NUMBER 13-18-00224-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
JAKE ARRON GONZALES, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 24th District Court of Victoria County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Contreras, Longoria, and Hinojosa Memorandum Opinion by Justice Contreras
Appellant Jake Arron Gonzales appeals from the revocation of his community
supervision for aggravated kidnapping, a first-degree felony, and assault family violence,
a third-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 20.04, 22.01(b)(2) (West, Westlaw
through 2017 1st C.S.). The trial court sentenced appellant to concurrent terms of twenty- five years and ten years, respectively. By one issue, appellant argues the trial court erred
when it overruled his objection to part of a witness’s testimony. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant was indicted in 2012 for: (1) aggravated kidnapping, see id. § 20.04; (2)
assault family violence, see id. § 22.01(b)(2); and (3) possession of cocaine, a controlled
substance, in the amount of one to four grams, a third-degree felony. See TEX. HEALTH
& SAFETY CODE ANN. §§ 481.102(3)(D), .115(c) (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).
Pursuant to a plea agreement, appellant pleaded guilty to the three offenses and
received: (1) ten years of deferred-adjudication community supervision, a $2,000 fine,
and $4,481.09 in restitution for the aggravated kidnapping charge; (2) ten years’
incarceration probated for ten years of community supervision for the assault family
violence charge; and (3) a suspended license and ten years’ incarceration probated for
five years of community supervision for the possession of a controlled substance charge.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 12.33, 12.34 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).
At some point, appellant completed his community supervision for the possession
of a controlled substance charge. In December 2017, appellant was arrested for a new
offense for assault family violence. The State then filed motions to adjudicate guilt and
to revoke appellant’s community supervision for the remaining two charges and alleging
four violations of the terms and conditions of his community supervision. See TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 42A.751, 42A.755 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).
Specifically, the State alleged that appellant violated the terms of his supervision because
he committed a new offense, failed to pay community supervision fees, and failed to
2 refrain from contact with the victim of his offenses on two occasions.1 Appellant pleaded
“true” to all the allegations.
At the hearing on the motion to adjudicate, the State called six witnesses, including
Officer Wilmer McLeroy of the Victoria Police Department. McLeroy was one of the police
officers who responded to the domestic disturbance call in 2012 that resulted in
appellant’s arrest for the underlying charges. During McLeroy’s testimony, the State
asked McLeroy whether he located any white substances at the residence. McLeroy
responded that another officer at the scene, Sergeant Erica Vaccaro, notified him of the
presence of narcotics, and appellant objected to this testimony on the basis of hearsay.
The trial court overruled appellant’s objection, and McLeroy testified that Vaccaro had
told him that she located some possible cocaine inside the residence.
As to the aggravated kidnapping charge, the trial court found the allegations to be
true, revoked appellant’s community supervision, adjudicated appellant guilty, and
sentenced him to twenty-five years’ incarceration in the Institutional Division of the Texas
Department of Criminal Justice. As to the assault family violence charge, the trial court
revoked appellant’s community supervision and sentenced him to ten years’
incarceration. The sentences were set to run concurrently. This appeal followed.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law
Appellate review of an order revoking community supervision is limited to abuse of
the trial court’s discretion. Hacker v. State, 389 S.W.3d 860, 865 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009);
1 Appellant’s girlfriend was the victim in both the 2012 and 2017 assault family violence offenses. The conditions of appellant’s community supervision required appellant to refrain from any contact with the victim; however, appellant lived with the victim on and off during his community supervision.
3 Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (citing Cardona v. State,
665 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984) (en banc)). Likewise, we review a trial
court’s decision on the admissibility of evidence for an abuse of discretion. Torres v.
State, 71 S.W.3d 758, 760 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (citing Burden v. State, 55 S.W.3d 608,
615 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)); see Ellison v. State, 201 S.W.3d 714, 723 (Tex. Crim. App.
2006).
In a revocation proceeding, the State must prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the defendant violated a condition of community supervision as alleged in
the State’s motion to revoke. Rickels, 202 S.W.3d at 763–64; Cobb v. State, 851 S.W.2d
871, 873 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (en banc). Preponderance of the evidence “means that
greater weight of the credible evidence which would create a reasonable belief that the
defendant violated a condition” of his community supervision. Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at
865; Rickels, 202 S.W.2d at 763–64. The trial court is the sole judge of the credibility of
the witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony, and we must view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling. See Cardona, 665 S.W.2d
at 493; Garrett v. State, 619 S.W.2d 172, 174 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981). When
the State has failed to meet its burden of proof, the trial judge abuses his discretion in
issuing an order to revoke community supervision. Cardona, 665 S.W.2d at 493–94.
One sufficient and unchallenged violation of the terms of a defendant’s community
supervision will support the trial court’s order on appeal, and an appellate court need not
address challenges to other grounds for revocation. Sanchez v. State, 603 S.W.2d 869,
871 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1980); see Smith v. State, 286 S.W.3d 333, 342 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2009) (“We have long held that ‘one sufficient ground for revocation would
4 support the trial court’s order revoking’ community supervision.”) (quoting Jones v. State,
571 S.W.2d 191, 193–94 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978)). Thus, a trial court does
not abuse its discretion if a preponderance of the evidence supports at least one of the
State’s allegations that the defendant violated a condition of his community supervision.
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NUMBER 13-18-00224-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
JAKE ARRON GONZALES, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 24th District Court of Victoria County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Contreras, Longoria, and Hinojosa Memorandum Opinion by Justice Contreras
Appellant Jake Arron Gonzales appeals from the revocation of his community
supervision for aggravated kidnapping, a first-degree felony, and assault family violence,
a third-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 20.04, 22.01(b)(2) (West, Westlaw
through 2017 1st C.S.). The trial court sentenced appellant to concurrent terms of twenty- five years and ten years, respectively. By one issue, appellant argues the trial court erred
when it overruled his objection to part of a witness’s testimony. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant was indicted in 2012 for: (1) aggravated kidnapping, see id. § 20.04; (2)
assault family violence, see id. § 22.01(b)(2); and (3) possession of cocaine, a controlled
substance, in the amount of one to four grams, a third-degree felony. See TEX. HEALTH
& SAFETY CODE ANN. §§ 481.102(3)(D), .115(c) (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).
Pursuant to a plea agreement, appellant pleaded guilty to the three offenses and
received: (1) ten years of deferred-adjudication community supervision, a $2,000 fine,
and $4,481.09 in restitution for the aggravated kidnapping charge; (2) ten years’
incarceration probated for ten years of community supervision for the assault family
violence charge; and (3) a suspended license and ten years’ incarceration probated for
five years of community supervision for the possession of a controlled substance charge.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 12.33, 12.34 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).
At some point, appellant completed his community supervision for the possession
of a controlled substance charge. In December 2017, appellant was arrested for a new
offense for assault family violence. The State then filed motions to adjudicate guilt and
to revoke appellant’s community supervision for the remaining two charges and alleging
four violations of the terms and conditions of his community supervision. See TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 42A.751, 42A.755 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).
Specifically, the State alleged that appellant violated the terms of his supervision because
he committed a new offense, failed to pay community supervision fees, and failed to
2 refrain from contact with the victim of his offenses on two occasions.1 Appellant pleaded
“true” to all the allegations.
At the hearing on the motion to adjudicate, the State called six witnesses, including
Officer Wilmer McLeroy of the Victoria Police Department. McLeroy was one of the police
officers who responded to the domestic disturbance call in 2012 that resulted in
appellant’s arrest for the underlying charges. During McLeroy’s testimony, the State
asked McLeroy whether he located any white substances at the residence. McLeroy
responded that another officer at the scene, Sergeant Erica Vaccaro, notified him of the
presence of narcotics, and appellant objected to this testimony on the basis of hearsay.
The trial court overruled appellant’s objection, and McLeroy testified that Vaccaro had
told him that she located some possible cocaine inside the residence.
As to the aggravated kidnapping charge, the trial court found the allegations to be
true, revoked appellant’s community supervision, adjudicated appellant guilty, and
sentenced him to twenty-five years’ incarceration in the Institutional Division of the Texas
Department of Criminal Justice. As to the assault family violence charge, the trial court
revoked appellant’s community supervision and sentenced him to ten years’
incarceration. The sentences were set to run concurrently. This appeal followed.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law
Appellate review of an order revoking community supervision is limited to abuse of
the trial court’s discretion. Hacker v. State, 389 S.W.3d 860, 865 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009);
1 Appellant’s girlfriend was the victim in both the 2012 and 2017 assault family violence offenses. The conditions of appellant’s community supervision required appellant to refrain from any contact with the victim; however, appellant lived with the victim on and off during his community supervision.
3 Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (citing Cardona v. State,
665 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984) (en banc)). Likewise, we review a trial
court’s decision on the admissibility of evidence for an abuse of discretion. Torres v.
State, 71 S.W.3d 758, 760 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (citing Burden v. State, 55 S.W.3d 608,
615 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)); see Ellison v. State, 201 S.W.3d 714, 723 (Tex. Crim. App.
2006).
In a revocation proceeding, the State must prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the defendant violated a condition of community supervision as alleged in
the State’s motion to revoke. Rickels, 202 S.W.3d at 763–64; Cobb v. State, 851 S.W.2d
871, 873 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (en banc). Preponderance of the evidence “means that
greater weight of the credible evidence which would create a reasonable belief that the
defendant violated a condition” of his community supervision. Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at
865; Rickels, 202 S.W.2d at 763–64. The trial court is the sole judge of the credibility of
the witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony, and we must view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling. See Cardona, 665 S.W.2d
at 493; Garrett v. State, 619 S.W.2d 172, 174 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981). When
the State has failed to meet its burden of proof, the trial judge abuses his discretion in
issuing an order to revoke community supervision. Cardona, 665 S.W.2d at 493–94.
One sufficient and unchallenged violation of the terms of a defendant’s community
supervision will support the trial court’s order on appeal, and an appellate court need not
address challenges to other grounds for revocation. Sanchez v. State, 603 S.W.2d 869,
871 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1980); see Smith v. State, 286 S.W.3d 333, 342 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2009) (“We have long held that ‘one sufficient ground for revocation would
4 support the trial court’s order revoking’ community supervision.”) (quoting Jones v. State,
571 S.W.2d 191, 193–94 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978)). Thus, a trial court does
not abuse its discretion if a preponderance of the evidence supports at least one of the
State’s allegations that the defendant violated a condition of his community supervision.
Lively v. State, 338 S.W.3d 140, 143 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2011, no pet.); see Leonard
v. State, 385 S.W.3d 570, 576 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Furthermore, a single plea of true
to a violation allegation is enough to sustain the trial court’s decision to revoke a
defendant’s community supervision. See Tapia v. State, 462 S.W.3d 29, 31 n.2 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2015); Rivera v. State, 688 S.W.2d 659, 660 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1985,
no writ).
If we find error regarding the admissibility of evidence, we will disregard the error
as harmless if it was non-constitutional and did not affect appellant’s substantial rights.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(a), (b); Barshaw v. State, 342 S.W.3d 91, 93 (Tex. Crim. App.
2001). An erroneous evidentiary ruling is generally non-constitutional error. See Potier
v. State, 68 S.W.3d 657, 663 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (en banc) (“Erroneous evidentiary
rulings rarely rise to the level of denying the fundamental constitutional rights to present
a meaningful defense.”); see also Casey v. State, 215 S.W.3d 870, 884–85 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2007); cf. Jones v. State, 119 S.W.3d 766, 776–77 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (en banc)
(noting that the admission of defendant’s confession was evidentiary error of
constitutional nature because the confession was obtained without Miranda warnings in
violation of the Fifth Amendment). An appellant’s “substantial rights are not affected by
the erroneous admission of evidence ‘if the appellate court, after examining the record as
a whole, has fair assurance that the error did not influence the [judge], or had but a slight
5 effect.’” Motilla v. State, 78 S.W.3d 352, 355 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (quoting Solomon v.
State, 49 S.W.3d 356, 365 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); Johnson v. State, 967 S.W.2d 410,
417 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998)).
B. Analysis
By his sole issue, appellant argues that the trial court erred when it overruled his
objection to Officer McLeroy’s testimony on the basis that it was hearsay. See TEX. R.
EVID. 801. We will assume, without deciding, that the trial court abused its discretion in
overruling appellant’s objection, and we will proceed to our analysis of whether appellant
suffered any harm as a result.
Here, appellant complains of an alleged non-constitutional evidentiary error. See
Casey, 215 S.W.3d at 884–85; Potier, 68 S.W.3d at, 663–64; see also Jones, 119 S.W.3d
at 776–77. And appellant did not challenge any of the alleged violations of his community
supervision; instead, he pleaded “true” as to all of them. Further, the State presented
extensive testimony from six witnesses, including testimony from the victim, in support of
the alleged violations. Viewing the evidence other than the hearsay testimony in the light
most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, we conclude the State proved by more than a
preponderance of the evidence that appellant had violated the terms and conditions of
his community supervision. See Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at 865; Rickels, 202 S.W.2d at 763–
64; Cardona, 665 S.W.2d at 493.
As noted earlier, Texas law is clear that one sufficient ground for revocation will
support the trial court’s order revoking community supervision, Smith, 286 S.W.3d at 342;
Sanchez, 603 S.W.2d at 871, and a plea of true from a defendant is sufficient standing
alone to support the revocation of community supervision. See Tapia, 462 S.W.3d at 31
6 n.2; Rivera, 688 S.W.2d at 659. Thus, after examining the record as a whole, we have
fair assurance that the alleged error did not have a substantial and injurious effect or
influence in determining the judge’s verdict. See Smith, 286 S.W.3d at 342; Casey, 215
S.W.3d at 885; Motilla, 78 S.W.3d at 359–60. Accordingly, we conclude that appellant’s
alleged error did not contribute to his adjudication of guilt or revocation of his community
supervision, and any such error was harmless. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2; Smith, 286
S.W.3d at 342; Casey, 215 S.W.3d at 884–85.
Finally, appellant briefly mentions in his brief that the admission of McLeroy’s
response “perhaps ultimately added time to his sentences.” However, appellant does not
show or otherwise discuss how that evidence somehow affected the sentence handed
down by the trial court, see TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i), and appellant did nothing in the trial
court to preserve any error regarding the punishment assessed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1.
Appellant’s sole issue is overruled.
III. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
DORI CONTRERAS Justice
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed the 16th day of August, 2018.