James P. Kelly v. Henry Risley

865 F.2d 201
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
DecidedFebruary 27, 1989
Docket87-3696
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 865 F.2d 201 (James P. Kelly v. Henry Risley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
James P. Kelly v. Henry Risley, 865 F.2d 201 (9th Cir. 1989).

Opinions

BRUNETTI, Circuit Judge:

James P. Kelly, appellant, appeals the district court’s dismissal of his habeas corpus petition, brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, for failure to state a claim for habeas corpus relief. Kelly alleges that he was wrongfully denied an annual review of denial of parole in violation of Administrative Rules of Montana (ARM) 20.25.401(8), and that ARM section 20.25.304(3) violates his right to equal protection, as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Kelly was initially sentenced in January 1980 to ten years imprisonment for the crime of robbery. He was designated as a “non-dangerous offender,” thereby becoming eligible for parole after he had served one quarter of his sentence less good time earned. Montana Code Annotated, MCA, § 46-23-201. After appearing before the Parole Board (“Board”) in September 1981, the Board passed him to his discharge date, citing as reasons his poor institutional conduct record, the nature of his offense and the inadequacy of his parole plan. Once Kelly was “passed to discharge,” he became entitled to a yearly review of the Board’s decision. ARM § 20.25.401(8).

In February 1982, Kelly escaped from prison. He was arrested and returned to Montana thereafter. He was convicted in a nonjury trial of escape and received a four year sentence to be served consecutively to his sen[203]*203tence for robbery. In September 1982, Kelly received an annual review of the Board’s decision to pass him to discharge and no changes in this decision were made. After one more annual review in 1983, he received no others.

I

Montana’s parole statute creates a due process liberty interest in being considered eligible for parole. Board of Pardons v. Allen, 482 U.S. 369, 107 S.Ct. 2415, 2420-22, 96 L.Ed.2d 303 (1987). “Nowhere in the Act is it suggested that an inmate confined with multiple sentences, whether concurrent or consecutive, is ineligible for parole. On the contrary, section 94-9333 (now section 46-23-201, MCA), clearly indicates that such an inmate is eligible for parole.” Taylor v. Risley, 210 Mont. 356, 684 P.2d 1118, 1119 (1984), quoting Herman v. Powell, 139 Mont. 583, 367 P.2d 553, 556 (1961). “A prisoner having served one-fourth C/j) of his term or terms, less good time allowances, shall upon parole, be deemed as released on parole until the expiration of the maximum term or terms for which he was sentenced ...” Herman v. Powell, 139 Mont. 583, 367 P.2d 553, 556 (1961). In commenting on the practice of the Montana Parole Board to issue two separate sets of parole papers when an inmate is serving consecutive sentences, the Herman court found the practice to be “cumbersome and confusing” but was within the “spirit and intent” of the Probation, Parole, and Executive Clemency Act. Id. The Herman court went on to say, “The Board could, in order to avoid any ambiguity or confusion in the case of consecutive sentences, issue one parole to cover the maximum period of confinement. The result, of course, would be the same. That is, the prisoner would be required to serve a period equivalent to one-fourth of the combined total of each sentence (less good time) before he would be eligible for parole.” Id. 367 P.2d at 557. A prisoner on parole must still complete his sentence. Although the paroled prisoner is no longer in actual custody, he remains “in the legal custody of the institution from which he was released.” Id. at 556 (quotation omitted). “Granting of a parole does not change the status of a prisoner,” for he remains in the state’s custody until his term expires or is “completed.” Id. at 555 (quotation omitted). Whenever a prisoner is sentenced for an offense committed while imprisoned the new sentence runs consecutively with the remainder of the original sentence, and the prisoner starts serving the new sentence when the original sentence has expired or when he is released on parole in regard to the original sentence, whichever is sooner. When the prisoner is released on parole on the original sentence, the sentences run concurrently from the time of his release on parole. MCA 46-18-401(5).

Applying these principals we now address Kelly’s claims of wrongful denial of annual parole review and that ARM § 20.25.304(3) violates his right of equal protection.

II

A. Annual Review

Kelly alleges that he did not lose his entitlement to an annual review of his parole eligibility under ARM § 20.25.401(8) when he received his additional sentence for escape. We agree. ARM § 20.25.401 (8) specifically states that an inmate denied parole for more than one year will be afforded an annual review. ARM § 20.25.304 (3)provides:

If the inmate receives an additional sentence after he has been received but has already been before the parole board for consideration on his first sentence, he will not be considered on his second sentence for parole until his original sentence is completed, provided the sentencing court ordered them to run consecutively. (Emphasis added)

ARM § 20.25.401(8)’s provision for annual parole review with respect to the original sentence is unaffected by ARM § 20.25.304(3) and, as a result, Kelly’s second sentence for escape should not have deprived him of an annual review of his parole eligibility for his original sentence. See MCA § 46-18-401(5) (the prisoner [204]*204starts serving the new sentence when the original sentence has expired or when he is released on parole.) Also see Herman v. Powell, 139 Mont. 583, 367 P.2d 553, 557 (1961) (the Montana statute which requires an escape sentence to run consecutive to the original sentence does not require that an inmate who escapes must serve his entire original sentence in prison plus his escape sentence before being considered for parole). Consequently, we conclude that the state’s failure to provide Kelly with an annual review of his parole eligibility on his original sentence violated his constitutional right to due process of law.

B. Equal Protection

Kelly contends that ARM § 20.25.304(3) impermissibly denies him his right to parole eligibility by requiring that he complete his original sentence before being considered for parole on his second sentence. Kelly’s equal protection argument turns on the word “completed” in ARM § 20.25.304(3). He apparently takes it to mean “completed in prison” or “completed in confinement.” Montana law, see Herman v. Powell, supra, does not require that construction. In Montana, a paroled prisoner is released from confinement, but not from his sentence, id. 367 P.2d at 555; on parole he remains “in the legal custody of the institution from which he was released,” Id. at 556 (citation omitted).

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Related

James P. Kelly v. Henry Risley
865 F.2d 201 (Ninth Circuit, 1989)

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