J.T. Russell & Sons, Inc. v. Silver Birch Pond L.L.C.

721 S.E.2d 699, 217 N.C. App. 290, 2011 N.C. App. LEXIS 2421
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedDecember 6, 2011
DocketNo. COA11-159
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 721 S.E.2d 699 (J.T. Russell & Sons, Inc. v. Silver Birch Pond L.L.C.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
J.T. Russell & Sons, Inc. v. Silver Birch Pond L.L.C., 721 S.E.2d 699, 217 N.C. App. 290, 2011 N.C. App. LEXIS 2421 (N.C. Ct. App. 2011).

Opinion

CALABRIA, Judge.

J.T. Russell and Sons, Inc. (“plaintiff’) appeal from a judgment entered upon a jury verdict finding that plaintiff breached a contract with Silver Birch Pond, L.L.C. (“defendant”) and requiring plaintiff to pay $370,765.82 for this breach. We find no error in part and award plaintiff a new trial on the issue of damages.

[292]*292I. Background

Plaintiff is an asphalt paving contractor located in Albemarle, North Carolina. Defendant is a real estate developer. On 14 December 2007, plaintiff and defendant entered into a contract (“the paving contract”) whereby plaintiff agreed to pave the roadways in a residential subdivision, Silver Birch Pond (“the subdivision”), in Lincoln County.

According to the terms of the paving contract, plaintiff was required to “Furnish & Install 8” ABC Stone Base” and “Furnish & Install 1.5” SF9.5A Asphalt Pavement.” The contract further stated that the “stone and pavement thickness are minimum NCDOT Lincoln County Standards.” The estimated price for the paving job was $148,000.00, which was subject to change based upon variations in the price of asphalt liquid base.

Plaintiff installed the asphalt roadways in the subdivision on 18 April 2008. The following day, one of plaintiffs employees removed four core samples (“the JTR cores”) from the subdivision in order to determine if they complied with North Carolina Department of Transportation (“NCDOT”) standards. Testing revealed that the asphalt depth of the JTR cores was 1.75 inches, 2 inches, 1.5 inches, and 1.5 inches. The JTR cores were not tested for stone base thickness.

On 21 April 2008, Michelle Richards (“Richards”), an engineer with plaintiffs on-site engineering firm Boyle Consulting Engineers (“Boyle”), took four additional core samples (“the 2008 Boyle cores”). The asphalt thickness of the 2008 Boyle cores measured 1.52 inches, 1.61 inches, 1.52 inches, and 1.75 inches. Richards initially certified the 2008 Boyle cores as compliant with NCDOT requirements. However, Richards had mistakenly believed that only a six-inch stone base was required, and her certification reflected this mistake. Wright & Associates, the engineering firm overseeing the development of the subdivision, notified Richards of the mistake and requested that she provide the appropriate certification for an eight-inch stone base.

In May 2008, plaintiff sent defendant a bill for its completed paving services. The bill included a slight adjustment for an increase in asphalt prices, which was contemplated by the paving contract. With this increase, the bill totaled $152,870.96. Defendant refused to pay plaintiff. Consequently, on 25 September 2008, plaintiff initiated an action against defendant for breach of contract for failure to pay for plaintiff’s asphalt paving. Plaintiff sought the total amount due under the contract plus interest. On 3 December 2008, defendant filed an answer and counterclaim against plaintiff for breach of contract.

[293]*293Subsequently, Richards and Bob Townsend (“Townsend”), an NCDOT technician for Boyle, took seven additional sample cores on 23 January 2009 (“the January 2009 Boyle cores”). When tested, four of the sample cores had an asphalt thickness of less than 1.5 inches and two of the cores had a stone base of less than eight inches. These results led to a site meeting between Richards, Townsend, Wright & Associates engineer Miles Wright (“Wright”), Silver Birch owner Bob Johnson (“Johnson”) and NCDOT district engineer Jackie McSwain (“McSwain”). At that meeting, it was determined that three additional core samples would be taken to determine if the subdivision complied with NCDOT specifications.

Townsend extracted these three additional core samples on 8 May 2009 (“the May 2009 Boyle cores”). Testing indicated that one of the May 2009 Boyle cores had an asphalt thickness of less than 1.5 inches and another core had a stone base of less than eight inches. At this point, Richards determined that she could not certify the roadways in the subdivision as complying with NCDOT specifications.

Nonetheless, Wright & Associates submitted a certification to NCDOT on 5 June 2009 indicating that the roadways met NCDOT specifications. The certification included Richards’ certification of the asphalt depth from the 2008 Boyle cores. Shortly thereafter, Wright sent a letter to Johnson retracting his certification on the basis of the asphalt thickness tests that had been more recently conducted.

Beginning 7 September 2010, the case was tried by a jury in Stanly County Superior Court. During the trial, Johnson testified, over objection, that several NCDOT personnel had informed him that asphalt thickness depth is measured as a minimum over the course of an entire roadway. Richards also testified, without objection, that, based upon her familiarity with NCDOT guidelines, asphalt depth was measured as a minimum and not as an average of core samples.

Defendant presented evidence regarding its alleged damages. Johnson testified about the estimated costs of repair, engineering costs, and the problems he encountered in selling lots due to the problems with the asphalt. Richards testified about the additional engineering costs that would result from the process of repairing the road. Finally, Ryan Waddle (“Waddle”), the loan officer who was handling defendant’s development loan, testified about the amount of interest defendant had paid since the paving job was completed.

On 10 September 2010, the jury returned a verdict finding that defendant had not breached the paving contract and that plaintiff had [294]*294breached the contract. The jury awarded defendant $370,765.82 in damages. Plaintiff appeals.

II. Johnson’s Testimony

Plaintiff argues that the trial court erred by allowing Johnson to testify over a hearsay objection to a conversation he had with NCDOT personnel about minimum asphalt thickness. We disagree.

At trial, Johnson testified, over objection, that “more than one DOT person” told him that asphalt thickness “has to be a minimum . . . over the whole surface. It cannot be averaged out.” Plaintiff contends that this testimony constituted inadmissible hearsay. However, Richards also testified, without objection, as follows:

It is my understanding of the NCDOT that the stone thickness and the asphalt thickness is not an average, but a minimum. So if it says eight and an inch and a half, all the stones should be a minimum of eight, all the asphalt should be a minimum of an inch and a half. That’s my interpretation, my understanding based on — I’ve done — I’ve done NCDOT certification roadways in nine different counties working under several — not just Jackie McSwain, but working with several other resident engineers. And that’s always been their criteria, that it is a minimum standard.

Richards’ testimony was substantially the same as Johnson’s challenged testimony, and “it is the well-established rule that the admission of evidence without objection waives any prior or subsequent objection to the admission of evidence of a similar character.” Venters v. Albritton, 184 N.C. App. 230, 240, 645 S.E.2d 839, 846 (2007). Accordingly, plaintiff has waived this argument, and it is overruled.

III. Directed Verdict

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Bluebook (online)
721 S.E.2d 699, 217 N.C. App. 290, 2011 N.C. App. LEXIS 2421, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/jt-russell-sons-inc-v-silver-birch-pond-llc-ncctapp-2011.