best
interest to make a change in primary residence now.”
[¶7] Having denied Van Overbeke’s motion to modify the child’s primary
residence, the court turned to the issue of child support, which it noted “was
identified as in dispute now.” In its judgment, the court found that there was a
“substantial discrepancy between the parents’ earnings.” The court’s judgment
modified the existing child support order by incorporating a child support
worksheet and order that calculated the parties’ support obligations.
[¶8] The court’s child support worksheet listed Petersen’s gross income
as $40,000 and Van Overbeke’s gross income as $80,000. The court adjusted
Van Overbeke’s income by $156 to $79,844, based on his imputed obligation to
his other three children. As for health insurance, the court made no
adjustments because it found that “[t]he record does not show whether a
parent pays for health insurance.” The order did invite the parties to “inform 5
the Court in writing” if they agreed that one parent did provide health insurance
and stated that “a modified child support worksheet and order could be issued.”
The parties did not respond to the court’s invitation.
[¶9] Based on these calculations, the court ordered Van Overbeke to pay
Petersen $177 weekly while the child is living in Maine and suspended his
obligation to pay when the child is with him in Minnesota. The court also
ordered Van Overbeke to continue paying the child’s transportation costs for
travel to and from Minnesota and awarded Petersen the right to claim the child
for income tax purposes. Van Overbeke appeals, challenging only that portion
of the court’s judgment that modifies child support. 19-A M.R.S. § 104 (2017);
M.R. App. P. 2B(c); M.R. Civ. P. 123.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Authority to Modify Child Support Order
[¶10] Van Overbeke contends that the court erred by modifying the
existing child support order because the issue was “not raised by either party.”
His argument is best characterized as a contention that the court lacked the
legal authority to modify the 2010 child support order because his motion to
modify primary residence and parental rights did not bring the proceeding
within the scope of 19-A M.R.S. § 2009 (2017). “We review de novo whether a 6
court has legal authority to take the action it has taken.” Efstathiou v.
Aspinquid, Inc., 2008 ME 145, ¶ 64, 956 A.2d 110.
[¶11] Child support is intended to foster and protect the best interest of
a child. See 19-A M.R.S. §§ 1653(1), (3), (8), 2007(3) (2017); Court v. Kiesman,
2004 ME 72, ¶ 9, 850 A.2d 330 (“The primary purpose of child support ordered
by a court or administrative agency is to protect the best interests and welfare
of the benefiting child.”). Title 19-A M.R.S. § 2009 provides the procedure by
which parties can seek modification of existing child support orders. See 19-A
M.R.S. § 1653(10)(A) (2017) (“Modification and termination of child support
orders are governed by section 2009.”). Our cases interpreting this provision
have long held that, so long as a motion to modify is properly before the court,
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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2018 ME 104 Docket: Wal-17-552 Submitted On Briefs: May 31, 2018 Decided: July 24, 2018
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, GORMAN, JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
KATRINA I. PETERSEN
v.
PAUL J. VAN OVERBEKE
GORMAN, J.
[¶1] Paul J. Van Overbeke appeals from a judgment of the District Court
(Belfast, Worth, J.) modifying his child support obligation to Katrina I. Petersen
regarding their minor child. Van Overbeke argues that neither party requested
that the court modify child support and that the court erred both by addressing
the issue and in its calculations. Because the court had authority to modify child
support but erred in its calculations, we vacate the judgment and remand for
the court to enter a judgment that correctly calculates the parties’ child support
obligations.
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] On November 20, 2008, the District Court (Belfast, Mathews, M.)
granted a divorce to Van Overbeke and Petersen. Pursuant to the judgment, 2
which was entered by agreement, the parties had shared parental rights to their
then three-year-old child. In addition, the child’s primary residence was to
alternate every four months between Minnesota, where Van Overbeke lived,
and Maine, where Petersen lived. Each parent was responsible for paying to
have the child “delivered to the other.” This arrangement was to continue until
“the child is of age to start kindergarten in either state.” The judgment required
neither party to pay child support and explained that the deviation was based
on “[t]he cost of travel related [to] the minor child.” Child support documents
attached to the divorce judgment show that, had child support been ordered
pursuant to the guidelines, Van Overbeke would have been ordered to pay
$89 per week.
[¶3] In 2009, each party filed a motion to modify, asking that the court
establish a new contact/residence schedule for the child. In an agreed-to
judgment dated July 26, 2010, the court (Waterville, Dow, J.)1 ordered that the
child would spend the school year with Petersen in Maine and the summers in
Minnesota with Van Overbeke and made further arrangements for contact
between the child and his father. Van Overbeke was made responsible for all
1 In June of 2009, the court (Belfast, Field, J.) had granted Petersen’s motion to change venue to
the District Court in Waterville. 3
of the costs of transporting the child to and from Minnesota. The court ordered
that Van Overbeke would pay no child support and stated that the deviation
was based on Van Overbeke’s assumption of the costs of transportation “and
the substantial time of contact . . . during the summer months.”
[¶4] On June 12, 2017, Van Overbeke filed a motion to modify in the
District Court in Waterville. In his motion, Van Overbeke asked that the
parental rights and responsibilities order be amended to order that the child
spend the school year with him in Minnesota and the summers with Petersen
in Maine. Petersen, not represented by counsel, responded. The court
(Ham-Thompson, M.) held a case management conference and issued an order
dated July 24, 2017, indicating that child support, among other issues, remained
in dispute and that the case would be transferred back to the District Court in
Belfast. The court (Belfast, Worth, J.) held a testimonial hearing on
November 20, 2017, and made the following findings of fact in its order dated
December 6, 2017.
[¶5] Van Overbeke lives in Minnesota with his second wife and their
three children. He earns approximately $60,000 per year. Petersen lives in
Maine, where she earns approximately $40,000 per year. 4
[¶6] The child, who is now twelve years old, has lived with Petersen
during the school year and with Van Overbeke in Minnesota in the summer
since 2010. He does very well in school and participates in a variety of
activities. Noting that the child “has had the same core group of friends since
age 5, but is generous and compassionate enough to include other children in
his friendships,” the court determined that “[i]t would not be in the child’s best
interest to make a change in primary residence now.”
[¶7] Having denied Van Overbeke’s motion to modify the child’s primary
residence, the court turned to the issue of child support, which it noted “was
identified as in dispute now.” In its judgment, the court found that there was a
“substantial discrepancy between the parents’ earnings.” The court’s judgment
modified the existing child support order by incorporating a child support
worksheet and order that calculated the parties’ support obligations.
[¶8] The court’s child support worksheet listed Petersen’s gross income
as $40,000 and Van Overbeke’s gross income as $80,000. The court adjusted
Van Overbeke’s income by $156 to $79,844, based on his imputed obligation to
his other three children. As for health insurance, the court made no
adjustments because it found that “[t]he record does not show whether a
parent pays for health insurance.” The order did invite the parties to “inform 5
the Court in writing” if they agreed that one parent did provide health insurance
and stated that “a modified child support worksheet and order could be issued.”
The parties did not respond to the court’s invitation.
[¶9] Based on these calculations, the court ordered Van Overbeke to pay
Petersen $177 weekly while the child is living in Maine and suspended his
obligation to pay when the child is with him in Minnesota. The court also
ordered Van Overbeke to continue paying the child’s transportation costs for
travel to and from Minnesota and awarded Petersen the right to claim the child
for income tax purposes. Van Overbeke appeals, challenging only that portion
of the court’s judgment that modifies child support. 19-A M.R.S. § 104 (2017);
M.R. App. P. 2B(c); M.R. Civ. P. 123.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Authority to Modify Child Support Order
[¶10] Van Overbeke contends that the court erred by modifying the
existing child support order because the issue was “not raised by either party.”
His argument is best characterized as a contention that the court lacked the
legal authority to modify the 2010 child support order because his motion to
modify primary residence and parental rights did not bring the proceeding
within the scope of 19-A M.R.S. § 2009 (2017). “We review de novo whether a 6
court has legal authority to take the action it has taken.” Efstathiou v.
Aspinquid, Inc., 2008 ME 145, ¶ 64, 956 A.2d 110.
[¶11] Child support is intended to foster and protect the best interest of
a child. See 19-A M.R.S. §§ 1653(1), (3), (8), 2007(3) (2017); Court v. Kiesman,
2004 ME 72, ¶ 9, 850 A.2d 330 (“The primary purpose of child support ordered
by a court or administrative agency is to protect the best interests and welfare
of the benefiting child.”). Title 19-A M.R.S. § 2009 provides the procedure by
which parties can seek modification of existing child support orders. See 19-A
M.R.S. § 1653(10)(A) (2017) (“Modification and termination of child support
orders are governed by section 2009.”). Our cases interpreting this provision
have long held that, so long as a motion to modify is properly before the court,
if the motion itself—or the opposing party’s response to that motion—puts the
parties on notice that the amount of child support may change, the court has
authority to modify the child support order to serve the child’s best interest.
See Ames v. Ames, 2003 ME 60, ¶ 30, 822 A.2d 1201 (“[O]nce an issue is
generated by a pending motion, it is within the court’s authority to fashion an
award to serve the children’s best interest.” (quotation marks omitted)); Longo
v. Goodwin, 2001 ME 153, ¶ 11, 783 A.2d 159 (“The policy behind [19-A M.R.S.
§ 2009] is to require that the party who may be adversely affected by a change 7
in the child support amount be put on notice that the amount may change . . . .”
(emphases added)); see also Hinkley v. Hinkley, 2000 ME 64, ¶ 9, 749 A.2d 752
(“In this case, where the issue of medical decision-making was generated by a
pending motion and the parties’ presentations to the court, the court was
authorized to fashion an award to serve the children’s best interest . . . .”).
[¶12] We addressed a similar argument to that raised by Van Overbeke
in Ames, 2003 ME 60, ¶¶ 26-30, 822 A.2d 1201. In that case, the father filed
motions for contempt, to enforce contact provisions, and to decrease his child
support obligation. Id. ¶ 3. The mother never specifically moved to modify
child support but, in her response to the father’s motion, she stated that the
father’s higher income justified an increase in his support obligation. Id. ¶ 9.
When it denied the father’s motions, the trial court nonetheless increased the
father’s child support obligation. Id. ¶ 10. On appeal, the father argued that
because the mother never moved to modify child support, the trial court erred
when it increased his support obligation. Id. ¶¶ 11-12, 26. We explained that,
“[a]ccording to M.R. Civ. P. 8(f), we must construe all pleadings so as to do
substantial justice” and “construe[d] [the mother’s] response as properly
notifying [the father] of the potential adverse effect of a change in support.” Id. 8
¶ 30 (quotation marks omitted). Thus, we held that the “issue of increasing [the
father’s] child support obligation . . . was properly before the court.” Id.
[¶13] Here, Van Overbeke’s motion to modify, which was properly before
the court, sought to change parental rights and responsibilities and the child’s
primary residence. In his motion, Van Overbeke stated that he was seeking the
“[s]ame child support agreement, just opposite.” Petersen responded to Van
Overbeke’s motion by filling out and filing with the court several forms related
to family matters. On one of the forms Petersen filed, she “ask[ed] the court to
review the child support order and that Paul Van Overbeke be ordered to pay
an appropriate amount for the care of [the child].” Construing—as we must—
Petersen’s response “to do substantial justice,” M.R. Civ. P. 8(f); see Ames,
2003 ME 60, ¶ 30, 822 A.2d 1201, we conclude that Petersen raised the issue of
child support in response to Van Overbeke’s motion.
[¶14] We note also that there were two orders that put Van Overbeke on
notice “of the potential adverse effect of a change in support.” Ames,
2003 ME 60, ¶ 30, 822 A.2d 1201. First, in the July 24, 2017, case management
order—issued just over a month after Van Overbeke filed his motion to
modify—the court (Waterville, Ham-Thompson, M.) clearly identified child
support as an unresolved issue still in dispute. Second, in the pretrial/status 9
conference order issued after mediation and dated September 6, 2017, the
court (Belfast, Martin, M.) required the parties to file their 2016 W-2 forms and
most recent paychecks so that those documents could be attached to their child
support affidavits. In addition, the court confirmed—during the hearing
itself—that Petersen was requesting child support.
[¶15] Here, Petersen had sufficiently raised the issue of child support in
response to Van Overbeke’s motion to modify such that he had sufficient notice
that his child support obligation may change. See Longo, 2001 ME 153, ¶ 11,
783 A.2d 159. The court therefore had the authority to modify the child support
order in accordance with section 2009. See Ames, 2003 ME 60, ¶ 30,
822 A.2d 1201.
B. Calculation of Child Support
[¶16] Van Overbeke also argues that, even if the court had the authority
to modify the child support order, it erred by calculating his support obligation
at $177 per week while the child resides in Maine. We agree.
[¶17] “We review the trial court’s award of child support for an abuse of
discretion and its factual findings for clear error.” Holbrook v. Holbrook,
2009 ME 80, ¶ 8, 976 A.2d 990 (quotation marks omitted). Based on that
review, it is clear that the court’s incorporated child support worksheet and 10
order are not fully supported by the record and contain determinations that
directly contradict other findings in the court’s judgment. First, the child
support worksheet lists Van Overbeke’s gross income as $80,000. That number
is contrary to the finding in the court’s judgment that his income is “about
$60,000” per year, and the record contains no evidence that would support a
finding that Van Overbeke makes $80,000 per year. Additionally, after finding
that Van Overbeke was responsible for three additional minor children, the
court was required to adjust his gross annual income based on a “theoretical
support obligation” for those children pursuant to the child support guidelines.
19-A M.R.S. § 2006(5)(A) (2017). The court’s adjustment of $156 annually to
reflect his obligation for those children is erroneous. See 19-A M.R.S.
§ 2006(5)(A); 17 C.M.R. 10 144 351-15 to -23 (2016).
[¶18] Finally, the court erred by failing to include “[t]he amount for
health insurance premiums” or “[a] requirement that private health insurance
. . . be provided for the benefit of the child” in its parental support obligation.
19-A M.R.S. § 2006(8)(C)(5), (H) (2017). Although the court found that “[t]he
record does not show whether a parent pays for health insurance,”
Van Overbeke’s child support affidavit indicates that he pays for the child’s
health insurance and, at the hearing, the court itself reiterated Petersen’s 11
request that “Van Overbeke continue to maintain [the child] on his health
insurance.” (Emphasis added.)
[¶19] Because of these errors in its calculations, the court “exceeded the
bounds of its discretion” when it ordered Van Overbeke to pay $177 per week
in child support for the weeks that the child resides in Maine.2 Payne v. Payne,
2006 ME 73, ¶ 11, 899 A.2d 793. We remand the case to the trial court for it to
calculate and order the correct amount of child support based on the evidence
presented at the hearing and the parties’ updated child support affidavits. See
M.R. Civ. P. 108(a),(d)(4); 17 C.M.R. 10 144 351-15 to -23.
The entry is:
Judgment vacated. Remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Michele D.L. Kenney, Esq., Houlton, for appellant Paul J. Van Overbeke
Aaron Fethke, Esq., Fethke Law Offices, Searsport, for appellee Katrina I. Petersen
Belfast District Court docket number FM-2008-22 FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY
2 In cases where an order contains such clear errors in the calculations of child support obligations, we encourage parties to file a motion to alter or amend the judgment pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 59(e). By notifying the trial court of its error through a motion to alter or amend the judgment, the parties could have saved the time and expense associated with this appeal.