Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of Sep 15 2014, 9:52 am establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
LEANNA WISEMAN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Lawrenceburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
KATHERINE MODESITT COOPER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JEREMIAH LEE COLLINS, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 21A01-1405-CR-192 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT The Honorable Beth Butsch, Judge Cause No. 21C01-1304-FB-279
September 15, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
VAIDIK, Chief Judge Case Summary
Jeremiah Lee Collins was convicted of methamphetamine and other drug-related
offenses and sentenced to three years, with six months executed and the remainder
suspended to probation. Approximately six weeks after being released from jail on
probation, Collins was arrested for making methamphetamine in a camper on a remote
farm in Fayette County and had his probation revoked. Collins now appeals the revocation
of his probation, arguing that the State used hearsay to prove that a methamphetamine lab
existed. Finding that the hearsay is substantially trustworthy, we affirm the revocation of
Collins’ probation.
Facts and Procedural History
In June 2013 Collins pled guilty to Class D felony possession of methamphetamine,
Class D felony possession of a controlled substance, Class A misdemeanor possession of
marijuana, and Class A misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. The trial court
sentenced Collins to an aggregate term of three years, with six months executed and the
remaining two and one-half years suspended to probation. As a condition of Collins’
probation, he was ordered not to commit a new criminal offense.1 Tr. p. 5. Collins was
released from jail on August 14, 2013. Id. at 5, 31. Collins’ probation officer met with
him that day and explained to him the rules of probation, including the condition that he
shall not commit another criminal offense. Id. at 5.
1 At the probation-violation hearing, the trial court took judicial notice that when Collins was sentenced, he would have been advised of the general conditions of probation, which included that he would not commit another criminal offense and would obey the laws of the United States of America. In addition, if he committed another offense, his probation could be revoked. Tr. p. 31. 2 On September 30, 2013, Detective Scott Phillips of the Connersville Police
Department received a tip from a confidential informant (CI) about a methamphetamine
lab in the western part of the county. Detective Phillips, who was assigned to the Fayette
County RUFF Drug Task Force, had previously worked with this CI about thirty to forty
times and found him to be reliable and credible. The CI told Detective Phillips that he
learned about the methamphetamine lab from Collins and that he had been to the lab, which
was in a camper on a remote farm. In addition, the CI told Detective Phillips that he and
Collins had accompanied an unknown woman that morning to purchase pseudoephedrine,
which was going to be used to cook methamphetamine later that day. The unknown woman
had purchased the pseudoephedrine. Finally, the CI sent Detective Phillips two
photographs on his cell phone that looked like a methamphetamine lab to Detective
Phillips.
Based on this information, Detective Phillips obtained a search warrant for the
property. Detective Phillips, three members of the Indiana State Police Laboratory Team,
the Fayette County Sheriff, and the Sheriff’s chief deputy went to the property to execute
the search warrant. The CI had told Detective Phillips that Collins would be there cooking
methamphetamine. Upon their arrival, they found Collins outside the camper wearing a
long, blue latex glove. When Collins saw the police coming, he attempted to flee into a
cornfield, but he was apprehended. The search warrant was executed, and the State Police
Laboratory Team processed and cleaned up the scene. For safety reasons, Detective
Phillips did not enter the camper. The Lab Team told Detective Phillips that there was an
active methamphetamine lab inside in the camper and that it was a one-pot method, which
3 was consistent with the photos that the CI had earlier showed Detective Phillips. The police
arrested Collins, who was the only person found on the property. Detective Phillips spoke
with the property owner, who said that he did not give anyone permission to use his camper
to make methamphetamine.
The following day, November 1, the State filed a petition alleging that Collins
violated his probation for “committ[ing, among other offenses,] the offense of Dealing in
Methamphetamine . . . in Cause No. 21C01-1310-FB-737.” Appellant’s App. p. 24.
Following a hearing, the trial court found, by a preponderance of the evidence, that Collins
violated the terms of his probation by committing a new felony offense.2 Id. at 36. The
court revoked his probation and ordered him to serve his previously suspended sentence of
two and one-half years in the Department of Correction. Id.
Collins now appeals the revocation of his probation.
Discussion and Decision
Collins contends that the evidence is insufficient to prove that he violated his
probation by committing a new criminal offense. Probation is a matter of grace left to trial-
court discretion, not a right to which a criminal defendant is entitled. Prewitt v. State, 878
N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007). The trial court determines the conditions of probation and
may revoke probation if the conditions are violated. Id.; see also Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3.
2 At the probation-revocation hearing, the trial court stated:
[T]he Court will find that . . . the State has proven . . . by a preponderance of the evidence, which is the standard for a probation violation, that in fact Mr. Collins has violated his probation by committing another criminal offense; that offense being more than likely manufacturing methamphetamine and also . . . maintaining a common nuisance . . . and probably criminal trespass and resisting law enforcement . . . .
Tr. p. 31. 4 Once a trial court has exercised its grace by ordering probation rather than incarceration,
the court should have considerable leeway in deciding how to proceed. Prewitt, 878
N.E.2d at 188. If this discretion were not afforded to trial courts and sentences were
scrutinized too severely on appeal, courts might be less inclined to order probation to future
defendants. Id. Accordingly, a trial court’s sentencing decisions for probation violations
are reviewable using the abuse-of-discretion standard. Id.
When the State alleges that the defendant violated his probation by committing a
new criminal offense, the State must prove—by a preponderance of the evidence—that the
defendant committed the offense. Heaton v. State, 984 N.E.2d 614, 617 (Ind. 2013).
Collins argues that “[n]o one from the lab testified that a meth lab actually existed”
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Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of Sep 15 2014, 9:52 am establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
LEANNA WISEMAN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Lawrenceburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
KATHERINE MODESITT COOPER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JEREMIAH LEE COLLINS, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 21A01-1405-CR-192 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT The Honorable Beth Butsch, Judge Cause No. 21C01-1304-FB-279
September 15, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
VAIDIK, Chief Judge Case Summary
Jeremiah Lee Collins was convicted of methamphetamine and other drug-related
offenses and sentenced to three years, with six months executed and the remainder
suspended to probation. Approximately six weeks after being released from jail on
probation, Collins was arrested for making methamphetamine in a camper on a remote
farm in Fayette County and had his probation revoked. Collins now appeals the revocation
of his probation, arguing that the State used hearsay to prove that a methamphetamine lab
existed. Finding that the hearsay is substantially trustworthy, we affirm the revocation of
Collins’ probation.
Facts and Procedural History
In June 2013 Collins pled guilty to Class D felony possession of methamphetamine,
Class D felony possession of a controlled substance, Class A misdemeanor possession of
marijuana, and Class A misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. The trial court
sentenced Collins to an aggregate term of three years, with six months executed and the
remaining two and one-half years suspended to probation. As a condition of Collins’
probation, he was ordered not to commit a new criminal offense.1 Tr. p. 5. Collins was
released from jail on August 14, 2013. Id. at 5, 31. Collins’ probation officer met with
him that day and explained to him the rules of probation, including the condition that he
shall not commit another criminal offense. Id. at 5.
1 At the probation-violation hearing, the trial court took judicial notice that when Collins was sentenced, he would have been advised of the general conditions of probation, which included that he would not commit another criminal offense and would obey the laws of the United States of America. In addition, if he committed another offense, his probation could be revoked. Tr. p. 31. 2 On September 30, 2013, Detective Scott Phillips of the Connersville Police
Department received a tip from a confidential informant (CI) about a methamphetamine
lab in the western part of the county. Detective Phillips, who was assigned to the Fayette
County RUFF Drug Task Force, had previously worked with this CI about thirty to forty
times and found him to be reliable and credible. The CI told Detective Phillips that he
learned about the methamphetamine lab from Collins and that he had been to the lab, which
was in a camper on a remote farm. In addition, the CI told Detective Phillips that he and
Collins had accompanied an unknown woman that morning to purchase pseudoephedrine,
which was going to be used to cook methamphetamine later that day. The unknown woman
had purchased the pseudoephedrine. Finally, the CI sent Detective Phillips two
photographs on his cell phone that looked like a methamphetamine lab to Detective
Phillips.
Based on this information, Detective Phillips obtained a search warrant for the
property. Detective Phillips, three members of the Indiana State Police Laboratory Team,
the Fayette County Sheriff, and the Sheriff’s chief deputy went to the property to execute
the search warrant. The CI had told Detective Phillips that Collins would be there cooking
methamphetamine. Upon their arrival, they found Collins outside the camper wearing a
long, blue latex glove. When Collins saw the police coming, he attempted to flee into a
cornfield, but he was apprehended. The search warrant was executed, and the State Police
Laboratory Team processed and cleaned up the scene. For safety reasons, Detective
Phillips did not enter the camper. The Lab Team told Detective Phillips that there was an
active methamphetamine lab inside in the camper and that it was a one-pot method, which
3 was consistent with the photos that the CI had earlier showed Detective Phillips. The police
arrested Collins, who was the only person found on the property. Detective Phillips spoke
with the property owner, who said that he did not give anyone permission to use his camper
to make methamphetamine.
The following day, November 1, the State filed a petition alleging that Collins
violated his probation for “committ[ing, among other offenses,] the offense of Dealing in
Methamphetamine . . . in Cause No. 21C01-1310-FB-737.” Appellant’s App. p. 24.
Following a hearing, the trial court found, by a preponderance of the evidence, that Collins
violated the terms of his probation by committing a new felony offense.2 Id. at 36. The
court revoked his probation and ordered him to serve his previously suspended sentence of
two and one-half years in the Department of Correction. Id.
Collins now appeals the revocation of his probation.
Discussion and Decision
Collins contends that the evidence is insufficient to prove that he violated his
probation by committing a new criminal offense. Probation is a matter of grace left to trial-
court discretion, not a right to which a criminal defendant is entitled. Prewitt v. State, 878
N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007). The trial court determines the conditions of probation and
may revoke probation if the conditions are violated. Id.; see also Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3.
2 At the probation-revocation hearing, the trial court stated:
[T]he Court will find that . . . the State has proven . . . by a preponderance of the evidence, which is the standard for a probation violation, that in fact Mr. Collins has violated his probation by committing another criminal offense; that offense being more than likely manufacturing methamphetamine and also . . . maintaining a common nuisance . . . and probably criminal trespass and resisting law enforcement . . . .
Tr. p. 31. 4 Once a trial court has exercised its grace by ordering probation rather than incarceration,
the court should have considerable leeway in deciding how to proceed. Prewitt, 878
N.E.2d at 188. If this discretion were not afforded to trial courts and sentences were
scrutinized too severely on appeal, courts might be less inclined to order probation to future
defendants. Id. Accordingly, a trial court’s sentencing decisions for probation violations
are reviewable using the abuse-of-discretion standard. Id.
When the State alleges that the defendant violated his probation by committing a
new criminal offense, the State must prove—by a preponderance of the evidence—that the
defendant committed the offense. Heaton v. State, 984 N.E.2d 614, 617 (Ind. 2013).
Collins argues that “[n]o one from the lab testified that a meth lab actually existed”
and therefore the State’s case is “based on information from others who did not testify and
who were not cross examined.” Appellant’s Br. p. 3, 5. A probation-revocation hearing is
not equivalent to an adversarial criminal proceeding. Cox v. State, 706 N.E.2d 547, 550
(Ind. 1999), reh’g denied; Bass v. State, 974 N.E.2d 482, 486 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
Because probation-revocation procedures are to be flexible, strict rules of evidence do not
apply. Cox, 706 N.E.2d at 550. The scope of the right to confrontation as defined in
Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004), does not apply in such proceedings. Bass,
974 N.E.2d at 486. Although hearsay evidence may not be admitted “willy-nilly” in a
probation-revocation proceeding, it is admissible as long as it bears substantial guarantees
of trustworthiness. Id.; see also Reyes v. State, 868 N.E.2d 438, 440 (Ind. 2007), reh’g
denied.
5 We first note that Collins has waived this issue because he did not object when
Detective Phillips testified at the probation-revocation hearing that the Indiana State Police
Laboratory Team told him that there was an active methamphetamine lab inside the
camper. Waiver notwithstanding, we find that the hearsay evidence was substantially
trustworthy. That is, Detective Phillips testified that the CI told him about a
methamphetamine lab inside a camper on a remote farm in the western part of the county.
In addition, the CI was with Collins when precursors were purchased to be used to cook
methamphetamine later that day. Detective Phillips received two photos on his cell phone
from the CI depicting what appeared to be a methamphetamine lab, and the CI told
Detective Phillips that Collins would be at the property cooking methamphetamine. After
obtaining a search warrant, Detective Phillips located Collins—the only person on the
property—outside the camper wearing a long, blue latex glove. Collins fled but was
captured. The State Police Laboratory Team entered the camper and found a “one pot meth
lab cooking system,” which was consistent with the photos that the CI had sent to Detective
Phillips earlier that day. Tr. p. 29. The Lab Team described the methamphetamine lab as
“active.” Id. at 10. The Lab Team then processed and cleaned up the scene. We find that
the portion of Detective Phillips’ testimony that was hearsay was substantially trustworthy
and supported the court’s finding that Collins violated his probation by dealing in
methamphetamine. Collins’ other arguments—such as the CI was a paid informant,
Collins’ name was not on the pharmacy logs for that day (even though the unidentified
woman was the one who purchased the pseudoephedrine), and the CI’s relationship with
6 Collins was not explored—are merely requests to reweigh the evidence. We therefore
affirm the revocation of Collins’ probation.
Affirmed.
FRIEDLANDER, J., and MAY, J., concur.