James v. Diva International, Inc.

803 F. Supp. 2d 945, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28318, 2011 WL 1002745
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Indiana
DecidedMarch 18, 2011
DocketCase No. 1:10-cv-0527-TWP-TAB
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 803 F. Supp. 2d 945 (James v. Diva International, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Indiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
James v. Diva International, Inc., 803 F. Supp. 2d 945, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28318, 2011 WL 1002745 (S.D. Ind. 2011).

Opinion

ORDER ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS

TANYA WALTON PRATT, District Judge.

This matter comes before the Court on Diva International Inc.’s (“Diva” or “Defendant”), Motion to Dismiss [Dkt. 15]. Plaintiff, Sarah James (“James” or “Plaintiff’) and her husband Gerrad James (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) filed suit in this Court alleging that a menstrual product manufactured by Defendant caused James to develop Toxic Shock Syndrome. Plaintiffs have alleged negligence and violations of two state statutes, Ind.Code §§ 34-20-4-1 and -2, for failure to warn and sale of a defective product. Diva filed the instant Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), based upon failure to state a claim with specificity, and federal preemption as required by the Medical Device Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. § 360c et seq. For the reasons set forth below, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss [Dkt. 15] is DENIED in part and GRANTED in part.

I. BACKGROUND

For the following factual background, the Court accepts Plaintiffs well-pleaded allegations as true and draws all favorable inferences for Plaintiffs. See Killingsworth v. HSBC Bank, 507 F.3d 614, 618 (7th Cir.2007). With this standard in mind, the Court will recite the pertinent facts of the case.

A. Factual Background

Diva is the manufacturer and upstream distributor of the DivaCup Menstrual Solution (“DivaCup®”) model 1, which is the subject of this action. The DivaCup® is an alternative to traditional tampons and pads. The DivaCup® is manufactured in Ontario, Canada and sold in this instance, in Indiana. On or about March 26, 2008, James purchased and used the DivaCup® in accordance with its intended use and allegedly sustained injuries from Toxic Shock Syndrome. Through Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint (“Amended Complaint”), it is alleged that: (1) Diva failed to properly package or label the DivaC[947]*947up® to give reasonable warnings of danger to James about the product even though Diva, by exercising reasonable diligence, could have made such warning available to James; and (2) at the time of purchase, the product was in a defective condition. [Dkt. 23 at 3], The Amended Complaint alleges claims for “Negligence,” “Product Liability; Strict Liability in Tort,” and “Loss of Consortium” stemming from James’ subsequent hospitalization after her use of the DivaCup®.

B. Medical Device Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act

As a medical device, the DivaCup® is governed in the United States by the Medical Device Amendments (“MDA”) to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”), 21 U.S.C. § 360c et seq. This means that the DivaCup® is subject to regulations and requirements as set out by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). In 1976 Congress enacted the MDA as a system of regulation for all medical devices in which the FDA classifies each medical device intended for human use. 21 U.S.C. § 360c(a)(l). The three classifications the FDA utilizes establish an ascending order of control and oversight. Dow v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 899 F.Supp. 822, 824 (D.Mass.1995).

Class I consists of devices which require only general control. Id. Class II includes devices which require compliance with both general controls and applicable performance standards promulgated by the FDA. Id. The FDA has classified the DivaCup® as a Class II medical device. Id. The performance standards of Class II devices include annual registration, labeling requirements, prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration, and good manufacturing practices. 21 U.S.C. § 360c; 21 U.S.C. § 360k; 21 C.F.R. § 860.3(e)(l)-(2). Finally, Class III includes devices which pose potential unreasonable risks of injury. The controls exercised over Class II devices are insufficient to determine safety or effectiveness of Class III devices; accordingly, Class III devices must be generally approved prior to being marketed through a premarket authorization procedure. See 21 U.S.C. § 360e and § 360e(a)(2)(C).

Some devices, however, enter the market through Section 510(k) of the MDA. This section applies to any device which the manufacturer submits as, and the FDA finds to be, “substantially equivalent” in design and function to a “predicate device” (i.e., a device which was on the market prior to the effective date of the MDA or was lawfully sold as a substantially equivalent device). 21 U.S.C. § 360c(f) and (i); 21 C.F.R. § 814.80. This is the process which allowed the DivaCup® to enter into the market. The “substantially equivalent” process has been described as follows:

Under section 510(k), devices that are shown to be substantially equivalent to a device on the market before the MDA [was] passed (a “predicate” device) can gain approval without submitting to the type of premarket approval required for a new device. At least ninety days before marketing its device, a manufacturer must submit to the FDA information that the device has the same intended use as a pre-Amendment device and that it has the same technological characteristics. Alternatively, a device may satisfy the 510(k) process even if it has different technological characteristics, as long as these characteristics do not raise different questions of safety and effectiveness from the predicate device. If a device meets the equivalence requirement, it can enter the marketplace without further scrutiny.

Dow, 899 F.Supp. at 824-25. The FDA may also request additional information in an effort to determine whether the device [948]*948is substantially equivalent to a predicate device. 21 C.F.R. § 807.100. Additionally, the FDA regulations govern the form and substance of the information required for a submission under Section 510(k), including proposed labeling. 21 C.F.R. §§ 807.87 and 807.92.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
803 F. Supp. 2d 945, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28318, 2011 WL 1002745, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/james-v-diva-international-inc-insd-2011.