Johnson v. Capps

415 N.E.2d 108, 1981 Ind. App. LEXIS 1228
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedJanuary 27, 1981
Docket3-180A20
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 415 N.E.2d 108 (Johnson v. Capps) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnson v. Capps, 415 N.E.2d 108, 1981 Ind. App. LEXIS 1228 (Ind. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinions

[110]*110HOFFMAN, Judge.

Appellant, Henrietta M. Johnson, appeals from the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights with respect to her natural daughter. Johnson raises the following four issues for review:

(1) whether compliance with Indiana’s Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act is a prerequisite to the trial court’s subject-matter jurisdiction;
(2) whether Johnson was denied due process and equal protection by the trial court’s denial of her request for a court appointed attorney;
(3) whether the evidence is sufficient to establish Johnson’s unjustifiable failure to communicate with her daughter; and
(4) whether the court improperly considered the best interests of the child prior to a proper adjudication of Johnson’s relinquishment of parental rights.

Johnson and appellee, Donald A. Capps, are the natural parents of Donna Lorraine Capps. Pursuant to a dissolution decree entered by the Porter Superior Court in 1975, Donna has been in the custody of her paternal grandparents in Illinois.

On March 1, 1979 Donald filed a verified petition for termination of the parental rights of Johnson pursuant to IC 1971, 31-3-1-7 (Burns Code Ed.) (repealed effective October 1,1979). Johnson, a California resident was served by certified mail. A verified answer to Donald’s petition was filed by Johnson, through a California attorney on March 29, 1979.

On May 14, 1979 the California attorney mailed an unverified letter to the trial judge requesting the appointment of a local public defender to represent Johnson. Alternatively, he requested that either Donald be directed to pay Johnson’s transportation expenses to Indiana or that the matter be submitted on interrogatories and/or depositions taken in California. These requests were denied on the day of the trial. On May 24, 1979 the trial court heard evidence and entered its findings and conclusions terminating Johnson’s parental rights.

Johnson initially contends that this case should be determined under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA). IC 1971, 31-1-11.6-1 et seq. (1979 Burns Supp.).1 According to Johnson, if the UCCJA is properly applied, an Indiana court would lack subject-matter jurisdiction.

While it is true, as Johnson asserts, that a termination of parental rights is the ultimate determination of child custody as to that parent, it does not follow that such a case necessarily falls under the UCCJA. The purpose of the UCCJA is to provide guidelines in determining a court’s jurisdiction to make a custody determination. According to IC 1971, 31-1-11.6-2(2) “ ‘[custody determination’ means a court decision and court orders and instructions providing for the custody of a child, including visitation rights.... ” The instant action however was not brought for the purpose of establishing or modifying a custody decree, but rather, to terminate all parental rights of the mother. Termination of parental rights is a statutory mechanism which permits a child to be adopted without the consent of a parent. See, IC 1971, 31-3-1-6(g)(4) and 31-3-1-7 (Burns Code Ed.). As such, jurisdiction for the termination of parental rights is not encompassed by the UCCJA, but instead, is properly determined under the adoption statutes.

IC 1971, 31-3-1-1 (Burns Code Ed.) sets out of the jurisdictional requisites for adoption proceedings as follows:

“Any resident of this state desirous of adopting any person under twenty-one [21] years of age, hereinafter referred to as a child, may by attorney of record file [111]*111a petition with the clerk of the court having jurisdiction in probate matters in the county where such petitioner resides or in which is located any duly licensed child-placing agency or governmental agency having custody of such child, or in the county where such child may be found.”

Donald does not literally come under this statute because he is not seeking to adopt his own child. Essentially however, Donald’s petition seeks to open the way for a future adoption without the consent of the mother. Since the Legislature has not enacted a separate statute granting courts jurisdiction under these circumstances, a court having jurisdiction over probate matters in the county where the petitioner resides has jurisdiction to terminate parental rights.

Johnson asserts that the adoption statutes are not applicable because no adoption was pending at the time of trial. This argument is contrary to IC 1971,31-3-1-7 which provides in part:

“When the petition is filed the adoption of the minor child need not be immediately contemplated, and the purpose of the petition may be to facilitate adoption when adoptive opportunities arise.”

In the present case Donald’s attorney stated at the hearing that ultimately Donald would like to be remarried and have his spouse adopt the child. Johnson’s argument in this regard must fail.

Johnson in her reply brief raises a “minimal contacts” argument in an apparent challenge to the court’s jurisdiction over her person. This argument was not raised in the pretrial pleadings nor the motion to correct errors. Jurisdiction over the person, unlike subject-matter jurisdiction, cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. Allstate Ins. Co. v. Morrisson et al. (1970), 146 Ind.App. 497, 256 N.E.2d 918; Becker v. Ind. Nat'l Bank, etc. et al. (1958), 128 Ind.App. 678, 149 N.E.2d 832. Johnson has therefore waived this issue.

Johnson next argues that the trial court erred in failing to appoint local counsel despite notice that she was indigent. Johnson cites numerous cases for the proposition that due process and equal protection compel the appointment of counsel to an indigent parent whose parental rights may be terminated in a court proceeding. She ignores however the threshold question of whether the court was properly petitioned for appointment of counsel.

IC 1971, 34-1-1-3 (Burns Code Ed.) provides:

“Poor person, attorney for.—Any poor person not having sufficient means to prosecute or defend an action may apply to the court in which the action is intended to be brought, or is pending, for leave to prosecute or defend, as a poor person. The court, if satisfied that such person has not sufficient means to prosecute or defend the action, shall admit the applicant to prosecute or defend as a poor person, and shall assign him an attorney to defend or prosecute the cause, and all other officers requisite for the prosecution or defense, who shall do their duty therein without taking any fee or reward therefor from such poor person.”

A trial court in its sound discretion may appoint an attorney under the statute, however, a failure to appoint an attorney will be reviewed only for an abuse of discretion. State ex rel. Jones v. Smith, State ex rel. Jones v. Hornaday (1942), 220 Ind. 645, 45 N.E.2d 203, 46 N.E.2d 199; Hoey v. McCarthy (1890), 124 Ind. 464, 24 N.E. 1038.

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Bluebook (online)
415 N.E.2d 108, 1981 Ind. App. LEXIS 1228, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnson-v-capps-indctapp-1981.