IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
CHARLESTON DIVISION
MARIANNE JEFFORD and GARRY JEFFORD,
Plaintiffs,
v. Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-004034
ETHICON, INC., et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
On September 17, 2018, a Suggestion of Death was filed by defendants’ counsel suggesting the death of Marianne Jefford during the pendency of this civil action. [ECF No. 25]. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(a) and Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 308 (Requirements for Counsel to Deceased Plaintiffs) filed in In re: Ethicon, Inc. Pelvic Repair System Products Liab. Litig., 2:12-md-2327 [ECF No. 6218], the time to substitute a proper party for the deceased party has expired and there has been no motion to substitute the deceased party. I. Background This action resides in one of seven MDLs originally assigned to me by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse (“POP”) and stress urinary incontinence (“SUI”). This particular case involves Nevada co-plaintiffs, one of whom, Ms. Jefford, was implanted at St. Charles Medical Center in Bend, Oregon with the TVT, a mesh product manufactured by Ethicon, Inc. Short Form Compl. [ECF No. 1] ¶¶ 1-11. On September 17, 2018, defendants’ counsel filed a Suggestion of Death noting that Ms.
Jefford died during the pendency of this action [ECF No. 25]. II. Legal Standards a. Rule 25 Rule 25 governs the process for substituting or dismissing a case after a plaintiff has died. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25. The rule provides: If a party dies and the claim is not extinguished, the court may order substitution of the proper party. A motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the decedent’s successor or representative. If the motion is not made within 90 days after service of a statement noting the death, the action by or against the decedent must be dismissed.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). This rule also states that, “[a] motion to substitute, together with a notice of hearing, must be served on the parties as provided in Rule 5 and on nonparties as provided in Rule 4. A statement noting death must be served in the same manner.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(3). The above-mentioned 90-day clock does not begin to run until the decedent’s successors or representatives are served with a statement noting death. 769 F.2d 958, 962 (4th Cir. 1985). If the successor or representative is party to the action, service must be made on the party’s attorney. Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b)(1). Whether a claim is extinguished is determined by the substantive law of the jurisdiction in which the cause of action arose. 436 U.S. 584, 587 n.3 (1991) (explaining that a claim is not extinguished if the jurisdiction allows the action to survive a party’s death). Traditionally, state statutes expressly state whether a claim survives a deceased party and to whom survivorship is allowed.
at 589. If a case includes multiple plaintiffs, the death of one plaintiff does not cause an abatement of the claims for the remaining parties. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(2) (“After a party’s death, if the right sought to be enforced survives only to or against the remaining parties, the action does not abate, but proceeds in favor of or against the remaining parties.”). b. PTO # 308 In Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 308, the court required that “[f]or any case in which
plaintiff’s counsel subsequently learns of the death of his or her client, plaintiff’s counsel shall file the suggestion of death within 120 days of counsel’s learning of the death.” Pretrial Order # 308, p. 3, 2:12-md-2327 [ECF # 6218]. In addition, the court directed that within the same 120-day period, plaintiff’s counsel must serve the suggestion of death on the parties and appropriate nonparties as described above, and file proof of such service with the court. The ninety-day substitution period provided by Rule 25(a) will commence upon the filing and proper service of the suggestion of death. In the event that plaintiff’s counsel fails to file the suggestion of death and properly serve it on the appropriate nonparties, the ninety-day substitution period will commence 120 days after the entry of this Order or 120 days after counsel’s learning of the death of his or her client, whichever is later.
at 3–4. While this burden is on plaintiffs’ counsel, defendants’ counsel may also file a suggestion of death on the record. “The filing of the suggestion of death by defendant’s counsel places plaintiff’s counsel on notice of his or her client’s death, and therefore
commences the 120-day period within which plaintiff’s counsel must serve the suggestion of death on the appropriate nonparties.” at 4. If they should fail to serve the suggestion of death, the ninety-day substitution period commences 120 days after defendants’ counsel filed the suggestion of death. III. Analysis
The defendants filed a Suggestion of Death on September 17, 2018 noting that Ms. Jefford died while this litigation was pending. [ECF No. 25]. Nothing has been filed by plaintiffs to certify whether anyone was served with notice of the Suggestion of Death. Pursuant to Rule 25(a)(1) and PTO # 308 the time for substituting any party or non-party for the deceased plaintiff has passed.
Rule 25(a)(1) provides the sole procedural device allowing decedent’s successor or representative to step into Ms. Jefford’s shoes and pursue litigation on her behalf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1) (“A motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the decedent’s successor or representative.”). Neither Mr. Jefford nor any non- party successor or representative has complied with the substitution requirements of
Rule 25(a)(1) within the time requirements as set forth in Rule 25 (a) and PTO # 308. Accordingly, the court ORDERS that the claims of Marianne Jefford are DISMISSED without prejudice. While failure to comply with Rule 25(a)(1) prevents Mr. Jefford from pursuing claims on Ms. Jefford’s behalf, Rule 25(a)(2) does not prevent Mr. Jefford from pursuing claims on his own behalf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(2) (“After a party’s death,
if the right sought to be enforced survives only to or against the remaining parties, the action does not abate, but proceeds in favor of or against the remaining parties.”). In this matter, only Mr. Jefford’s claim for loss of consortium remains. Whether Mr. Jefford’s claim survives the dismissal of Ms. Jefford’s claim is a question of state law. If a plaintiff files her claim directly in the MDL in the Southern District of
West Virginia, the court consults the choice-of-law rules of the state where the plaintiff was implanted with the product. 2:12-cv-05762, 2014 WL 202787, at *4 (S.D. W. Va. Jan.
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
CHARLESTON DIVISION
MARIANNE JEFFORD and GARRY JEFFORD,
Plaintiffs,
v. Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-004034
ETHICON, INC., et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
On September 17, 2018, a Suggestion of Death was filed by defendants’ counsel suggesting the death of Marianne Jefford during the pendency of this civil action. [ECF No. 25]. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(a) and Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 308 (Requirements for Counsel to Deceased Plaintiffs) filed in In re: Ethicon, Inc. Pelvic Repair System Products Liab. Litig., 2:12-md-2327 [ECF No. 6218], the time to substitute a proper party for the deceased party has expired and there has been no motion to substitute the deceased party. I. Background This action resides in one of seven MDLs originally assigned to me by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse (“POP”) and stress urinary incontinence (“SUI”). This particular case involves Nevada co-plaintiffs, one of whom, Ms. Jefford, was implanted at St. Charles Medical Center in Bend, Oregon with the TVT, a mesh product manufactured by Ethicon, Inc. Short Form Compl. [ECF No. 1] ¶¶ 1-11. On September 17, 2018, defendants’ counsel filed a Suggestion of Death noting that Ms.
Jefford died during the pendency of this action [ECF No. 25]. II. Legal Standards a. Rule 25 Rule 25 governs the process for substituting or dismissing a case after a plaintiff has died. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25. The rule provides: If a party dies and the claim is not extinguished, the court may order substitution of the proper party. A motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the decedent’s successor or representative. If the motion is not made within 90 days after service of a statement noting the death, the action by or against the decedent must be dismissed.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). This rule also states that, “[a] motion to substitute, together with a notice of hearing, must be served on the parties as provided in Rule 5 and on nonparties as provided in Rule 4. A statement noting death must be served in the same manner.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(3). The above-mentioned 90-day clock does not begin to run until the decedent’s successors or representatives are served with a statement noting death. 769 F.2d 958, 962 (4th Cir. 1985). If the successor or representative is party to the action, service must be made on the party’s attorney. Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b)(1). Whether a claim is extinguished is determined by the substantive law of the jurisdiction in which the cause of action arose. 436 U.S. 584, 587 n.3 (1991) (explaining that a claim is not extinguished if the jurisdiction allows the action to survive a party’s death). Traditionally, state statutes expressly state whether a claim survives a deceased party and to whom survivorship is allowed.
at 589. If a case includes multiple plaintiffs, the death of one plaintiff does not cause an abatement of the claims for the remaining parties. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(2) (“After a party’s death, if the right sought to be enforced survives only to or against the remaining parties, the action does not abate, but proceeds in favor of or against the remaining parties.”). b. PTO # 308 In Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 308, the court required that “[f]or any case in which
plaintiff’s counsel subsequently learns of the death of his or her client, plaintiff’s counsel shall file the suggestion of death within 120 days of counsel’s learning of the death.” Pretrial Order # 308, p. 3, 2:12-md-2327 [ECF # 6218]. In addition, the court directed that within the same 120-day period, plaintiff’s counsel must serve the suggestion of death on the parties and appropriate nonparties as described above, and file proof of such service with the court. The ninety-day substitution period provided by Rule 25(a) will commence upon the filing and proper service of the suggestion of death. In the event that plaintiff’s counsel fails to file the suggestion of death and properly serve it on the appropriate nonparties, the ninety-day substitution period will commence 120 days after the entry of this Order or 120 days after counsel’s learning of the death of his or her client, whichever is later.
at 3–4. While this burden is on plaintiffs’ counsel, defendants’ counsel may also file a suggestion of death on the record. “The filing of the suggestion of death by defendant’s counsel places plaintiff’s counsel on notice of his or her client’s death, and therefore
commences the 120-day period within which plaintiff’s counsel must serve the suggestion of death on the appropriate nonparties.” at 4. If they should fail to serve the suggestion of death, the ninety-day substitution period commences 120 days after defendants’ counsel filed the suggestion of death. III. Analysis
The defendants filed a Suggestion of Death on September 17, 2018 noting that Ms. Jefford died while this litigation was pending. [ECF No. 25]. Nothing has been filed by plaintiffs to certify whether anyone was served with notice of the Suggestion of Death. Pursuant to Rule 25(a)(1) and PTO # 308 the time for substituting any party or non-party for the deceased plaintiff has passed.
Rule 25(a)(1) provides the sole procedural device allowing decedent’s successor or representative to step into Ms. Jefford’s shoes and pursue litigation on her behalf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1) (“A motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the decedent’s successor or representative.”). Neither Mr. Jefford nor any non- party successor or representative has complied with the substitution requirements of
Rule 25(a)(1) within the time requirements as set forth in Rule 25 (a) and PTO # 308. Accordingly, the court ORDERS that the claims of Marianne Jefford are DISMISSED without prejudice. While failure to comply with Rule 25(a)(1) prevents Mr. Jefford from pursuing claims on Ms. Jefford’s behalf, Rule 25(a)(2) does not prevent Mr. Jefford from pursuing claims on his own behalf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(2) (“After a party’s death,
if the right sought to be enforced survives only to or against the remaining parties, the action does not abate, but proceeds in favor of or against the remaining parties.”). In this matter, only Mr. Jefford’s claim for loss of consortium remains. Whether Mr. Jefford’s claim survives the dismissal of Ms. Jefford’s claim is a question of state law. If a plaintiff files her claim directly in the MDL in the Southern District of
West Virginia, the court consults the choice-of-law rules of the state where the plaintiff was implanted with the product. 2:12-cv-05762, 2014 WL 202787, at *4 (S.D. W. Va. Jan. 17, 2014) (“For cases that originate elsewhere and are directly filed into the MDL, the court will follow the better-reasoned authority that applies the choice-of-law rules of the originating jurisdiction, which in our case is the state in which the plaintiff was implanted with
the product.”). Ms. Jefford underwent implantation surgery in Oregon. Thus, the choice-of-law principles of Oregon guide the court’s choice-of-law analysis. “Under Oregon choice-of-law rules the Court must determine as a threshold issue whether there is a material difference between Oregon law and the law of the other forum.” , 83 F. Supp. 3d 1016, 1022 (D. Or. 2015) (citing , 26 P.3d 845, 848 (Or. Ct. App. 2001)). If no
material difference exists, Oregon courts will apply Oregon law without regard to the significance of the relationship between the dispute and the proposed alternative forum. Id. “If there is a material difference, the Court must determine whether both states have substantial interests in having their laws applied.” (citations omitted). Where both states have substantial interests, Oregon courts apply the “most
significant relationship” test promulgated by the Restatement (Second) Conflict of Laws. The device was implanted in Oregon, yet plaintiffs are residents of Nevada. The first step of Oregon’s choice-of-law analysis requires assessing whether there is a material difference between Oregon and Nevada’s treatment of Mr. Jefford’s claim. There is no material difference between Oregon and Nevada’s treatment of Mr. Jefford’s loss of consortium claim. Both states consider loss of consortium claims to be fully derivative of the underlying claim. ,
162 P.3d 1026, 1033 (Or. Ct. App. 2007); , 163 P.3d 789, 799 n.9 (Nev. 2011). Because there is no material difference between the law of the two states, I will apply Oregon law. And because, under Oregon law, Mr. Jefford’s claim is fully derivative of Ms. Jefford’s claim, Mr. Jefford’s claim must be dismissed as well. Accordingly, the court ORDERS that the claim of Garry Jefford is DISMISSED without prejudice.
IV. Conclusion It is ORDERED that the claims of the plaintiffs Marianne Jefford and Garry Jefford are DISMISSED without prejudice pursuant to Rule 25(a)(1) and PTO # 308, and this case is dismissed and stricken from the docket. Any remaining pending
motions are DENIED as moot. The court DIRECTS the Clerk to send a copy of this Order to counsel of record any unrepresented party. ENTER: October 27, 2020
JOSEP . GOODW pe STATES DISTRICT JUDGE