MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Aug 24 2018, 8:43 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE James R. Byron Stephen R. Snyder Lisa M. Gilkey Schoetzow Randall L. Morgan THORNE GRODNIK, LLP SNYDER MORGAN FEDEROFF & Elkhart, Indiana KUCHMAY LLP Syracuse, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Janice Lynn Buhrt, August 24, 2018 Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-DR-1159 v. Appeal from the Kosciusko Superior Court Dennis Ray Buhrt, The Honorable Michael W. Reed, Appellee-Respondent. Special Judge Trial Court Cause No. 43D01-1203-DR-86
Bailey, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Janice Lynn Buhrt (“Wife”) appeals from an order clarifying aspects of the
decree dissolving her marriage to Dennis Ray Buhrt (“Husband”). Husband
had moved the trial court to not only (1) clarify aspects of the decree but also to
(2) determine whether certain real property constituted inherited property under
the decree. Although the trial court entered an order clarifying the decree, its
order did not address whether the real property constituted inherited property.
Wife now appeals, challenging the court’s clarification of the decree. However,
we do not reach the merits of Wife’s appeal because the appealed order was
interlocutory—leaving issues unresolved between the parties—and we lack
subject matter jurisdiction to consider the interlocutory order.
[2] We dismiss.
Facts and Procedural History [3] In 2012, Wife petitioned to dissolve her marriage to Husband, and the parties
entered into a property settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) that contained
the following provision (the “Inheritance Provision”):
The Husband shall retain his inheritances from his parents and other relatives, already received and those to be received in the future, vested and unvested, without the Wife having any claim to such inheritances. The Wife shall retain her inheritances from her parents and other relatives, already received and those to be received in the future, vested and unvested, without the Husband having any claim to such inheritances.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 2 of 7 App. Vol. II at 17. The Agreement also provided that Wife would transfer
stock to Husband in exchange for $1,000,000 paid to Wife in installments.
[4] The trial court incorporated the Agreement into its Decree of Dissolution of
Marriage. In 2018, Husband filed a Motion to Clarify Property Settlement,
claiming to have “inherited certain real estate from his parents” (the “Real
Estate”). Id. at 35. In his motion, Husband stated his belief that the Inheritance
Provision excluded the “Real Estate . . . from being subject to a judgment lien
for the payment of the installments.” Id. Husband moved the court “to confirm
and clarify” the decree and “confirm[] it as excluding the . . . Real Estate from
any judgment lien resulting from” the decree. Id. at 36. Wife objected to
Husband’s motion. In briefing, Wife requested—inter alia—that if the court did
not deny the motion, “that discovery be re-opened” to investigate whether
Husband actually inherited the Real Estate. Id. at 51. Responding to Wife’s
objection, Husband asserted that he “simply seeks to clarify whether the
language of . . . the [Agreement], as drafted, operates to preclude any judgment
lien related to the installment payments . . . from attaching to inherited
property, in particular, the [Real Estate].” Id. at 43. Husband requested that
the Court clarify the decree, “confirming it as excluding the . . . Real Estate
from any judgment lien resulting from” the decree. Id. at 44.
[5] The trial court entered an order in which it determined that the Inheritance
Provision “clearly and unambiguously provides that the Wife has no claim to
any inherited property of Husband” and that “a judgment lien would be a claim
against the property.” Id. at 81. The court also stated that the decree “operates
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 3 of 7 to exclude a judgment lien from attaching to any inherited property of the
parties, including inherited real estate.” Id. at 81. The court did not address
whether the Real Estate constituted inherited real estate.1
[6] Wife then filed her Notice of Appeal.
Discussion and Decision [7] We turn to the threshold question of whether this Court has subject matter
jurisdiction to hear this appeal, an issue properly raised sua sponte. Georgos v.
Jackson, 790 N.E.2d 448, 451 (Ind. 2003). Where relevant facts are not in
dispute, a jurisdictional determination involves a pure question of law that we
consider de novo. Ramsey v. Moore, 959 N.E.2d 246, 250 (Ind. 2012).
[8] The subject matter jurisdiction of the Indiana Court of Appeals is specified by
the Rules of Appellate Procedure adopted by the Indiana Supreme Court. See
Ind. Const. art. 7, § 6. Pursuant to those rules, this Court has subject matter
jurisdiction in appeals from final judgments. See Indiana Appellate Rule 5(A);
see also Indy Auto Man, LLC v. Keown & Kratz, LLC, 84 N.E.3d 718, 719-20 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2017) (“Whether an order is a final judgment governs the appellate
court’s subject matter jurisdiction.” (citing Front Row Motors, LLC v. Jones, 5
1 The parties concede that the court made no determination as to the nature of the Real Estate. On appeal, Wife asks that we reverse the order, and, if we do not, that we remand for discovery on this factual issue; Husband asks that we affirm the order, then remand for proceedings as to this “limited factual issue.” Appellee’s Br. at 13. Husband characterizes the issue as being “raised by wife” on appeal. Id.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 4 of 7 N.E.3d 753, 757 (Ind. 2014)). Indiana Appellate Rule 2(H)(1) provides that a
judgment is not final unless “it disposes of all claims as to all parties.” The
Indiana Supreme Court has explained that “[t]o fall under Appellate Rule
2(H)(1), an order must dispose of all issues as to all parties, ending the
particular case and leaving nothing for future determination.” Ramsey, 959
N.E.2d at 251. Nonetheless, even where a judgment is not final, Indiana
Appellate Rule 14 confers jurisdiction over certain interlocutory appeals,
providing several ways that a case may proceed. That is, a litigant may pursue
“an interlocutory appeal of right (Rule 14(A)); a discretionary interlocutory
appeal (Rule 14(B)); or an interlocutory appeal from an order granting or
denying class-action certification (Rule 14(C)).” Ball State Univ. v. Irons, 27
N.E.3d 717, 720 (Ind. 2015). Moreover, pursuant to Rule 14(D), a litigant may
otherwise pursue an “interlocutory appeal[] . . . only as provided by statute.”
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Aug 24 2018, 8:43 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE James R. Byron Stephen R. Snyder Lisa M. Gilkey Schoetzow Randall L. Morgan THORNE GRODNIK, LLP SNYDER MORGAN FEDEROFF & Elkhart, Indiana KUCHMAY LLP Syracuse, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Janice Lynn Buhrt, August 24, 2018 Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-DR-1159 v. Appeal from the Kosciusko Superior Court Dennis Ray Buhrt, The Honorable Michael W. Reed, Appellee-Respondent. Special Judge Trial Court Cause No. 43D01-1203-DR-86
Bailey, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Janice Lynn Buhrt (“Wife”) appeals from an order clarifying aspects of the
decree dissolving her marriage to Dennis Ray Buhrt (“Husband”). Husband
had moved the trial court to not only (1) clarify aspects of the decree but also to
(2) determine whether certain real property constituted inherited property under
the decree. Although the trial court entered an order clarifying the decree, its
order did not address whether the real property constituted inherited property.
Wife now appeals, challenging the court’s clarification of the decree. However,
we do not reach the merits of Wife’s appeal because the appealed order was
interlocutory—leaving issues unresolved between the parties—and we lack
subject matter jurisdiction to consider the interlocutory order.
[2] We dismiss.
Facts and Procedural History [3] In 2012, Wife petitioned to dissolve her marriage to Husband, and the parties
entered into a property settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) that contained
the following provision (the “Inheritance Provision”):
The Husband shall retain his inheritances from his parents and other relatives, already received and those to be received in the future, vested and unvested, without the Wife having any claim to such inheritances. The Wife shall retain her inheritances from her parents and other relatives, already received and those to be received in the future, vested and unvested, without the Husband having any claim to such inheritances.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 2 of 7 App. Vol. II at 17. The Agreement also provided that Wife would transfer
stock to Husband in exchange for $1,000,000 paid to Wife in installments.
[4] The trial court incorporated the Agreement into its Decree of Dissolution of
Marriage. In 2018, Husband filed a Motion to Clarify Property Settlement,
claiming to have “inherited certain real estate from his parents” (the “Real
Estate”). Id. at 35. In his motion, Husband stated his belief that the Inheritance
Provision excluded the “Real Estate . . . from being subject to a judgment lien
for the payment of the installments.” Id. Husband moved the court “to confirm
and clarify” the decree and “confirm[] it as excluding the . . . Real Estate from
any judgment lien resulting from” the decree. Id. at 36. Wife objected to
Husband’s motion. In briefing, Wife requested—inter alia—that if the court did
not deny the motion, “that discovery be re-opened” to investigate whether
Husband actually inherited the Real Estate. Id. at 51. Responding to Wife’s
objection, Husband asserted that he “simply seeks to clarify whether the
language of . . . the [Agreement], as drafted, operates to preclude any judgment
lien related to the installment payments . . . from attaching to inherited
property, in particular, the [Real Estate].” Id. at 43. Husband requested that
the Court clarify the decree, “confirming it as excluding the . . . Real Estate
from any judgment lien resulting from” the decree. Id. at 44.
[5] The trial court entered an order in which it determined that the Inheritance
Provision “clearly and unambiguously provides that the Wife has no claim to
any inherited property of Husband” and that “a judgment lien would be a claim
against the property.” Id. at 81. The court also stated that the decree “operates
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 3 of 7 to exclude a judgment lien from attaching to any inherited property of the
parties, including inherited real estate.” Id. at 81. The court did not address
whether the Real Estate constituted inherited real estate.1
[6] Wife then filed her Notice of Appeal.
Discussion and Decision [7] We turn to the threshold question of whether this Court has subject matter
jurisdiction to hear this appeal, an issue properly raised sua sponte. Georgos v.
Jackson, 790 N.E.2d 448, 451 (Ind. 2003). Where relevant facts are not in
dispute, a jurisdictional determination involves a pure question of law that we
consider de novo. Ramsey v. Moore, 959 N.E.2d 246, 250 (Ind. 2012).
[8] The subject matter jurisdiction of the Indiana Court of Appeals is specified by
the Rules of Appellate Procedure adopted by the Indiana Supreme Court. See
Ind. Const. art. 7, § 6. Pursuant to those rules, this Court has subject matter
jurisdiction in appeals from final judgments. See Indiana Appellate Rule 5(A);
see also Indy Auto Man, LLC v. Keown & Kratz, LLC, 84 N.E.3d 718, 719-20 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2017) (“Whether an order is a final judgment governs the appellate
court’s subject matter jurisdiction.” (citing Front Row Motors, LLC v. Jones, 5
1 The parties concede that the court made no determination as to the nature of the Real Estate. On appeal, Wife asks that we reverse the order, and, if we do not, that we remand for discovery on this factual issue; Husband asks that we affirm the order, then remand for proceedings as to this “limited factual issue.” Appellee’s Br. at 13. Husband characterizes the issue as being “raised by wife” on appeal. Id.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 4 of 7 N.E.3d 753, 757 (Ind. 2014)). Indiana Appellate Rule 2(H)(1) provides that a
judgment is not final unless “it disposes of all claims as to all parties.” The
Indiana Supreme Court has explained that “[t]o fall under Appellate Rule
2(H)(1), an order must dispose of all issues as to all parties, ending the
particular case and leaving nothing for future determination.” Ramsey, 959
N.E.2d at 251. Nonetheless, even where a judgment is not final, Indiana
Appellate Rule 14 confers jurisdiction over certain interlocutory appeals,
providing several ways that a case may proceed. That is, a litigant may pursue
“an interlocutory appeal of right (Rule 14(A)); a discretionary interlocutory
appeal (Rule 14(B)); or an interlocutory appeal from an order granting or
denying class-action certification (Rule 14(C)).” Ball State Univ. v. Irons, 27
N.E.3d 717, 720 (Ind. 2015). Moreover, pursuant to Rule 14(D), a litigant may
otherwise pursue an “interlocutory appeal[] . . . only as provided by statute.”
[9] Wife directly appeals from the trial court’s Order Clarifying Property Settlement
Agreement. However, in the proceedings before the trial court, the issues were
not only whether the Inheritance Provision would prevent a judgment lien from
attaching to inherited property, but also whether the Real Estate was inherited
property. Indeed, Husband sought a determination on this issue, asking the
trial court to confirm, in particular, that no judgment lien extended to the Real
Estate. Thus, the appealed order did not dispose of all issues, and is therefore
not a final judgment. See Ind. Appellate Rule 2(H)(1). We must proceed to
consider whether Indiana Appellate Rule 14 confers subject matter jurisdiction.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 5 of 7 [10] Pursuant to Rule 14(A), a litigant may pursue an interlocutory appeal as of
right—but only if the interlocutory order falls into one of these categories:
(1) For the payment of money;
(2) To compel the execution of any document;
(3) To compel the delivery or assignment of any securities, evidence of debt, documents or things in action;
(4) For the sale or delivery of the possession of real property;
(5) Granting or refusing to grant, dissolving, or refusing to dissolve a preliminary injunction;
(6) Appointing or refusing to appoint a receiver, or revoking or refusing to revoke the appointment of a receiver;
(7) For a writ of habeas corpus not otherwise authorized to be taken directly to the Supreme Court;
(8) Transferring or refusing to transfer a case under Trial Rule 75; and
(9) Issued by an Administrative Agency that by statute is expressly required to be appealed as a mandatory interlocutory appeal.
As the instant order falls outside of these enumerated categories, Rule 14(A)
does not apply. Turning to Rule 14(B), this rule provides for discretionary
interlocutory appeals “if the trial court certifies its order and the Court of
Appeals accepts jurisdiction over the appeal.” Here, however, Wife did not
take the steps specified in Rule 14(B) to perfect a discretionary interlocutory
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 6 of 7 appeal, and so this rule does not apply. Next, Rule 14(C) is inapplicable as it
pertains only to orders involving class certification. Finally, Rule 14(D) permits
interlocutory appeals when provided by statute, but we are aware of no statute
permitting the appeal of an interlocutory order clarifying a dissolution decree.
[11] Having discerned no Indiana Rule of Appellate Procedure conferring subject
matter jurisdiction in this case, we must dismiss the interlocutory appeal.
[12] Dismissed.
Mathias, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-1159 | August 24, 2018 Page 7 of 7