Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CV-14-47
LANCE JACKSON Opinion Delivered May 7, 2014
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE FAULKNER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT V. [NO. 23JV-12-567]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE DAVID M. CLARK, HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR JUDGE CHILDREN APPELLEES AFFIRMED; MOTION GRANTED
DAVID M. GLOVER, Judge
Lance Jackson’s parental rights to his sons, I.J., born September 1, 2009, and L.J., born
September 29, 2011, were terminated by an order entered October 15, 2013.1 Pursuant to
Linker-Flores v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 359 Ark. 131, 194 S.W.3d 739 (2004),
and Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 6-9(i), Jackson’s attorney has filed a no-merit brief
asserting that there are no issues that would support a meritorious appeal and a motion
requesting to be relieved as counsel. We affirm the termination of parental rights and grant
the motion to withdraw.
This case began on December 21, 2012, when the Arkansas Department of Human
Services (DHS) filed a petition for emergency custody of J.M., I.J., L.J., and Z.J. against
1 On July 11, 2013, the boys’ mother, Marsha Oliver, executed a “Relinquishment of Parental Rights” to not only I.J. and L.J., but also to another son and daughter, J.M. and Z.J., who are not Jackson’s biological children. Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
Jackson and Marsha Oliver.2 A report was made to the Child Abuse Hotline on December
20, 2012, that J.M., Oliver’s four-year-old son, had been burned over forty percent of his
body by Oliver; medical attention was not sought for over three hours. It was determined
that the second- and third-degree burns could not have occurred in the manner Oliver
reported. While in the hospital, it was discovered upon examination that J.M. had many
more injuries, including human bite marks; cigarette burns; extensive bruising; multiple scars
on his chest, back, legs, and abdomen; and a hematoma on the right side of his face. DHS
took all of the children into custody because of J.M.’s injuries and because the children would
be at risk for substantial harm if returned to the home. An ex parte order for emergency
custody was issued on December 21, 2012. The children were adjudicated dependent-
neglected in an order entered on March 7, 2013.
DHS filed a motion to terminate reunification services in February 2013 based on the
fact that J.M. had been subjected to aggravated circumstances and that there was little
likelihood that services would result in successful reunification; this motion was granted on
May 31, 2013. In a permanency-planning order filed in July 2013, the trial court found that
it was in the children’s best interest to remain in DHS custody; that the goal of reunification
was not appropriate; and that the concurrent goal of adoption was appropriate and would be
the primary goal. DHS filed a petition to terminate parental rights on August 12, 2013. After
2 Jerame McNeal was named as the legal/putative father of J.M. While Jackson was initially believed to be the father of I.J., L.J., and Z.J., it was later determined that Jackson was not Z.J.’s biological father.
2 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
a hearing on the petition to terminate parental rights, the trial court did in fact terminate
Jackson’s parental rights to his two sons.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Spangler v. Arkansas Dep’t
of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 404. Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy
and in derogation of the natural rights of parents. Watson v. Arkansas Dep’t of Human Servs.,
2014 Ark. App. 28. DHS must prove by clear and convincing evidence—that degree of proof
that will produce in the finder of fact a firm conviction as to the allegation sought to be
established—that it is in the children’s best interest to terminate parental rights, as well as the
existence of at least one statutory ground for termination. Spangler, supra. In determining the
best interest of the juveniles, a trial court must take into consideration (1) the likelihood that
the juvenile will be adopted if the termination petition is granted; and (2) the potential harm,
specifically addressing the effect on the health and safety of the child, caused by returning the
child to the custody of the parent. Myers v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. 182, 380
S.W.3d 906. When the burden of proof is clear and convincing evidence, the inquiry on
appeal is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved by clear and
convincing evidence is clearly erroneous; a finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
is evidence to support it, the appellate court, on the entire evidence, is left with a definite and
firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Watson, supra. However, we do give a high
degree of deference to the trial court, as it is in a far superior position to observe the parties
3 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
before it and to judge the credibility of the witnesses. Dinkins v. Arkansas Dep’t of Human
Servs., 344 Ark. 207, 40 S.W.3d 286 (2001).
In the present case, the trial court found three bases for the termination of Jackson’s
parental rights—Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vi) (Repl. 2009) (The
court has found the juvenile or a sibling dependent-neglected as a result of neglect or abuse
that could endanger the life of the child, sexual abuse, or sexual exploitation, any of which
was perpetrated by the juvenile’s parent or parents or step-parent or step-parents.); Arkansas
Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii) (Other factors arose subsequent to the filing
of the original petition for dependency-neglect that demonstrate that the return of the
juvenile to the home is contrary to the juvenile’s health, safety, or welfare, and that, despite
the offer of appropriate services, the parent had manifested the incapacity or indifference to
rehabilitate the circumstances preventing the return of the juvenile to the home.); and
Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(3)(A) (The parent is found by a
court of competent jurisdiction to have subjected any juvenile to aggravated circumstances.).
There was no error in the trial court’s finding that Jackson’s parental rights should be
terminated. There was testimony that the boys were adoptable, and there was also evidence
of potential harm if the boys were returned to Jackson’s custody. Marsha Oliver voluntarily
relinquished her parental rights to all four of her children, but the trial court nevertheless
found that Jackson continued to have a relationship with Oliver during these proceedings.
Although Jackson denied this relationship, the trial court did not believe him. Furthermore,
due to the injuries inflicted on J.M., there was a no-contact order between Oliver and the
4 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
children, but Jackson still allowed Oliver to talk to the children on the phone. Although
Jackson testified that at the time he allowed Oliver to talk to the children he did not know
that there was a no-contact order, the trial court did not believe him. The trial court
specifically found that DHS had proven by clear and convincing evidence that J.M. had
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CV-14-47
LANCE JACKSON Opinion Delivered May 7, 2014
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE FAULKNER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT V. [NO. 23JV-12-567]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE DAVID M. CLARK, HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR JUDGE CHILDREN APPELLEES AFFIRMED; MOTION GRANTED
DAVID M. GLOVER, Judge
Lance Jackson’s parental rights to his sons, I.J., born September 1, 2009, and L.J., born
September 29, 2011, were terminated by an order entered October 15, 2013.1 Pursuant to
Linker-Flores v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 359 Ark. 131, 194 S.W.3d 739 (2004),
and Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 6-9(i), Jackson’s attorney has filed a no-merit brief
asserting that there are no issues that would support a meritorious appeal and a motion
requesting to be relieved as counsel. We affirm the termination of parental rights and grant
the motion to withdraw.
This case began on December 21, 2012, when the Arkansas Department of Human
Services (DHS) filed a petition for emergency custody of J.M., I.J., L.J., and Z.J. against
1 On July 11, 2013, the boys’ mother, Marsha Oliver, executed a “Relinquishment of Parental Rights” to not only I.J. and L.J., but also to another son and daughter, J.M. and Z.J., who are not Jackson’s biological children. Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
Jackson and Marsha Oliver.2 A report was made to the Child Abuse Hotline on December
20, 2012, that J.M., Oliver’s four-year-old son, had been burned over forty percent of his
body by Oliver; medical attention was not sought for over three hours. It was determined
that the second- and third-degree burns could not have occurred in the manner Oliver
reported. While in the hospital, it was discovered upon examination that J.M. had many
more injuries, including human bite marks; cigarette burns; extensive bruising; multiple scars
on his chest, back, legs, and abdomen; and a hematoma on the right side of his face. DHS
took all of the children into custody because of J.M.’s injuries and because the children would
be at risk for substantial harm if returned to the home. An ex parte order for emergency
custody was issued on December 21, 2012. The children were adjudicated dependent-
neglected in an order entered on March 7, 2013.
DHS filed a motion to terminate reunification services in February 2013 based on the
fact that J.M. had been subjected to aggravated circumstances and that there was little
likelihood that services would result in successful reunification; this motion was granted on
May 31, 2013. In a permanency-planning order filed in July 2013, the trial court found that
it was in the children’s best interest to remain in DHS custody; that the goal of reunification
was not appropriate; and that the concurrent goal of adoption was appropriate and would be
the primary goal. DHS filed a petition to terminate parental rights on August 12, 2013. After
2 Jerame McNeal was named as the legal/putative father of J.M. While Jackson was initially believed to be the father of I.J., L.J., and Z.J., it was later determined that Jackson was not Z.J.’s biological father.
2 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
a hearing on the petition to terminate parental rights, the trial court did in fact terminate
Jackson’s parental rights to his two sons.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Spangler v. Arkansas Dep’t
of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 404. Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy
and in derogation of the natural rights of parents. Watson v. Arkansas Dep’t of Human Servs.,
2014 Ark. App. 28. DHS must prove by clear and convincing evidence—that degree of proof
that will produce in the finder of fact a firm conviction as to the allegation sought to be
established—that it is in the children’s best interest to terminate parental rights, as well as the
existence of at least one statutory ground for termination. Spangler, supra. In determining the
best interest of the juveniles, a trial court must take into consideration (1) the likelihood that
the juvenile will be adopted if the termination petition is granted; and (2) the potential harm,
specifically addressing the effect on the health and safety of the child, caused by returning the
child to the custody of the parent. Myers v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. 182, 380
S.W.3d 906. When the burden of proof is clear and convincing evidence, the inquiry on
appeal is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved by clear and
convincing evidence is clearly erroneous; a finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
is evidence to support it, the appellate court, on the entire evidence, is left with a definite and
firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Watson, supra. However, we do give a high
degree of deference to the trial court, as it is in a far superior position to observe the parties
3 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
before it and to judge the credibility of the witnesses. Dinkins v. Arkansas Dep’t of Human
Servs., 344 Ark. 207, 40 S.W.3d 286 (2001).
In the present case, the trial court found three bases for the termination of Jackson’s
parental rights—Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vi) (Repl. 2009) (The
court has found the juvenile or a sibling dependent-neglected as a result of neglect or abuse
that could endanger the life of the child, sexual abuse, or sexual exploitation, any of which
was perpetrated by the juvenile’s parent or parents or step-parent or step-parents.); Arkansas
Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii) (Other factors arose subsequent to the filing
of the original petition for dependency-neglect that demonstrate that the return of the
juvenile to the home is contrary to the juvenile’s health, safety, or welfare, and that, despite
the offer of appropriate services, the parent had manifested the incapacity or indifference to
rehabilitate the circumstances preventing the return of the juvenile to the home.); and
Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(3)(A) (The parent is found by a
court of competent jurisdiction to have subjected any juvenile to aggravated circumstances.).
There was no error in the trial court’s finding that Jackson’s parental rights should be
terminated. There was testimony that the boys were adoptable, and there was also evidence
of potential harm if the boys were returned to Jackson’s custody. Marsha Oliver voluntarily
relinquished her parental rights to all four of her children, but the trial court nevertheless
found that Jackson continued to have a relationship with Oliver during these proceedings.
Although Jackson denied this relationship, the trial court did not believe him. Furthermore,
due to the injuries inflicted on J.M., there was a no-contact order between Oliver and the
4 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
children, but Jackson still allowed Oliver to talk to the children on the phone. Although
Jackson testified that at the time he allowed Oliver to talk to the children he did not know
that there was a no-contact order, the trial court did not believe him. The trial court
specifically found that DHS had proven by clear and convincing evidence that J.M. had
suffered life-threatening abuse while living with Jackson, that Jackson was aware of the abuse,
that Jackson took no action to protect J.M. from the abuse, and that Jackson still did not
believe Oliver had abused J.M. The trial court did not find Jackson’s testimony that he was
not present when the abuse occurred to be credible. There was testimony at the termination
hearing that, when asked about J.M.’s injuries, Jackson stated that J.M. was “just bad.”
Jackson’s continued contact with Oliver, his allowance of phone contact between
Oliver and the children despite a no-contact order, his denial of knowledge of the severity of
J.M.’s injuries, his rationale that J.M. was “just bad,” and the fact that the trial court found
that Jackson knew of the abuse suffered by J.M. yet did not do anything to prevent it supports
all three grounds for termination. There was no error in terminating Jackson’s parental rights.
Other Adverse Rulings
Other than the sufficiency of the evidence to support termination of Jackson’s parental
rights, there were two rulings made during the termination hearing that were adverse to
Jackson. Neither of these rulings constitutes reversible error.
The first adverse ruling occurred during the direct examination of Magean Brents, the
DHS family-services worker. Jackson’s counsel objected when the DHS attorney asked
Brents which of J.M.’s injuries were obvious to the naked eye. Jackson’s attorney objected
5 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
and asked the trial court if it was adjudicating the matter, as there was no mention in the
adjudication order that Jackson had caused the harm to J.M. Counsel for DHS explained that
the question was asked to show that Jackson was in the home at the time of J.M.’s injuries and
took no action to prevent any further injuries to J.M. The trial court overruled Jackson’s
objection. This objection was really just a comment—it failed to apprise the trial court of any
specific legal error in eliciting this information from Brents. To preserve an issue for appeal,
the objection must be specific enough to inform the trial court of the particular error about
which appellant complains. Blanchard v. State, 2009 Ark. 335, 321 S.W.3d 250.
The other ruling adverse to Jackson also occurred during Brents’s testimony on direct
examination while she was testifying about an altercation between Jackson and Oliver and
began to discuss police reports and medical documents. Jackson’s counsel objected to Brents
testifying about any police reports and medical documents on the basis of hearsay. The trial
court never made a ruling on this objection; instead, the trial court simply directed counsel
for DHS to “move on.” The failure to raise issues or to obtain rulings at the trial-court level
is fatal to this court’s consideration of the issue on appeal. Johnson v. Arkansas Dep’t of Human
Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 537.
After carefully examining the record and the brief presented to us, we hold that counsel
has complied with the requirements established by the Arkansas Supreme Court for no-merit
appeals in termination cases and conclude that the appeal is wholly without merit.
Accordingly, counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted, and the order terminating Jackson’s
parental rights is affirmed.
6 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 288
Affirmed; motion granted.
GLADWIN, C.J., and HIXSON, J., agree.
Didi H. Sallings, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.
No response.