Johnny Lee Cronnon v. State of Alabama

587 F.2d 246, 1979 U.S. App. LEXIS 17779
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
DecidedJanuary 8, 1979
Docket77-3393
StatusPublished
Cited by83 cases

This text of 587 F.2d 246 (Johnny Lee Cronnon v. State of Alabama) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnny Lee Cronnon v. State of Alabama, 587 F.2d 246, 1979 U.S. App. LEXIS 17779 (5th Cir. 1979).

Opinions

COLEMAN, Circuit Judge.

This is a case in which a man convicted of the particularly revolting murder of a fifteen year old female was nailed by the tattoo of a nude woman on his left forearm.

Relying on the contents of the state court records, the District Court denied Johnny Lee Cronnon’s petition for habeas corpus.

Cronnon was convicted of first degree murder in the Circuit Court of Etowah County, Alabama.1 We have already rejected a claim that the evidence was insufficient to convict, Cronnon v. Alabama, 5 Cir. 1977, 557 F.2d 472.2 We remanded, for [248]*248consideration on the merits, claims which the District Court had declined to reach. On remand, that Court again denied habeas corpus relief. The case is here again. For the second time, we affirm.

I.

Cronnon first contends that the state trial court denied him due process by permitting an in-court identification which was based, at least in part, upon an unduly suggestive pretrial photographic identification.

Although the facts are discussed in detail in the reported opinion of the Alabama Court of Appeals, 56 Ala.App. 192, 320 So.2d 697 (1975),3 we briefly note the basic outline.

In Gadsden, Alabama, at about 8:55 p. m. on April 12, 1974, Jeanne Marie Aiello, a fifteen-year-old, left on foot for the C-Mart Grocery Store. Across the street from the C-Mart was the Zippy Mart. At the Zippy Mart, Donovan Hawthorne was sitting in his car while his wife was inside shopping. He saw the girl walk to, and return from the C-Mart.

Hawthorne also observed a blond haired male pull into the Zippy Mart parking lot shortly after the girl walked by on her way to the C-Mart. The male went inside the Zippy Mart, where he remained for about two minutes:

walked in — went in the front — went down in front and went over to the book-stand and turned around and looked out the window, walked back across and down in front of the counter and around toward the back and turned around and come back around to the peanut stand and picked up a bag of peanuts and bought them and come out.

320 So.2d at 700.

Hawthorne then observed the individual head toward his car, which was parked near the dirt road running between the girl’s home and the Zippy Mart. However when Hawthorne next looked, the man had disappeared but his car was still there. Shortly afterwards, Hawthorne observed Miss Aiel-lo, returning from the C-Mart, walk down this particular dirt road. About one or two minutes later Hawthorne heard the car “crank up” and observed it going down that dirt road in the same direction Miss Aiello had taken. About a minute later the car turned around and drove off the dirt road onto the highway “at a pretty high rate of speed and almost run into us”.

Early the next morning the girl’s body was found, nude and mutilated. Hawthorne heard about it on the radio and that afternoon he gave a written statement to the police. He provided the police with a detailed description of the male he had observed. The man was described as a 20-24 year old white male who was about 5'8"— 5'9" tall and weighed about 160-170. He had “Blonde Hair with a black streak in his hair on the right side” and, further, he had a mustache. Hawthorne also pointed out that the man had a tattoo of a woman on his left forearm. Finally, the man had driven a “1966 Chev. White Impala” with a loud muffler.

In addition to providing a written statement, Hawthorne unsuccessfully attempted to identify the male suspect from a set of photographs which the police brought to his house.

About one or two months after the murder, police officers brought Hawthorne six [249]*249mug shots. He identified Cronnon as the man he had seen, as above related.

At trial Hawthorne identified Cronnon as the individual he had observed at the Zippy Mart.

Cronnon contends that such in-court identification was inadmissible due to the suggestive police identification procedures followed prior to trial and, further, that the court below erred in failing to hold an evi-dentiary hearing at which such contentions could be proved.

The District Court properly resolved the identification claim without resorting to an evidentiary hearing. A federal habeas court is not required to hold such a hearing unless, at a minimum, the habeas corpus applicant alleges facts which, if proved, would entitle him to relief. Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 312, 83 S.Ct. 745, 9 L.Ed.2d 770 (1963); see also Bloodworth v. Hopper, 5 Cir. 1976, 539 F.2d 1382, 1384; United States v. Smith, 5 Cir. 1977, 546 F.2d 1275, 1279, and cases cited therein.

Moreover, there was a detailed court record as to how the identification was accomplished.

The question, then, is whether the in-court identification followed a photographic identification procedure which was “so im-permissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification” and thus was constitutionally inadmissible. See Manson v. Brathwaite, 432 U.S. 98, 109-14, 97 S.Ct. 2243, 53 L.Ed.2d 140 (1977); Simmons v. United States, 390 U.S. 377, 384, 88 S.Ct. 967, 971, 19 L.Ed.2d 1247 (1968).

[The] inquiry is whether the identification procedure was unnecessarily suggestive; if so, the court must then determine whether the procedure created a substantial risk of misidentification.
Swicegood v. Alabama, 5 Cir. 1978, 577 F.2d 1322, 1325.

See also United States v. Smith, supra, 546 F.2d at 1279, and cases cited therein.

Cronnon maintains that the photographic array in the second identification session was “unnecessarily suggestive” because the Cronnon photograph was the only one of the six photographs showing an individual with blond hair. Even if it be conceded that the pretrial identification procedure was unnecessarily suggestive, there are no facts in dispute which would tend to establish that the procedure created a substantial risk of misidentification. What we have here is an argument over the legal implications to be drawn from undisputed facts. An evidentiary hearing is not required under such circumstances. Anderson v. Mag-gio, 5 Cir. 1977, 555 F.2d 447, 452-53.

The District Court held that the admission of the in-court identification did not deprive Cronnon of due process. This was not error. Even if it is assumed that the pretrial identification procedure was “unnecessarily suggestive” it must nonetheless be remembered that “reliability is the linchpin in determining the admissibility of identification testimony”. Manson v. Brathwaite, supra, 432 U.S. at 114, 97 S.Ct. at 2253.

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Bluebook (online)
587 F.2d 246, 1979 U.S. App. LEXIS 17779, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnny-lee-cronnon-v-state-of-alabama-ca5-1979.