Ivison v. Ivison

762 So. 2d 329, 2000 WL 863172
CourtMississippi Supreme Court
DecidedJune 29, 2000
Docket1999-CA-01063-SCT
StatusPublished
Cited by70 cases

This text of 762 So. 2d 329 (Ivison v. Ivison) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Mississippi Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ivison v. Ivison, 762 So. 2d 329, 2000 WL 863172 (Mich. 2000).

Opinion

762 So.2d 329 (2000)

Herbert B. IVISON, Jr.
v.
Leigh S. IVISON.

No. 1999-CA-01063-SCT.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

June 29, 2000.

*331 William R. Wright, W. Benton Gregg, Stacey P. Stracener, Jackson, Attorneys for Appellant.

R. Conner McAllister, Jackson, Attorney for Appellee.

Before PITTMAN, P.J., SMITH AND DIAZ, JJ.

*332 DIAZ, Justice, for the Court:

¶ 1. On August 2, 1993, Leigh S. Ivison and Herbert B. Ivison, Jr., executed a child custody and property settlement agreement which was attached as an exhibit to the final judgment of divorce granted on the grounds of irreconcilable differences.

¶ 2. On September 29, 1997, Leigh filed a motion for modification and clarification and motion for contempt against Herb. On December 9, 1997, Herb filed his response. The chancellor heard arguments on the motion on August 5, 1998. Prior to the hearing, all issues were resolved except three: (1) whether Herb should be responsible for Leigh's tax liability on mortgage payments which Herb made on her behalf, (2) whether Herb should be required to pay Leigh's attorney fees, and (3) a visitation issue. Only the issue relating to Leigh's tax liability is before this Court on appeal.

¶ 3. The chancellor rendered a bench opinion wherein she found that based upon the intent of the parties at the time the final judgment was entered, Herb should reimburse Leigh for her tax liability on the mortgage payments. The order on motion for modification and clarification was entered on September 28, 1998. On March 19, 1999, the chancellor denied Herb's motion for reconsideration. We find that the chancellor abused her discretion in modifying the divorce agreement. Accordingly, we reverse.

FACTS

¶ 4. The final divorce agreement awarded Leigh exclusive use and possession of the former marital home. Herb agreed to pay the monthly mortgage payments of approximately $2,000 on the home. He agreed to make these payments until the youngest child born to the marriage reached the age of majority. At that time, the parties would sell the home and divide the equity. Additionally, Herb agreed to pay Leigh periodic alimony in the amount of $2,500 per month, lump sum alimony, and child support of $1,500 per month. By the terms of the agreement, Herb is also required to pay private school tuition for the parties' three children, as well as various other expenses for the children. The total annual cash support received by Leigh from Herb is approximately $92,000, not including tuition and other expenses for the children.

¶ 5. The house payments were not designated as alimony in the divorce agreement. Moreover, the divorce agreement did not address whether the periodic alimony payments and mortgage payments paid by Herb were deductible by Herb or includable by Leigh for federal and state income tax purposes. Notably, Herb did not claim any income tax deductions for any of the mortgage payments for the years 1993 and 1994. However, he did deduct the $2,500 per month periodic alimony payments on his income tax return. Beginning in 1995, Herb began deducting one-half of the mortgage payment on his income tax return.

¶ 6. Leigh did not include these payments as income to her when Herb included the house payments as a deduction. This omission triggered an audit of Leigh's income tax return. As a result of the audit, Leigh incurred a tax liability of approximately $2,890, excluding penalties for 1995. Both Leigh and Herb testified that each of them entered into the divorce agreement unaware of the tax consequences of the mortgage payments.

¶ 7. Leigh sought an IRS ruling on whether the payments were deductible for Herb, and therefore, included as income for her. The IRS determined that the payments were taxable alimony which should be included by Leigh on her income tax return. Thereafter, on September 29, 1997, Leigh filed a motion for modification and clarification of the final divorce judgment and a motion for contempt seeking reimbursement for payments resulting from the IRS audit, as well as an order from the court precluding Herb from deducting *333 the mortgage payments of the marital home on future income tax returns. Through her pleadings, Leigh asked the court to hold that the mortgage payments were, in fact, child support; however, she abandoned that theory at trial and instead sought an order requiring Herb to reimburse her for any taxes imposed as a result of Herb deducting the mortgage payments from his income taxes.

¶ 8. The chancellor issued a bench opinion wherein she found that Herb and the IRS were correct in their conclusions that Herb had the right to deduct the mortgage payments and that those payments were taxable. The chancellor then modified the divorce agreement by ordering Herb to reimburse Leigh for any additional tax liability she incurred by failing to include the amount of the mortgage payments as income on her tax returns when Herb deducted those same payments for tax years 1995 and 1996.

¶ 9. Herb raises three issues on appeal:

I. WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN MODIFYING THE PARTIES' PROPERTY SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT BECAUSE THERE WAS NO MATERIAL CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES AFTER THE ENTRY OF THE JUDGMENT
II. WHETHER THE COURT ERRED BY REWRITING THE PARTIES' PROPERTY AGREEMENT WHICH WAS A VALID, UNAMBIGUOUS CONTRACT
III. WHETHER THE COURT'S RULING WAS CONTRARY TO THE CLEAR LANGUAGE OF THE UNITED STATES TAX CODE AND THAT IGNORANCE OF THE TAX LAWS SHOULD NOT ALLOW LEIGH TO MODIFY THE PARTIES' CONTRACT

Though she did not file a cross-appeal, Leigh purports to raise the following issues on appeal:

I. WHETHER ACCORDING TO 26 U.S.C.A. § 71(C)(2), THE MONTHLY MORTGAGE PAYMENTS MADE BY APPELLANT ARE CONSIDERED CHILD SUPPORT INSTEAD OF ALIMONY
II. WHETHER THE RULING REQUIRING HERB TO REIMBURSE LEIGH FOR THE TAX LIABILITY INCURRED AS A RESULT OF AN AUDIT FROM THE IRS WAS NOT A MODIFICATION OF THE AGREEMENT

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶ 10. Our scope of review in domestic relations matters is limited by our familiar substantial evidence/manifest error rule. Stevison v. Woods, 560 So.2d 176, 180 (Miss.1990). "This Court will not disturb the findings of a chancellor unless the chancellor was manifestly wrong, clearly erroneous or an erroneous legal standard was applied." Bell v. Parker, 563 So.2d 594, 596-97 (Miss.1990). In other words, "[o]n appeal [we are] required to respect the findings of fact made by a chancellor supported by credible evidence and not manifestly wrong." Newsom v. Newsom, 557 So.2d 511, 514 (Miss.1990).

DISCUSSION

I. WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN MODIFYING THE PARTIES' PROPERTY SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT BECAUSE THERE WAS NO MATERIAL CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES AFTER THE ENTRY OF THE JUDGMENT

¶ 11. At the request of either party, periodic alimony may be modified by increasing, decreasing, or terminating the award via court order. McDonald v. McDonald, 683 So.2d 929, 931 (Miss.1996). Accordingly, chancellors are vested with the authority to modify awards of periodic alimony where they find that there has been a "substantial change in circumstances." *334 McDonald, 683 So.2d at 931. An award of alimony can only be modified where it is shown that there has been a material change in the circumstances of one or both of the parties. Varner v. Varner, 666 So.2d 493, 497 (Miss.1995).

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Bluebook (online)
762 So. 2d 329, 2000 WL 863172, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ivison-v-ivison-miss-2000.