Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
BRUCE W. GRAHAM GREGORY F. ZOELLER Graham Law Firm P.C. Attorney General of Indiana Lafayette, Indiana KARL M. SCHARNBERG Deputy Attorney General
FILED Indianapolis, Indiana
Jun 21 2012, 9:11 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
JEFFERY ROSHELL, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 79A04-1108-CR-430 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE TIPPECANOE SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Randy J. Williams, Judge Cause No. 79D01-1004-FA-13
June 21, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
KIRSCH, Judge Jeffery Roshell (“Roshell”) was convicted after a jury trial of two counts of
dealing in cocaine,1 each as a Class A felony, and was sentenced to forty years on each
count to run concurrently with each other. Thirty years of his sentence were ordered
executed, with the last five of that time to be served in community corrections, and ten
years suspended to probation. Roshell appeals, raising the following restated issues:
I. Whether Roshell’s waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent;
II. Whether sufficient evidence was presented to support Roshell’s Class A felony convictions for dealing in cocaine;
III. Whether Roshell was entitled to discharge under Indiana Criminal Rule 4(B)(1); and
IV. Whether Roshell’s sentence was inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PRODECURAL HISTORY
At some point prior to April 7, 2010, Detective Natalie Lovett (“Detective
Lovett”), who worked in the Lafayette Police Department’s Street Crimes Unit, received
Roshell’s name and phone number as a potential source of crack cocaine. On April 7,
2010, around 8:30 or 9:00 p.m., Detective Lovett, while working undercover, called
Roshell to attempt to arrange a purchase of crack cocaine from him. Roshell denied
knowledge of what Detective Lovett was talking about, said he did not know her, and
hung up on her. Two or three hours later, Roshell called Detective Lovett’s phone and
spoke with another detective who answered the phone. Roshell left a message with the
1 See Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1.
2 detective to tell Detective Lovett he had called. Detective Lovett called Roshell back at
12:40 a.m. on April 8, 2010, and Roshell asked her if she was still interested in
purchasing $100 worth of crack cocaine; a deal was arranged.
Detective Lovett fitted herself with a body wire and was given $100 in
prerecorded buy money. She drove toward the prearranged meeting location. On the
way there, she received a call from her surveillance team that there were marked patrol
cars in the area of the prearranged location. Around the same time, Roshell also called
her and told her to meet at a different location. Detective Lovett met Roshell in the 400
block of 4th Street near the intersection of 4th Street and Romig Street in Lafayette,
Indiana. Detective Lovett gave Roshell $100 and received from him .69 grams of crack
cocaine, which was packaged in two corner baggies. Located within 1,000 feet of the
location where the drug transaction occurred were South Tip Park, the Community and
Family Resource Center (“CFRC”), and an apartment building at 425 Romig Street.
There were children who lived in the apartment building, and eleven children who lived
within the 1,000-foot radius who had visited the CFRC on that date.
Roshell tried to call Detective Lovett three times on April 8 after the first
transaction -- at 1:48 a.m., 1:50 a.m., and again at 8:26 p.m. Detective Lovett called
Roshell the following day, on April 9, 2010, at 6:27 p.m. She left a message, and Roshell
called her back. He told her he was “all good,” which Detective Lovett took to mean that
he had crack cocaine for her. Tr. at 112. She again fitted herself with a body wire and
drove to 9th Street, where she had been instructed to call Roshell. Roshell told her to
meet him at the intersection of 14th Street and Ferry. Detective Lovett realized that there
3 was no such intersection and called Roshell back. She told him she was at the
intersection of 13th Street and Cincinnati. Roshell told her to stay there, and he met her
at that location, asking that she follow him to another location. They drove to an alley
where Detective Lovett exchanged $100 for two more corner baggies that contained .48
grams of crack cocaine. Located within 1,000 feet of the transaction were the St. James
Lutheran School, Washington Elementary School, New Community School, Historic Jeff
Centre Senior Apartments, and 4-C Properties. There were five children who lived at 4-C
Properties at 804 Union Street and one child who lived in the Historic Jeff Centre Senior
Apartments. There were two children who lived within the 1,000-foot zone who attended
St. James Lutheran School and four children who attended New Community School.
Later, on April 9, 2010, Detective Lovett set up a third purchase from Roshell, and
he told her to meet him near 9th Street and Hartford. When Roshell arrived for the
transaction, Detective Lovett identified him, and marked patrol units arrested Roshell.
He was not found with any drugs or money on his person when he was arrested. The
State charged Roshell with two counts of dealing in cocaine, each as a Class A felony,
and two counts of possession of cocaine, each as a Class B felony.
On May10, 2010 the trial court appointed a public defender to represent Roshell.
On August 5, 2010, while he was still represented by counsel, Roshell filed a pro se
motion for speedy trial, which was denied the next day. On September 24, 2010, the trial
court appointed a second public defender due to a conflict of interest. On January 12,
2011, Roshell, by counsel, filed a motion for discharge, which was denied after a hearing.
On April 8, 2011, Roshell’s counsel filed a motion to withdraw, which was granted, and
4 on April 25, 2011, a third attorney filed an appearance on Roshell’s behalf. On June 3,
2011, this attorney filed a motion to withdraw, and a hearing was conducted on that
motion and on Roshell’s motion to represent himself. The trial court allowed Roshell’s
attorney to withdraw, but appointed him as standby counsel for purposes of trial.
A jury trial was held on July 12 and 13, 2011, at the conclusion of which the jury
found Roshell guilty of two counts of Class A felony dealing in cocaine and two counts
of Class B felony possession of cocaine. The trial court sentenced Roshell to forty years
for each of his dealing in cocaine convictions, to be served concurrently with each other,
with ten years suspended to probation and five years of the executed time to be served in
community corrections. The possession convictions were merged into the dealing
convictions due to double jeopardy concerns. Roshell now appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Waiver of Counsel
Roshell argues that his Sixth Amendment right to counsel was violated when the
trial court allowed him to proceed pro se during trial because he did not knowingly and
intelligently waive his right to counsel. He contends that the trial court failed to
adequately warn him of the risks of proceeding pro se and failed to ensure that he
understood those risks. Roshell also claims that he was physically and mentally unable to
make a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to counsel because, at the time, he had
recently suffered from a stroke, which caused him to “go and come a lot,” Tr. at 20, and
he had a limited educational background. He further asserts that evidence suggests that
5 he was extremely frustrated with the lack of progress in his case and that it appeared he
was more interested in advancing his case, than in representing himself.
“In order to waive the constitutionally protected right to counsel, a defendant must
knowingly and intelligently forgo those relinquished benefits provided by counsel, and be
advised of the potential pitfalls surrounding self-representation so that it is clear that he
knows what he is doing and [that] his choice is made with eyes open.” Kubsch v. State,
866 N.E.2d 726, 736 (Ind. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Faretta v.
California, 422 U.S. 806, 835 (1975)), cert. denied 553 U.S. 1067 (2008). That is, the
trial court must determine the defendant’s competency to represent himself and establish
a record of the waiver. Bumbalough v. State, 873 N.E.2d 1099, 1102 (Ind. Ct. App.
2007). “There are no magic words a judge must utter to ensure a defendant adequately
appreciates the nature of the situation. Kubsch, 866 N.E.2d at 736. “Rather, determining
if a defendant’s waiver was “knowing and intelligent” depends on the ‘particular facts
and circumstances surrounding [the] case, including the background, experience, and
conduct of the accused.’” Id. (quoting Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 (1938)).
We review de novo a trial court’s finding that a defendant waived his right to
counsel. Cooper v. State, 900 N.E.2d 64, 67 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (citing Miller v. State,
789 N.E.2d 32, 37 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003)). Our Supreme Court has recently adopted the
following four factors to consider when reviewing the adequacy of a waiver: (1) the
extent of the court’s inquiry into the defendant’s decision; (2) other evidence in the
record that establishes whether the defendant understood the dangers and disadvantages
6 of self-representation; (3) the background and experience of the defendant; and (4) the
context of the defendant’s decision to proceed pro se. Kubsch, 866 N.E.2d at 736.
Here, on June 17, 2011, the trial court conducted a hearing regarding Roshell’s
motion to proceed pro se and his attorney’s motion to withdraw. At the hearing, the trial
court made the following inquiry into Roshell’s request to represent himself:
Q: Do you speak, read, write, and understand the English language fluently?
A: Yes.
Q: And how far did you go in school?
A: I went to the twelfth grade.
….
Q: Did you obtain your high school diploma?
Q: Have you ever been treated for any mental or emotional problems or disabilities?
A: No, no.
Q: No. Are you now under the influence of any alcohol, drugs, controlled substances or medications that affect your ability to understand what we are doing today?
A: I, I, I have uh, I had a stroke and I go and come a lot.
Q: Okay, but do you understand what we’re doing here today?
A: Yeah, I understand.
Q: Alright. Are you taking any medications?
7 A: Yes.
Q: And do you know what the medications are? A: I don’t know what it is.
Q: Is that for high blood pressure?
A: It’s several, they’re giving me several medications.
Tr. at 14-15. The trial court then asked Roshell a series of questions regarding whether
he understood that, if he represented himself, he would be held to the same standards as a
trained, experienced, and licensed attorney and that he would not receive any special
treatment due to his legal inexperience. Id. at 16. This line of inquiry included detailed
questions as to whether Roshell understood the different skills and expertise that an
experienced attorney would possess that would benefit him in his defense. Id. at 16-18.
The trial court then stated:
Q: You understand that it is almost always unwise or even foolish for anyone to act as his own legal counsel and to represent him or herself in legal proceedings, especially of this magnitude and seriousness?
Q: Do you understand that even when experienced attorneys may happen to find themselves in legal troubles, they almost always hire another attorney to represent them and do not represent themselves?
Q: Do you understand that it is my strong recommendation that you retain an attorney or accept the appointment of the Public Defender to represent you in this case?
Id. at 18-19.
8 Roshell then informed the trial court that his family was “talking about hiring an
attorney . . . [b]ecause they feel I can’t represent myself.” Id. at 19. The trial court also
discussed the results of a medical examination of Roshell done earlier in the week at the
jail. The report stated that Roshell suffered from controlled high blood pressure and
residual effects of a mild stroke that affected his facial musculature and left upper
extremity strength. Id. at 19-20. It also stated that Roshell was cleared for participation
in the upcoming court proceeding. Id. at 20. After this line of questioning, the trial court
concluded that Roshell’s responses were “satisfactory in his ability to understand the
proceedings today, that he understands the value of being represented by an attorney[,]
and . . . based upon all of his responses to all of the questions today, that he understands
the . . . possible consequences of self-representation.” Id. at 21. The trial court therefore
granted Roshell’s request to represent himself and granted his attorney’s request to
withdraw, but appointed the attorney to be standby counsel for Roshell. Id.
The trial court inquired into Roshell’s educational background and determined that
he could read, write, speak, and understand English and was a high school graduate who
had earned a diploma. Roshell was asked about his recent stroke and whether, in light of
the effects of that, he could understand the proceedings, to which he responded that he
could. The trial court reviewed the results of the medical examination conducted on
Roshell that reflected that he suffered from some mild physical effects of his stroke, but
that he was “cleared for participation in the upcoming court proceeding.” Id. at 20. The
trial court also advised Roshell that self-representation was an unwise and “even foolish”
decision, id. at 18, and the court’s questioning pointed out the dangers and disadvantages
9 of self-representation. However, Roshell repeatedly reaffirmed his intention of
proceeding pro se. Looking at all the facts and circumstances, we conclude that the trial
court correctly determined that Roshell’s waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent.
II. Sufficient Evidence
Our standard of review for sufficiency claims is well-settled. When we review a
claim of sufficiency of the evidence, we do not reweigh the evidence or judge the
credibility of the witnesses. Parahams v. State, 908 N.E.2d 689, 691 (Ind. Ct. App.
2009) (citing Jones v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1132, 1139 (Ind. 2003)). We look only to the
probative evidence supporting the judgment and the reasonable inferences therein to
determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could conclude the defendant was guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. If there is substantial evidence of probative value to
support the conviction, it will not be set aside. Id. It is the function of the trier of fact to
resolve conflicts of testimony and to determine the weight of the evidence and the
credibility of the witnesses. Yowler v. State, 894 N.E.2d 1000, 1002 (Ind. Ct. App.
2008).
Roshell argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to support his
convictions for Class A felony dealing in cocaine because it failed to rebut the statutory
defense under Indiana Code section 35-48-4-16(b) that he was only briefly near school
property and there were no children present at the time of the offense. He contends that
he properly placed this defense at issue during the trial, and the State failed to rebut it
beyond a reasonable doubt as they were required to do. Roshell asserts that the State did
10 not prove that there were children actually in the 1,000-foot area of each delivery at the
time of the offense.
“When reviewing a defense, we apply the same standard of review as that applied
to other challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence.” Bell v. State, 881 N.E.2d 1080,
1085 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans. denied. Therefore, we do not reweigh the evidence or
judge the credibility of the witnesses and consider only the evidence supporting the
verdict and the reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom. Id. at 1085-86.
Indiana Code section 35-48-4-16 states in relevant part:
(a) For an offense under this chapter that requires proof of:
(1) delivery of . . . a controlled substance;
....
within one thousand (1,000) feet of school property, a public park, a family housing complex, or a youth program center the person charged may assert the defense in subsection (b) or (c).
(b) It is a defense for a person charged under this chapter with an offense that contains an element listed in subsection (a) that:
(1) a person was briefly in, on, or within one thousand (1,000) feet of school property, a public park, a family housing complex, or youth program center and;
(2) no person under eighteen (18) years of age at least three (3) years junior to the person was in, on, or within one thousand (1,000) feet of the school property, a public park, family housing complex, or youth program center at the time of the offense.
Ind. Code § 35-48-4-16 (emphasis added). The defenses under this section are defenses
of justification, which “‘admit that the facts of the crime occurred but contend that the
11 acts were justified.’” Bell, 881 N.E.2d at 1086 (quoting Moon v. State, 823 N.E.2d 710,
716 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied). “Indiana has allocated the burden as to these
defenses in two steps.” Moon, 823 N.E.2d at 716. The defendant must first produce
evidence raising the defense. Id. Secondly, the State must negate at least one element of
the defense beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
In order to rebut the statutory defense beyond a reasonable doubt, under the first
count of Class A felony dealing in cocaine, which was the controlled buy on April 8,
2010, the State was required to present evidence to disprove that no person under
eighteen years of age at least three years junior to the defendant was in, on, or within
1,000 feet of a public park, South Tip Park; a family housing complex, apartments
located at 5th and Romig Streets; and/or a youth program center, the CFRC. Under the
second count of Class A felony dealing in cocaine, which was the controlled buy on April
9, 2010, the State was required to present evidence to disprove that no person under
eighteen years of age at least three years junior to the defendant was in, on, or within
1,000 feet of school property, St. James School, Washington School and/or New
Community School properties, and/or a family housing complex, apartments located at
905 Union Street, 4-C Properties, the Historic Jeff Centre Senior Apartments, and/or the
Union Square Apartments.
With regard to the presence of children within 1,000 feet of the named locations
during the controlled buy on April 8, 2010, the State presented evidence that there were
children who lived in the apartment building at 425 Romig Street, and eleven children
who lived within the 1,000-foot radius of the drug transaction who had visited the CFRC
12 on that date. Tr. at 222, 227. As to the presence of children within 1,000 feet of the
named locations during the controlled buy on April 9, 2010, the State presented evidence
that there were five children who lived in the apartments at 4-C Properties on that date.
Id. at 228-30. Evidence was also presented that there were two children residing within
the 1,000-foot area who attended St. James Lutheran School on that date. Id. at 232. The
State also presented evidence that both of these transactions occurred late at night, which
created a strong inference that at least some of the children who lived in these
neighborhoods and apartment complexes were home and within the zone at the time of
the offenses. This evidence was sufficient to rebut that no child was in, on, or within
1,000 feet of the school property, a public park, family housing complex, or youth
program center at the time of the offenses. We therefore conclude that the State
presented sufficient evidence to disprove the statutory defense, and sufficient evidence
supported Roshell’s convictions.
III. Criminal Rule 4(B)
We review de novo a trial court’s denial of a motion to discharge a defendant.
Kirby v. State, 774 N.E.2d 523, 530 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied. The Sixth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, section 12 of the Indiana
Constitution guarantee the right to a speedy trial. Wilkins v. State, 901 N.E.2d 535, 537
(Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. The provisions of Indiana Criminal Rule 4
implement these protections. Id. Criminal Rule 4 provides, in pertinent part:
If any defendant held in jail on an indictment or an affidavit shall move for an early trial, he shall be discharged if not brought to trial within seventy (70) calendar days from the date of such motion, except where a
13 continuance within said period is had on his motion, or the delay is otherwise caused by his act, or where there was not sufficient time to try him during such seventy (70) calendar days because of the congestion of the court calendar.
Ind. Crim. Rule 4(B)(1).
Roshell argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for discharge
because the State failed to bring him to trial within seventy days after he filed a motion
for speedy trial pursuant to Indiana Criminal Rule 4(B). He contends that he properly
filed a motion for speedy trial, but did not receive a trial within seventy days of the
motion. He further claims that the evidence showed that he was not responsible for any
delay or continuances within the period and that there was no evidence of congestion of
the court calendar.
Once counsel is appointed, a defendant speaks to the trial court through counsel.
Underwood v. State, 722 N.E.2d 828, 832 (Ind. 2000). A trial court is not required to
respond to a defendant’s pro se request or objection. Id. To require the trial court to
respond to both the defendant and counsel would effectively create a hybrid
representation to which a defendant is not entitled. Id.
Here, the trial court appointed the public defender to represent Roshell on May 10,
2010, and his counsel filed an appearance on May 18, 2010. Appellant’s App. at 26. On
August 5, 2010, Roshell filed his pro se motion for speedy trial. On August 6, 2010, the
trial court denied Roshell’s pro se motion because he was represented by counsel at the
time. Id. at 25, 76. Therefore, Roshell was represented by counsel at the time that he
filed his pro se motion for speedy trial, and the trial court did not err when it denied his
14 motion. Because the motion was not properly before the trial court, Roshell was not
entitled to discharge under Criminal Rule 4(B).
IV. Sentencing
Trial courts are required to enter sentencing statements whenever imposing
sentence for a felony offense. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007),
clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). The statement must include a reasonably
detailed recitation of the trial court’s reasons for imposing a particular sentence. Id. If
the recitation includes a finding of aggravating or mitigating circumstances, then the
statement must identify all significant mitigating and aggravating circumstances and
explain why each circumstance has been determined to be mitigating or aggravating. Id.
Sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion of the trial court and are reviewed
on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion occurs if the
decision is “clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the
court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom.” Id.
One way a trial court can abuse its discretion is by including a finding of
aggravating and mitigating factors that are not supported by the record. Id. at 490. A
trial court may also abuse its discretion by entering a sentencing statement that omits
mitigating factors that are clearly supported by the record and advanced for
consideration. Id. at 490-91. Because the trial court no longer has any obligation to
“weigh” aggravating and mitigating factors against each other when imposing a sentence,
a trial court cannot now be said to have abused its discretion in failing to “properly
weigh” such factors. Id. at 491. Once the trial court has entered a sentencing statement,
15 which may or may not include the existence of aggravating and mitigating factors, it may
then “impose any sentence that is . . . authorized by statute; and . . . permissible under the
Constitution of the State of Indiana.” Ind. Code § 35-38-1-7.1(d).
Although Roshell states that he is arguing that his sentence was inappropriate, it
actually appears that he is contending that the trial court abused its discretion in its
finding of aggravating and mitigating factors. Specifically, Roshell argues that the trial
court abused its discretion in finding that he was in need of correctional or rehabilitative
treatment that can best be provided by his commitment to a penal facility to be an
aggravating circumstance. He also seems to claim that it was an abuse of discretion to
not find his work history, medical problems, drug addiction, and that the State initiated
the request to purchase drugs as mitigating factors. Roshell further appears to allege that
his military service should have been given more weight as a mitigating factor.
As a trial court no longer has any obligation to “weigh” aggravating and
mitigating factors against each other when imposing a sentence, a trial court cannot now
be said to have abused its discretion in failing to “properly weigh” such factors.
Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 491. Roshell’s argument as to improper weight being given to
his military service is not subject to review on appeal. As to his argument regarding
other factors that were not found to be mitigating, Roshell did not present any evidence or
advance any mitigating circumstances at sentencing. Therefore, the trial court did not
abuse its discretion as it did not omit any mitigating factors that were clearly supported
by the record and advanced for consideration. Id. at 490-91.
16 To enhance a defendant’s sentence based upon the aggravating factor that a
defendant is in need of correctional or rehabilitative treatment that can best be provided
by his commitment to a penal facility, the trial court must provide a specific or
individualized statement of the reason why this defendant was in need of correctional or
rehabilitative treatment that could best be provided by a period of incarceration in a penal
facility in excess of the presumptive sentence. Sensback v. State, 720 N.E.2d 1160, 1165
(Ind. 1999). The statement cannot be simply a “perfunctory recitation” of the statutory
wording. Id. The trial court must provide a reasoned statement why this defendant is in
need of this kind of treatment for a period longer than the presumptive sentence. Id.
Here, the trial court stated, after discussing Roshell’s lengthy criminal history, including
four petitions to revoke probation, that it was finding that Roshell was “in need of
correctional or rehabilitative treatment that can best be provided by his commitment to a
penal facility, in that prior attempts at correctional rehabilitat[ion] [had] failed.”
Appellant’s App. at 30; Tr. at 355. Therefore, the trial court did provide a reasoned
statement why Roshell was in need of correctional or rehabilitative treatment for a period
longer than the advisory sentence.
Roshell also challenges the appropriateness of his sentence. The sentencing range
for a Class A felony is a fixed term of between twenty and fifty years with the advisory
sentence being thirty years. Ind. Code §35-50-2-4. Additionally, “[t]his court has
authority to revise a sentence ‘if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the
Court finds that the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the
character of the offender.’” Spitler v. State, 908 N.E.2d 694, 696 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009)
17 (quoting Ind. Appellate Rule 7(B)), trans. denied. “Although Indiana Appellate Rule
7(B) does not require us to be ‘extremely’ deferential to a trial court’s sentencing
decision, we still must give due consideration to that decision.” Patterson v. State, 909
N.E.2d 1058, 1062-63 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (quoting Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867,
873 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007)). We understand and recognize the unique perspective a trial
court brings to its sentencing decisions. Id. at 1063. The defendant bears the burden of
persuading this court that his sentence is inappropriate. Id.
When sentencing Roshell, the trial court found Roshell’s honorable discharge
from the Army as a mitigating factor. The trial court found as aggravating factors
Roshell’s criminal history, the repetitive nature of the offense, his history of substance
abuse, his four petitions to revoke probation that had been found true, and that he was in
need of correctional or rehabilitative treatment that could best be provided by his
commitment to a penal facility.
Regarding the nature of the offense, on two separate occasions, he sold crack
cocaine to Detective Lovett. During the first controlled buy, Roshell gave Detective
Lovett .69 grams of crack cocaine in exchange for $100, and during the second
transaction, he gave the detective .48 grams of crack cocaine in exchange for $100. On
both occasions, the exchanges took place within 1,000 feet of at least one of the
following, school property, a public park, a family housing complex, or a youth program
center.
As to Roshell’s character, the evidence showed that he was a fifty-five-year-old
drug addict, who had served in the Army and received an honorable discharge in 1977.
18 He had an employment history, working in landscaping, that only went back to 2007.
Roshell had a criminal history that began in 1993 and included extensive negative
contacts with the criminal justice system. He had three felony convictions, one for
possession of a narcotic, one for burglary, and one for attempted burglary. He also had
three misdemeanor convictions that included a conviction for furnishing alcohol to a
minor, one for false informing, and one for theft. Roshell had multiple petitions to
revoke probation filed against him, four of which were found true. His repeated contacts
with the criminal justice system demonstrate that prior attempts at correctional and
rehabilitative treatments have failed.
Based on the above, we conclude that Roshell has failed to carry his burden of
establishing that his sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the
character of the offender.
Affirmed.
BAKER, J., concurs.
BROWN, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with separate opinion.
19 IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JEFFERY ROSHELL, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 79A04-1108-CR-430 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
BROWN, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
I concur with the majority, except as to the appropriateness of Roshell’s sentence.
As to the nature of the offense, the total amount of cocaine sold on two occasions was
1.17 grams, slightly over one-third of the amount necessary to elevate one count of
dealing in cocaine from a class B felony to a class A felony absent the element of dealing
within 1,000 feet of school property, a public park, a family housing complex, or a youth
program center. Roshell received a total of $200 from the sales.
As to the character of the offender, Roshell is a fifty-five year old self-admitted
drug addict. He achieved the rank of Corporal in the Army and was involved in combat
duty in Vietnam for 6 months during the 1970’s. While his criminal history is serious, it
is not among the worst. The advisory sentence of thirty years for a class A felony clearly
20 accounts in this instance for the seriousness of the offense.
I would find the sentence inappropriate pursuant to Ind. App. Rule 7(B) and would
remand for imposition of the advisory sentence of thirty years with ten years suspended
to probation, concurrent on each count.