John E Baker v. Department of Commerce

Merit Systems Protection Board·Decided January 30, 2025·No. DE-0432-21-0028-I-1·Unpublished

Opinion

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

JOHN E. BAKER, JR., DOCKET NUMBER Appellant, DE-0432-21-0028-I-1

v.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, DATE: January 30, 2025 Agency.

THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

Cynthia K. Singletary , Haltom City, Texas, for the appellant.

Derrick Storm , Rockville, Maryland, for the appellant.

Ryan Holguin , Esquire, Suitland, Maryland, for the agency.

BEFORE

Cathy A. Harris, Chairman* Raymond A. Limon, Vice Chairman Henry J. Kerner, Member

*The Board members voted on this decision before January 20, 2025.

1 A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders, but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c). 2

FINAL ORDER

The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which affirmed his removal for unacceptable performance under 5 U.S.C. chapter 43. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review. Except as expressly MODIFIED to apply (1) the current standards to the agency’s unacceptable performance charge, and (2) the Board’s recent case law to the appellant’s affirmative defense of status-based disability discrimination, we AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the Board’s final decision.

BACKGROUND The appellant was a GS-03 Field Representative for the agency’s Census Bureau. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 7 at 21. The appellant’s major duties included administering surveys by conducting interviews and recording the responses. Id. at 190-91. His performance standards included five critical elements with varying weights, and his performance in each element was rated on a 5-tier scale, with level 1 denoting unacceptable performance. Id. at 109. Under the agency’s performance appraisal system, a rating of level 1 in any element 3

would result in a rating of level 1 overall. Id. The appellant’s performance cycle ran from October 1 through September 30 of each year. Id. at 111. The performance element at issue in this appeal is “Interviewing, Listing, and Sampling.” To achieve a minimally successful level 2 rating in this element, the appellant needed to, among other things, achieve a “cumulative response rate score” of at least 1.5. Id. at 117, 173. To calculate the response rate score, the agency employs a mathematical formula that accounts for a variety of factors, but the primary component of the calculation is the number of interviews assigned versus the number of interviews actually conducted. Id. at 75-81. Generally speaking, the higher that percentage, the higher the response rate score will be. Id. On May 14, 2019, the agency notified the appellant that his average cumulative response rate score from October 2018 through March 2019 was 1.05, and that his performance in the critical element of Interviewing, Listing, and Sampling was therefore at an unacceptable level midway through the performance year. Id. at 73-85. The agency informed the appellant that it would place him on a 90-day performance improvement plan (PIP), from June 1 through August 31, 2019, to give him an opportunity to demonstrate acceptable performance. Id. The agency warned the appellant that failure to improve his weighted average cumulative response rate during the PIP period to at least a 1.5 could result in administrative action, up to and including removal. Id. at 83. After the close of the PIP, on September 26, 2019, the agency sent the appellant a letter informing him that his weighted average cumulative response rate during the PIP was 1.08, and that he had therefore failed to demonstrate acceptable performance in the critical element of Interviewing, Listing, and Sampling. Id. at 45-46. The agency followed up on May 28, 2020, with a proposal to remove the appellant for unacceptable performance under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. chapter 43. Id. at 34-42. The agency sent this notice to 4

the appellant’s address of record. 2 Id. at 34, 43-44. The appellant did not respond to the proposal, and on September 24, 2020, the agency issued a decision sustaining the charge and removing the appellant effective October 2, 2020. Id. at 21-30. The appellant filed a Board appeal, contesting the merits of the agency’s action and raising affirmative defenses of violation of due process, harmful procedural error, and disability discrimination. IAF, Tab 1 at 4, Tab 24 at 4. After a hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision affirming the appellant’s removal. IAF, Tab 30, Initial Decision (ID). She found that the agency met its burden of proof on each of the elements of its case and that the appellant failed to prove his affirmative defenses. ID at 6-26. The appellant has filed a petition for review, disputing the administrative judge’s analysis of his due process and harmful error claims. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. The agency has filed a response. PFR File, Tab 3.

ANALYSIS The agency proved its case by substantial evidence. Before removing an employee for unacceptable performance under 5 U.S.C. chapter 43, an agency must satisfy certain procedural requirements. See 5 C.F.R. §§ 432.104, 432.105. Consequently, the agency’s case-in-chief consists of numerous elements, each of which it must prove by substantial evidence. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(b)(1)(i). The Board’s case law has not been particularly consistent in describing these elements of proof, and the Board has rendered various formulations of them over the years. Compare, e.g., White v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 120 M.S.P.R. 405, ¶ 5 (2013), with Gonzalez v. Department of Transportation, 109 M.S.P.R. 250, ¶ 6 (2008), and Belcher v. Department of

2 It appears to be undisputed that, as a Field Representative, the appellant did not have an office but rather worked out of his home or in the field, and therefore all communications between him and the agency took place electronically, by telephone, or by mail. IAF, Tab 7 at 16, 186-87. 5

the Air Force, 82 M.S.P.R. 230, ¶ 4 (1999), and Kadlec v. Department of the Army, 49 M.S.P.R. 534, 539 (1991). The administrative judge in this case used yet another formulation of the agency’s burden as set forth in Muff v. Department of Commerce, 117 M.S.P.R.

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John E Baker v. Department of Commerce, (Miss. 2025).

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