James D. Leach v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: March 15, 2019
• Docket: 18A-CR-2190
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Mar 15 2019, 10:28 am this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK Indiana Supreme Court court except for the purpose of establishing Court of Appeals and Tax Court the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Leanna Weissman Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Lawrenceburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Taylor C. Byrley Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

James D. Leach, March 15, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-2190 v. Appeal from the Jefferson Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Michael Hensley, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 39D01-1506-F5-515 39D01-1609-F6-826 39D01-1612-CM-1163

Tavitas, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 1 of 9 Case Summary

[1] James Leach appeals the sentence imposed after the trial court revoked his

probation. We affirm.

Issue

[2] Leach raises one issue, which we restate as whether the trial court properly

ordered Leach to serve the balance of his sentence at the Department of

Correction (“DOC”).

Facts

[3] On January 24, 2017, Leach pleaded guilty to several offenses and was

sentenced pursuant to a plea agreement. First, Leach pleaded guilty to criminal

confinement, a Level 6 felony, and domestic battery, a Class A misdemeanor. 1

Leach was sentenced to two years at the DOC, which was suspended to

supervised probation. 2 Second, Leach pleaded guilty to failure to return to

lawful detention, a Level 6 felony. 3 Leach was sentenced to one year and six

months at the DOC with six months executed and the balance suspended to

supervised probation. Finally, Leach pleaded guilty to criminal mischief, a

1 Cause No. 39D01-1506-F5-515. 2 Based on the plea agreement and the trial court’s remarks at the revocation hearing, it appears that Leach was sentenced to four days of jail commitment, in addition to his two-year sentence, for the domestic battery conviction. See Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 33; see also Sent. Tr. Vol. II p. 11. Because it appears the four-day jail commitment was served prior to entry of the plea agreement, we will continue to reference Leach’s sentence for Cause No. 39D01-1506-F5-515 as two years. 3 Cause No. 39D01-1609-F6-826.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 2 of 9 Class A misdemeanor. 4 Leach was sentenced to 180 days in the Jefferson

County Jail, which was suspended to supervised probation. The sentences were

to run consecutively.

[4] On February 8, 2017, and February 14, 2017, Leach admitted to using

methamphetamine after testing positive for methamphetamine during a

urinalysis drug screen in violation of the terms of his probation. As a result, on

March 13, 2017, Leach entered an administrative agreement whereby Leach

agreed to be “placed on a lockdown schedule for [two] weeks; [o]btain a

substance abuse evaluation within [two] weeks and follow treatment

recommendations; and be placed on the drug screen call line for a minimum of

[sixty] days.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 38. One day after the administrative

agreement was signed, Leach again tested positive for methamphetamine.

[5] On April 12, 2017, the State filed a petition to revoke Leach’s probation. In

Paragraph 8 of its petition, the State alleged:

The defendant violated this condition of probation on or about the following dates:

a. February 8, 2017[,] and February 14, 2017[,] by using methamphetamine.

i. Please note: On March 13, 2017, the defendant was given an administrative agreement wherein the defendant

4 Cause No. 39D01-1612-CM-1163.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 3 of 9 agreed he violated the conditions of community corrections by using methamphetamine on or about 2/8/17 and 2/14/17. As a result, the defendant agreed to be placed on a lockdown schedule for 2 weeks, obtain a substance abuse evaluation within 2 weeks, and be placed on the drug screen call line. The defendant failed to comply with this agreement by failing to call the drug screen call line on 3/17/17, 3/20/17, 3/21/17, 3/22/17, 3/23/17, and every day from 3/25/17 through 4/3/17.

b. March 14, 2017 by using methamphetamine.

Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 46. The probation condition Leach was accused of

violating stated:

[Leach] cannot use or possess alcoholic beverages, illegal drugs, synthetic drugs, or controlled substances (unless prescribed to [Leach] by a physician).

Id. The State’s petition also alleged that Leach was arrested on April 5, 2017,

and charged with possession of a device used to interfere with a drug or alcohol

screen, a Class B misdemeanor, in violation of the terms of his probation.

[6] After Leach’s arrest in April, Leach enrolled in the Salvation Army Adult

Rehab Center (“ARC”) program in Fort Wayne from May 10, 2017, until June

18, 2017. Leach claims he left ARC after his wife’s vehicle broke down, and

she needed assistance going to and from work; however, the ARC program

notified the court that Leach “went missing” on June 18th. Sent. Tr. Vol. II p.

10. The State contends Leach left ARC with another individual who appeared

to be “kicked out of the program.” Appellee’s Br. p. 7, see also Sent. Tr. p. 30.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 4 of 9 After his departure from ARC, Leach stated that he relapsed due to medication

he was prescribed after surgery from a work injury.

[7] Leach had a revocation hearing on August 22, 2018. At the hearing, Leach

admitted to only the allegations in Paragraph 8 of the State’s petition. The trial

court found, pursuant to Leach’s admissions, that Leach had violated his

probation. Accordingly, the trial court stated:

Okay. Well, what I’ll do is I’ll revoke all time served plus two years and one month, and we will apply the time served first to the misdemeanor sentence, . . . and then the leftover will be applied to the felonies, and that – . . . should be four months there that we – we have to spare so that the – the revocation will be for two years and one month, and uh – it’s the Court’s belief that would be a sufficient amount of time for me to send you to the Department of Correction[] where I will recommend that you receive substance treatment, . . . And, hey, I can’t guarantee, Mr. Leach, you’ll get treatment, but uh – I think that you know that will give him every chance that – possible to get the treatment, but I can’t guarantee it. You know, we’ve given you several chances here, and uh – you know, it sounds like, you know, maybe you’ve found your way now, but you know uh – you – you have failed to report to incarceration once. I released you on bond to return immediately upon your leaving ARC and you did not return, and in good conscience I can’t uh – you know keep doing the same thing. . . . I’ll terminate the remainder of your probation as unsuccessful and enter a judgment for costs.

Sent. Tr. pp. 40-41.

[8] The trial court revoked Leach’s suspended sentence of two years on the

criminal confinement conviction, one year on the failure to return to lawful

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 5 of 9 detention conviction, and 180 days on the criminal mischief conviction, minus

Leach’s good time credit. 5

[9] The trial court recommended that, while Leach was in the DOC, Leach should

participate in the “purposeful incarceration” program and encouraged Leach to

participate in the “recovery while incarcerated” program. Appellant’s App.

Vol. II p. 60. Leach now appeals.

Analysis

[10] Leach argues that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering him to serve

the balance of his suspended sentence at the DOC. “Probation is a matter of

grace left to trial court discretion, not a right to which a criminal defendant is

entitled.” Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007). “Probation is a

criminal sanction wherein a convicted defendant specifically agrees to accept

conditions upon his behavior in lieu of imprisonment.” Bratcher v. State, 999

N.E.2d 864, 873 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (citing Carswell v. State, 721 N.E.2d 1255,

1258 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999)), trans. denied. Where, like here, the trial court finds

that a defendant has violated a condition of his probation, it may: (1) continue

the probation with or without modifying the probation conditions; (2) extend

the probationary period for up to one year; or (3) revoke the probation and

order the execution of all or part of the sentence suspended at the initial

5 The trial court found that Leach “shall receive credit for 201 days accrued time, 402 days good time; said credit time is to be applied first to the sentence in cause number 39D01-1612-CM-1163 and the remaining time to the sentence in cause number 39D01-1506-F5-515.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 60.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 6 of 9 hearing. Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(h). A trial court’s sentencing decisions for

probation violations are reviewable using the abuse of discretion standard.

Prewitt, 878 N.E.2d at 188. An abuse of discretion occurs where the decision is

clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances. Id.

[11] Leach is not “asking this court to ignore his probation violation.” Appellant’s

Br. p. 12. Instead, Leach “argues that sending him back to prison with the hope

that he might be eligible for drug treatment was an abuse of discretion.” Id. at

6. Leach argues “the trial court failed to consider the proper sanction merited

by his violation. . . . [and that the] DOC placement did not ensure treatment.”

Id.

[12] In support of his argument, Leach relies on Johnson v. State, 62 N.E.3d 1224

(Ind. Ct. App. 2016), where we considered whether the trial court abused its

discretion in revoking Johnson’s community corrections placement and

ordering Johnson to serve the remainder of his executed sentence in prison. Id.

at 1225. Johnson “was adequately oriented but appear[ed] to have marked

learning, cognitive, and memory deficits,” and “[was] likely to meet criteria for

Mild Mental Retardation if he were formally tested.” Id. (internal citations

omitted). Johnson was sentenced to eleven years with seven years executed,

and four years suspended to probation. Id. at 1227. The terms of Johnson’s

home detention were that he could remain in “the interior living area of the

temporary or permanent residence of [Johnson’s residence].” Id. (internal

citations omitted).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 7 of 9 [13] At some point, Johnson fell behind on his fees and travelled to an unauthorized

location when he was given permission on one occasion to leave the home. Id.

Johnson was also seen by a field officer sitting outside his apartment on the

porch, instead of inside the apartment. Id. In response to the State’s petition

for revocation, the trial court modified Johnson’s sentence, revoked Johnson’s

placement in community corrections, and ordered Johnson to serve the

remainder of his executed sentence, which was approximately seven years, at

the DOC. A panel of our court held that the trial court abused its discretion

based on the “level of Johnson’s functioning and his resources, his previous

successful placement on work release, the nature of the violation, and the

severity of the court’s sentence.” Id. at 1231.

[14] While Leach acknowledges “the facts of this case differ from Johnson,” Leach

still contends that, similarly to Johnson, “three years of jail time is unduly harsh

considering Leach will be parted from his wife and six-year-old child for a long

time for doing nothing more than being a drug addict.” Appellant’s Br. pp. 9-

10. We disagree with Leach that revocation of his suspended sentence was

unduly harsh.

[15] The trial court noted that Leach had repeated probation violations. Notably,

the State did not petition for revocation of Leach’s probation until after Leach

violated his administrative agreement repeatedly. Our Supreme Court has held:

Once a trial court has exercised its grace by ordering probation rather than incarceration, the judge should have considerable leeway in deciding how to proceed. If this discretion were not

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 8 of 9 afforded to trial courts and sentences were scrutinized too severely on appeal, trial judges might be less inclined to order probation to future defendants.

Prewitt, 878 N.E.2d at 188. The trial court had “considerable leeway” in

deciding the consequences of Leach’s probation violations. Id. Given Leach’s

repeated probation violations, we do not find the imposition of the suspended

sentence to be an abuse of discretion. See, e.g., McKnight v. State, 787 N.E.2d

888, 893 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003) (holding that the trial court properly ordered the

defendant to serve seven years of his previously-suspended sentence after

finding four probation violations).

Conclusion

[16] The trial court did not abuse its discretion by ordering Leach to serve his

suspended sentence. We affirm.

[17] Affirmed.

Baker, J., and May, J., concur.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2190 | March 15, 2019 Page 9 of 9