John Blickenstaff v. United Parcel Service, Inc.

• Court: Kentucky Supreme Court
• Decided: February 15, 2018
• Docket: 2017-SC-0008
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

IMPORTANT NOTICE NOT.TO BE PUBLISHED OPINION , I

THIS OPINION IS DESIGNATED "NOT TO BE PUBLISHED." PURSUANT TO THE RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE PROMULGATED BY THE SUPREME COURT, CR 76.28(4)(C), THIS OPINION IS NOT TO BE PUBLISHED AND SHALL NOT BE CITED OR USED AS BINDING PRECEDENT IN ANY OTHER CASE IN ANY COURT OF THIS STATE; HOWEVER, _ UNPUBLISHED KENTUCKY APPELLATE DECISIONS, RENDERED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2003, MAY BE CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT IF THERE IS NO PUBLISHED OPINION THAT WOULD ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE ISSUE BEFORE THE COURT. OPINIONS CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT SHALL BE SET OUT AS AN UNPUBLISHED DECISION IN THE FILED DOCUMENT AND A COPY OF THE ENTIRE DECISION SHALL BE TENDERED ALONG WITH THE DOCUMENT TO THE COURT AND ALL PARTIES TO THE ACTION. \ RENDERED: FEBRUARY 15, 2018 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

JOHN BLICKENSTAFF APPELLANT

ON APPEAL FROM COURT OF APPEALS V. CASE NO. 2016-CA-0011119-WC WORKERS' COMPENSATION BOARD NO. 15-WC-90088

UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC.; APPELLEES HON. JOHN B. COLEMAN, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE; AND WORKERS' COMPENSATION BOARD

MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT

AFFIRMING

Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS) 342.185 requires that notice of a work-

related injury be provided to the employer "as soon as practicable after the

happening thereof." The administr~tive law judge (AW) in this case determined

that Appellant John Blickenstaff failed to comply with this directive when he

did not report a workplace injury occurring sometime in late September 2014

to his employer, Appellee United Parcel Service (UPS), until Match 28, 2015.

On appeal, both the Workers' Compensation Board and the Court of Appeals

affirmed the AW's dismissal of the claim for failure to give timely notice as

required by KRS 342.185. Having reviewed the record, we affirm. RELEVANT FACTS

Blickenstaff began working for .UPS part-time in June 2000 as a package

handler and transitioned to full-time work in November 2011. In the fall of

2014, he was working as a package handler involved in "sort out" (reading

labels and sorting packages) on the twilight shift and then as an irregular train

driver on the night shift. The latter position required sorting irregular

packages onto a cart, pulling the cart over to a slide and then pushing the

boxes up an incline.

Blickenstaff sought medical treatment in early October 2014 for low· back

pain and was treated by Drs. Lisa Feng a~d Peter Liu of the Lexington Clinic.

At that time there was no indication of any work injury. Blickenstaff was off

work for much of October through mid-December 2014 but he would later

testify that he lost no time due to any work injury. It was undisputed that he

took FMLA (Family Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq.) leave from

October 1, 2014 through late November 2014. The FMLA leave request was for

"my own medical condition" and contained no further explanation.

On November 3, 2014, Blickenstaff sought treatment for low back pain

from Dr. Joseph Zerga, a neurologist, to whom he related a September 22,

2014 work injury that involved pain in his back and leg as he lifted a box.

Blickenstaff indicated that he had not reported the injury to his employer, UPS. r Heather Helton, Blickenstaff's twilight shift supervisor, testified that

despite his training regarding workplace irijuries and the need for immediate

reporting, Blickenstaff did not report an injury to her at any time in 2014. She

2 first became aware of an alleged injury when UPS filed a report on March 23,

2015, indicating that Blickenstaff was claiming a September 27, 2014 injury.I

Similarly, Todd Padgett, a UPS twilight shift manager, was unaware of

Blickenstaffs injury claim u.ntil March 2015 when Blickenstaff began inquiring

about payment of medical bills. A first report of injury was completed at that

time. Padgett testified that Blickenstaff was familiar with the workers'

compensation process and workplace injury claims, having reported three prior

injuries, including one, a 2006 left elbow injury, which resulted in temporary

total disability benefits. A third UPS employee, Clay Ramsey, was .

Blickenstaffs supervisor on the night shift during September. 2014. He was

unaware of Blickenstaffs claim until late 2015 sho.rtly before he was asked to

give a deposition.

Blickenstaff testified that he did give notice to UPS, having told a

supervisor, Jordan Burton, in the summer of 2014 that he had back pain, as

well as his "supervisor" Heather Smith on October 1, 2104. Neither of these

individuals testified or provided statements in the subsequent workers'

compensation proceeding, and UPS had no record of any reported injuries by

Blickenstaff until March 2015 when UPS completed a report based on

'Blickenstaffs inquiries. ,-- On June 1, 2015, Blickenstaff filed a claim against UPS alleging an

injury during the course and scope of his employment on October 1, 2014. He

1 This date is five days ~ter the injury date that Blickenstaff gave Dr. Zerga..

3 later amended the injury date to on or around September 29, 2014. (It was

undisputed·that Blickenstaff was off work on October 1, 2014, the original

injury date identified in his claim.)

The AW heard from Blickenstaff at the formal hearing and considered

his deposition. The AW also considered the depositions of the three UPS

employees, Heather Helton, Todd Padgett, and Clay Ramsey. In addition, he

considered the records of Drs. Feng and Liu; the Lexington Clinic physical

therapy records; the chiropractic records of Dr. Michael Pugh, D.C.; the

medical records and a letter from Dr. Joseph Zerga, the treating neurologist;

and an independent medical examination by Dr. Frank Burke, an orthopedic.

surgeon. The AW was "convinced" from Dr. Zerga's records and the totality of

the evidence that Blickenstaff suffered a specific traumatic injury at work on

·september 22, 2014. As the AW stated, "This is important given the fact the

notice requirement is different for specific traumatic injuries as opposed to

cumulative trauma injuries." The AW further found .UPS's "version of events"

regarding not receiving notice of Blickenstaffs September 2014 injury until

March 2015 to be more credible. The six-month delay in giving UPS notice,

according to the AW,""was not explained" and that, coupled with Blickenstaffs

inconsistency in identifying the date of injury (offering dates from September

22 through October 1), led the AW to conclude that the law compelled

dismissal because "notice was not given as soon as practicable under the

circumstances and there was no excuse for the delay."

4 After carefully examining and reviewing the record, the Board affirmed,

rejecting Blickenstaffs argument that he suffered a gradual injury at UPS

rather than a specific trauma injury. Finding that the record contained

· substantial evidence supporting the AW's finding of a specific trauma injury,

the Board noted that "no physician of record indicated cumulative trauma

caused either the underlying condition or the increase in symptoms·

experienced in September or October 2014." The Board. concluded that the

AW had analyzed the notice issue correctly under Kentucky law and that

Blickenstaff did not meet his burden for overturning the AW's decision by .

showing that overwhelming evidence compelled a contrary conclusion.

The Court of Appeals, like the Board, unanimously affirmed. That Court

found substantial evidence supported the AW's findings and the law ·regarding

notice pursuant to KRS 342.185 was correctly applied.

ANALYSIS

As .a workers' compensation claimant, Blickenstaff has the burden of

proving all elements of his claim, Wolf Creek Collieries v. Crum, 673 S.W.2d 735

(Ky. App. 1984), including the element of timely notice to his employer. Special

Fund v. Francis, 708 S.W.2d 641, 643 (Ky. 1986). The AW is charged with

fact-finding and has the sole authority to determine the quality, character and

substance of the evidence. Square D Co. v. Ti.pton, 862 S.W.2d 308; 309 (Ky.

1993). On review of the AW's decision, the issue is whether there is

substantial evidence of probative value supporting his findings. Whittaker v.

Rowland, 998 S.W.2d 479, 481-82 (Ky. 1999). For Blickenstaff to secure relief

5 on review, he must establish that the evidence was so overwhelming that it

compelled a contrary finding -- a finding in his favor. Special Fund, 708

S.W.2d at 643. The Board, the Court of Appeals and this Court apply that

same standard as to factual findings, and also consider whether the ALJ

overlooked or misconstrued controlling statutes or precedent. Western Baptist

Hosp. v. Kelly, 827 S.W.2d 685, 687-88 (Ky. 1992).

Blickenstaff first argues that the AW erred in finding that he suffered a

specific injury as opposed to a gradual repetitive injury. As the ALJ noted, the

nature of a work-related injury is important because it affects the giving of

notice. Citing Hill v. Sextet Mining Corp., 65 S.W.3d 503 (Ky. 2001),

Blickenstaff alleges the AW erred in finding a specific traumatic injury and

should have instead-deemed his injury a gradual work injury, which would

have relieved him of any obligation to give notice until a medical professional

informed him that his back issues were work-related. He maintains that there

was no· such medical diagnosis and causation determination until September

2015 (six.months after his compensation claim was filed) when he was

evaluated by Dr. Frank Burke.

Having reviewed the re.cord, like the Board and Court of Appeals, we find

substantial evidence to support the AW's finding that Blickenstaff suffered a

specific traumatic injury sometime in late September 2014. Although the exact

date may be subject to some dispute, Blickenstaffs history to Dr. Zerga on

November 3, 2014, reflected in c'ontemporaneous medical records,

substantially supports a September 22, 2014 injury. The record contains no

6 . evidence, much less overwhelming evic:Ience, that compels a contrary finding.

Indeed, as the Board aptly noted "no physician of record indicated cumulative

trauma caused either the underlying condition or the increase in symptoms

experienced in September or October 2014." The ALJ did not err in finding a

specific traumatic injury.

After suffering the September 2014 work injury, Blickenstaff was ~

obligated to give notice of his "accident" "as soon as practicable after the

happening thereof." K~S 342.185. As this Court noted in Granger v. Louis

Trauth Dairy, 329 S.W.3d 296, 298 (Ky. 2010), the purpose of the prompt

notice requirement is threefold:

1.) to enable an employer to provide prompt mediCal treatment in an attempt to minimize the worker's ultimate disability and the employer's liability; 2.) to enable the employer to investigate the circumstances of the accident promptly; and 3.) to prevent the filing of fictitious claims.

The statute contains no specific time frame but leaves the ALJ with discretion

to determine whether notice was given "as soon as practicable" under the

·specific circumstances of the case. Newberg v. Slone, 846 S.W.2d 694 (Ky.

1992). Also, KRS 342 .200 excuses timely notice if the employer had notice of

the injury or where the delay "was occasioned by mistake or other reasonable

cause."

The ALJ properly applied Kentucky law regarding notice when he

dismissed Blickenstaffs claim for failure to timely notify his employer pursuant

to KRS 342.185. As the ALJ noted in his Opinion and Order, Blickenstaff was

under the care of two "competent physicians" and the "near six-month delay in

7 giving notice was not explained." Not only did Blickensta.ffs cumulative

trauma argument conflict with the causation opinion of his treating

neurologist, Dr. Zerga, it also ignored Blickenstaffs statements to Dr. Zerga in

November 2014 that he suffered a particular workplace injury while lifting a

box on September 22, 2014. Given that injury date, we see no error in the

ALJ's conclusion that Blickenstaff failed to give notice "as soon as practicable

under the circumstances and there was no excuse for the delay."

For the foregoing reasons, we agree with the Board and the Court of

Appeals that the AW properly dismissed Appellant John Blickenstafrs claim

against UPS for failure to tirpely notify his employer. Accordingly, we affirm.

All sitting. All concur.

COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:

Charles William Gorham

COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE, UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC.: \ ' Kenneth J. Dietz Christopher Newell