COTTERAL, Circuit Judge.
Mary E. Johnson sued John M. Noble and the Magnolia Petroleum Company in the District Court of Oklahoma County, Okl., for slander of her title to certain tracts of land in Oklahoma City. She alleged her citizenship and that of Noble to be in Oklahoma and that of the Magnolia Company in Texas, where it was chartered. The cause was removed to the federal District Court by the Magnolia. Company, on the ground of a separable controversy with the plaintiff. The plaintiff moved to remand the case to the state court. That motion was denied by the District Judge.
The ease was tried to a jury and another judge. The defendants demurred to plaintiff’s evidence, and moved for a directed verdict for failure of the evidence to show a cause of action. Tho motions were sustained, and judgment was rendered against the plaintiff. She has appealed, but does not assign as error tho ruling on ihe motion to remand tho cause, raising the question of jurisdiction only in her argument and brief. However, ifc is the duty of this court to inquire on its own motion into the jurisdiction of the District Court. Mansfield, C. & L. M. R. Co. v. Swan, 111 U. S. 379, 4 S. Ct. 510, 28 L. Ed. 462; Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Willard, 220 U. S. 413, 31 S. Ct. 460, 55 L. Ed. 521; City of Gainesville v. Brown-Crummer Inv. Co. 277 U. S. 54, 48 S. Ct. 454, 72 L. Ed. 781; Teel v. Chesapeake & O. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 204 F. 918, 47 L. R. A. (N. S.) 21; Barnett v. Mayes (C. C. A.) 43 F.(2d) 521.
Diverse citizenship between all the parties on both sides of the suit was essential to federal jurisdiction, unless there was a separable controversy between the plaintiff and the Magnolia Company. Section 71, title 28, U. S. Code (28 USCA § 71). The jurisdictional question is to be determined upon plaintiff’s petition and the law of Oklahoma relative to joining’ tort-feasors in a suit. Alabama Great So. R. Co. v. Thompson, 200 U. S. 206, 26 S. Ct. 161, 50 L. Ed. 441, 4 Ann. Cas. 1147; Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. R. Co. v. Bohon, 200 U. S. 221, 26 S. Ct. 166, 50 L. Ed. 448, 4 Ann. Cas. 1152; Hay v. May Dept. Stores Company, 271 U. S. 318, 46 S. Ct. 498, 70 L. Ed. 965; Padgett v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 54 F.(2d) 576.
According to the petition, the plaintiff obtained title to the land as follows: Forest S. Myers acquired the land from the government and conveyed it to Eva Myers. She and her husband, D. L. Myers, conveyed the land to a plow company, and it in turn conveyed to Evan R. Williams. The latter, joined by his wife, conveyed it to the plaintiff. The deeds were recorded; the last of them on December 17, 1917.
It is further alleged that Noble obtained a deed from D. L. Myers and his wife, Eva Myers, thereafter, in January, 1923, recorded it in February, 1923, and executed an oil and gas lease thereon to the Magnolia Petroleum Company, which was recorded on January 10, 1929; that before and after the lease was made the plaintiff had opportunities to lease the property and to sell Die royalty interests therein; that, after Noble obtained his deed, of which the Magnolia Company had notice, plaintiff was offered large sums stated for a lease and the royalty interests in the land; that the defendants were advised of those offers, and plaintiff demanded a release of their claims to the land; that her attorney notified Noble he had no interest in the land; and that he had been instructed to bring suit to quiet plaintiff’s title and to recover damages for slander of the title by placing of record his deed and the lease, which prevented plaintiff from receiving a large sum for a lease and her mineral rights; that the plaintiff notified the Magnolia Company of her rights and interest, and furnished it an abstract of title setting out plaintiff’s title; that at various times thereafter the plaintiff notified Noble and the Magnolia Company of the offers she had for a lease and her royalty; that the recording of the deed and lease constituted a cloud upon plaintiff’s title, and prevented a sale by her of her lease and of her royalty, but the defendants continuously claimed the title thereto until she brought a suit and quieted her title against them.
It is alleged in the last sentence of the ninth paragraph of the petition that the recording by Noble of the deed of Myers and wife, of which the Magnolia Company had notice, and the recording of the lease by the company were done by defendants with knowledge of plaintiff’s rights, and with the intent of doing a wrongful act to her title without justification or excuse.
[398]*398The defendants filed separate answers, challenging the sufficiency of the petition, and pleading denials and matters of defense.
It was the theory of the plaintiff that the acts of recording the deed and the lease, with notice .of her title and a wrongful purpose, combined to slander her title, and that she was entitled, under the prevailing law and procedure in Oklahoma, to maintain her suit therefor against both defendants. We think the plaintiff was right, as we understand the pertinent decisions. Northup v. Eakes, 72 Okl. 66, 178 P. 266; City of Tulsa v. Wells, 79 Okl. 39, 191 P. 186; Cain v. Quannah L. & I. Co., 131 Okl. 25, 267 P. 641; Hunt v. Rowton, 143 Okl. 181, 288 P. 342; Tidal Oil Co. v. Pease, 153 Okl. 137, 5 P.(2d) 389, 391; Morgan v. Hines (D. C.) 260 F. 585; Centerville State Bank v. National Surety Co. (C. C. A.) 37 F.(2d) 338; Padgett v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 54 F.(2d) 576, 577.
In the Pease Case, quoting from 38 Cyc. 488, it was said that “to make tort-feasors liable jointly there must be some sort of community in the wrong-doing, and the injury must be in some way due to their joint work, but it is not necessary that they be acting together or in concert if their concurring negligence occasions the injury.”
And in the Padgett Case it was said:
“It is the rule in Oklahoma that tort feasors may be joined in an action or sued separately at the election of the plaintiff. He has' a right to maintain a suit in either way.”
It was therefore unavailing to the Magnolia Company to allege, as it did in its petition for removal, that there was a separable controversy between it and the plaintiff, as Noble claimed no interest in the lease, and the company claimed none in the royalty, and he was not liable for the refusal of the company to discharge the lease, and the company is not liable for his failure to remove his deed as a cloud on the title. According to the decisions, plaintiff was entitled to allege the acts of both as slandering her title; and the Magnolia Company could not separate or differently describe her cause of action, which she elected to make joint. The petition is decisive, where there is no claim of fraudulent joinder. Hay v. May Dept. Stores Company, 271 U. S. 318, 46 S. Ct. 498, 70 L. Ed. 965.
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COTTERAL, Circuit Judge.
Mary E. Johnson sued John M. Noble and the Magnolia Petroleum Company in the District Court of Oklahoma County, Okl., for slander of her title to certain tracts of land in Oklahoma City. She alleged her citizenship and that of Noble to be in Oklahoma and that of the Magnolia Company in Texas, where it was chartered. The cause was removed to the federal District Court by the Magnolia. Company, on the ground of a separable controversy with the plaintiff. The plaintiff moved to remand the case to the state court. That motion was denied by the District Judge.
The ease was tried to a jury and another judge. The defendants demurred to plaintiff’s evidence, and moved for a directed verdict for failure of the evidence to show a cause of action. Tho motions were sustained, and judgment was rendered against the plaintiff. She has appealed, but does not assign as error tho ruling on ihe motion to remand tho cause, raising the question of jurisdiction only in her argument and brief. However, ifc is the duty of this court to inquire on its own motion into the jurisdiction of the District Court. Mansfield, C. & L. M. R. Co. v. Swan, 111 U. S. 379, 4 S. Ct. 510, 28 L. Ed. 462; Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Willard, 220 U. S. 413, 31 S. Ct. 460, 55 L. Ed. 521; City of Gainesville v. Brown-Crummer Inv. Co. 277 U. S. 54, 48 S. Ct. 454, 72 L. Ed. 781; Teel v. Chesapeake & O. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 204 F. 918, 47 L. R. A. (N. S.) 21; Barnett v. Mayes (C. C. A.) 43 F.(2d) 521.
Diverse citizenship between all the parties on both sides of the suit was essential to federal jurisdiction, unless there was a separable controversy between the plaintiff and the Magnolia Company. Section 71, title 28, U. S. Code (28 USCA § 71). The jurisdictional question is to be determined upon plaintiff’s petition and the law of Oklahoma relative to joining’ tort-feasors in a suit. Alabama Great So. R. Co. v. Thompson, 200 U. S. 206, 26 S. Ct. 161, 50 L. Ed. 441, 4 Ann. Cas. 1147; Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. R. Co. v. Bohon, 200 U. S. 221, 26 S. Ct. 166, 50 L. Ed. 448, 4 Ann. Cas. 1152; Hay v. May Dept. Stores Company, 271 U. S. 318, 46 S. Ct. 498, 70 L. Ed. 965; Padgett v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 54 F.(2d) 576.
According to the petition, the plaintiff obtained title to the land as follows: Forest S. Myers acquired the land from the government and conveyed it to Eva Myers. She and her husband, D. L. Myers, conveyed the land to a plow company, and it in turn conveyed to Evan R. Williams. The latter, joined by his wife, conveyed it to the plaintiff. The deeds were recorded; the last of them on December 17, 1917.
It is further alleged that Noble obtained a deed from D. L. Myers and his wife, Eva Myers, thereafter, in January, 1923, recorded it in February, 1923, and executed an oil and gas lease thereon to the Magnolia Petroleum Company, which was recorded on January 10, 1929; that before and after the lease was made the plaintiff had opportunities to lease the property and to sell Die royalty interests therein; that, after Noble obtained his deed, of which the Magnolia Company had notice, plaintiff was offered large sums stated for a lease and the royalty interests in the land; that the defendants were advised of those offers, and plaintiff demanded a release of their claims to the land; that her attorney notified Noble he had no interest in the land; and that he had been instructed to bring suit to quiet plaintiff’s title and to recover damages for slander of the title by placing of record his deed and the lease, which prevented plaintiff from receiving a large sum for a lease and her mineral rights; that the plaintiff notified the Magnolia Company of her rights and interest, and furnished it an abstract of title setting out plaintiff’s title; that at various times thereafter the plaintiff notified Noble and the Magnolia Company of the offers she had for a lease and her royalty; that the recording of the deed and lease constituted a cloud upon plaintiff’s title, and prevented a sale by her of her lease and of her royalty, but the defendants continuously claimed the title thereto until she brought a suit and quieted her title against them.
It is alleged in the last sentence of the ninth paragraph of the petition that the recording by Noble of the deed of Myers and wife, of which the Magnolia Company had notice, and the recording of the lease by the company were done by defendants with knowledge of plaintiff’s rights, and with the intent of doing a wrongful act to her title without justification or excuse.
[398]*398The defendants filed separate answers, challenging the sufficiency of the petition, and pleading denials and matters of defense.
It was the theory of the plaintiff that the acts of recording the deed and the lease, with notice .of her title and a wrongful purpose, combined to slander her title, and that she was entitled, under the prevailing law and procedure in Oklahoma, to maintain her suit therefor against both defendants. We think the plaintiff was right, as we understand the pertinent decisions. Northup v. Eakes, 72 Okl. 66, 178 P. 266; City of Tulsa v. Wells, 79 Okl. 39, 191 P. 186; Cain v. Quannah L. & I. Co., 131 Okl. 25, 267 P. 641; Hunt v. Rowton, 143 Okl. 181, 288 P. 342; Tidal Oil Co. v. Pease, 153 Okl. 137, 5 P.(2d) 389, 391; Morgan v. Hines (D. C.) 260 F. 585; Centerville State Bank v. National Surety Co. (C. C. A.) 37 F.(2d) 338; Padgett v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 54 F.(2d) 576, 577.
In the Pease Case, quoting from 38 Cyc. 488, it was said that “to make tort-feasors liable jointly there must be some sort of community in the wrong-doing, and the injury must be in some way due to their joint work, but it is not necessary that they be acting together or in concert if their concurring negligence occasions the injury.”
And in the Padgett Case it was said:
“It is the rule in Oklahoma that tort feasors may be joined in an action or sued separately at the election of the plaintiff. He has' a right to maintain a suit in either way.”
It was therefore unavailing to the Magnolia Company to allege, as it did in its petition for removal, that there was a separable controversy between it and the plaintiff, as Noble claimed no interest in the lease, and the company claimed none in the royalty, and he was not liable for the refusal of the company to discharge the lease, and the company is not liable for his failure to remove his deed as a cloud on the title. According to the decisions, plaintiff was entitled to allege the acts of both as slandering her title; and the Magnolia Company could not separate or differently describe her cause of action, which she elected to make joint. The petition is decisive, where there is no claim of fraudulent joinder. Hay v. May Dept. Stores Company, 271 U. S. 318, 46 S. Ct. 498, 70 L. Ed. 965.
During the production of the evidence, plaintiff was giyen leave to amend the last Sentence of the ninth paragraph of her petition to read, in substance, that at the time Noble took and recorded his deed, of which the Magnolia Company had notice, and the company took and recorded its lease, the taking of the deed and lease were done with full knowledge of plaintiff’s rights, and the deed was taken and the lease was given with the intent of doing a wrongful act to plaintiff’s title and with the malicious intent to slander her title and prevent her from disposing of the property.
But .those averments do not in our judgment support the jurisdiction of the federal court. Their only tendency is to restrict the eomplaint to the tortious acts of Noble, and to allege, not only no separable controversy with the Magnolia Company, but none at all. But we do not mean to pass on the amendment except in so far as it pertains to the removal of the suit.
We are of the opinion that there was no separable controversy in the case, and that there was error in refusing the motion to remand it to the state court. The judgment of the District Court is reversed, with direction to so remand the case.
Reversed and remanded.