Jensen Electric Co. v. Moore, Caldwell, Rowland & Dodd, Inc.

873 F.2d 1327
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
DecidedMay 8, 1989
DocketNo. 88-1768
StatusPublished
Cited by18 cases

This text of 873 F.2d 1327 (Jensen Electric Co. v. Moore, Caldwell, Rowland & Dodd, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Jensen Electric Co. v. Moore, Caldwell, Rowland & Dodd, Inc., 873 F.2d 1327 (9th Cir. 1989).

Opinions

SKOPIL, Circuit Judge:

This is an appeal from an order of the district court awarding costs and attorney’s fees to a third party defendant, Gregory Osborne (“Osborne”), as a sanction against Harry Styron (“Styron”), lead counsel for the third party plaintiff, Qualcorp, Inc. (“Qualcorp”). The district court concluded that Qualcorp’s third party complaint, filed by Styron, was “frivolous and without factual foundation” and that Styron “did not have reasonable grounds to bring a third-party complaint against Osborne.” We disagree. Under the circumstances of this case, the filing of the third party complaint was not sanctionable conduct. We reverse.

FACTS AND PRIOR PROCEEDINGS

The underlying action in this case arose from a dispute between Jensen Electric Company (“Jensen”), a Nevada electrical contractor, and Dynacon Systems, Inc. (“DSI”). In 1983 Jensen hired DSI to design and build a computer-based facilities management alarm system for Jensen to install into a new hotel in Reno, Nevada. DSI in turn hired Osborne, an electrical engineer, as an independent contractor to design and implement the computer hardware programs for the system. Osborne reported daily to DSI’s president and worked closely with DSI employees Joseph Caldwell, the project engineer, and Tom Kilpatrick, the senior physicist on the Jensen project.

In 1984 Qualcorp purchased DSI and took over the Jensen contract. Caldwell and Kilpatrick resigned their employment with DSI but continued on the project as consultants to Qualcorp. Qualcorp never completed the Jensen project. In late 1984, Jensen ordered Qualcorp to cease work on the project. Thereafter Osborne terminated his contract with Qualcorp and went to work for Jensen.

Jensen filed this action against Qualcorp, seeking damages for fraud and breach of contract. Qualcorp counterclaimed for un-reimbursed expenses and simultaneously filed a third party complaint against Osborne. The parties agreed to binding arbitration, specifically preserving costs, attorney’s fees, and sanctions for the district court. The arbitrator’s award provided that Jensen recover nothing from Qualcorp, Qualcorp recover nothing from Jensen, and Qualcorp recover nothing from Osborne.

Osborne thereafter sought in district court to recover costs and attorney’s fees against Styron. The district court agreed to impose sanctions on Styron pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 11 and ordered Osborne to submit a declaration of costs and fees. By separate order the court awarded $52,-359.58 to Osborne.

Styron thereafter moved for reconsideration pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 59. The court ruled that the motion was timely only as to the order setting the amount and not [1329]*1329to its order awarding sanctions. The district court denied the motion.

DISCUSSION

A. Jurisdiction

“An order imposing sanctions upon counsel, a nonparty, is final and appealable by the person sanctioned upon imposition of the sanction.” Rachel v. Banana Republic, Inc., 831 F.2d 1503, 1508 n. 5 (9th Cir.1987). Osborne contends that Styron did not timely appeal the district court’s award of sanctions but rather timely appealed only the court’s order setting the amount. Osborne reasons that an award of sanctions, even if it does not specify an amount, is nevertheless “final and appeal-able by the person sanctioned, when the sanction is imposed.” Optyl Eyeware Fashion Int’l Corp. v. Style Cos., 760 F.2d 1045, 1047 n. 1 (9th Cir.1985).

We disagree. An order awarding attorney’s fees which does not fully dispose of the issue of attorney’s fees is not a final, appealable order. Rosenfeld v. United States, 859 F.2d 717, 720 (9th Cir.1988). For example, if the district court explicitly provides for revision of the amount of the award, the order does not fully dispose of the attorney’s fees issue. Id. Indeed, an order “finding appellant liable for attorney’s fees and costs but without determining the specific amount of that award is not a final and appealable order.” Gates v. Central States Teamsters Pension Fund, 788 F.2d 1341, 1343 (8th Cir.1986).

The district court’s first order imposing sanctions but not setting an amount was therefore not a final or appealable order. See Barry v. Bowen, 825 F.2d 1324, 1329 (9th Cir.1987) (a court’s first decision, if later modified, is not final); Munich v. United States, 330 F.2d 774, 775 (9th Cir.1964) (order requiring party to prepare dis-positive order is not final). Styron timely moved for reconsideration of the order setting the amount of sanctions and thereafter timely appealed the denial of that motion. We therefore have jurisdiction to consider the merits of the district court’s imposition of sanctions.

B. Rule 11 Sanctions

Rule 11 provides that for certain conduct, the court may impose “an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay ... a reasonable attorney’s fee.” The rule is intended to prevent frivolous filings and filings made for an improper purpose, such as personal or economic harassment. Zaldivar v. City of Los Angeles, 780 F.2d 823, 830 (9th Cir.1986). The district court’s legal conclusion that Rule 11 sanctions are appropriate is reviewed de novo. Lemos v. Fencl, 828 F.2d 616, 618 (9th Cir.1987).

Our inquiry here is whether Qualcorp’s third party complaint was frivolous. See Greenburg v. Sala, 822 F.2d 882, 885 (9th Cir.1987) (where a complaint is at issue, the improper purpose analysis is not applicable because a non-frivolous complaint cannot be filed for an improper purpose). A complaint is factually frivolous if “a competent attorney, after reasonable inquiry, could not form a reasonable belief that the complaint was well founded in fact.” Id. at 887. Furthermore, “a complaint that is well-grounded in fact and law cannot be sanctioned regardless of counsel’s subjective intent.” Rachel, 831 F.2d at 1508. Thus, “[t]he key question in assessing frivolousness is whether a complaint states an arguable claim — not whether the pleader is correct in his perception of the law.” Hudson v. Moore Business Forms, Inc., 836 F.2d 1156, 1159 (9th Cir.1987).

Qualcorp’s third party complaint alleged that Osborne was responsible for the computer hardware programs and that any damages sustained by Jensen were caused by Osborne.

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Bluebook (online)
873 F.2d 1327, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/jensen-electric-co-v-moore-caldwell-rowland-dodd-inc-ca9-1989.