Ivaldi v. National Labor Relations Board

48 F.3d 444
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
DecidedFebruary 23, 1995
DocketNos. 93-70608 and 93-70691
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 48 F.3d 444 (Ivaldi v. National Labor Relations Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ivaldi v. National Labor Relations Board, 48 F.3d 444 (9th Cir. 1995).

Opinion

BOOCHEVER, Circuit Judge:

Frank Ivaldi, et al., d/b/a Sunol Valley Golf Club and Recreation Co. (“Sunol”), petitions for review of a final order of the National Labor Relations Board (“the Board”). The Board affirmed the administrative law judge’s decision that Sunol violated the National Labor Relations Act by (1) withdrawing recognition from the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders Union, Local 50 (“the Union”), (2) refusing to execute a written collective bargaining agreement after the Union accepted Sunol’s prior offer, and (3) requiring striking employees to complete an application and submit to an interview before being reinstated to their employment positions. The Board cross-petitions for enforcement of its order requiring Sunol to execute a written collective bargaining agreement and to offer the striking employees immediate and full reinstatement. Because the Board’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, we grant enforcement of its order.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Sunol operates a 36-hole golf course and clubhouse. The Union represents fifteen of Sunol’s employees who are food and beverage workers in Sunol’s cafe and banquet business. Sunol has recognized the Union since Sunol opened in 1968, and the parties have entered into a number of successive collective bargaining agreements since that time. The most recent contract between the parties expired on June 30, 1990. Negotiations for a successor agreement began in May, 1990, and continued through January 4, 1991.

On October 9, 1990, the parties held a negotiation meeting, and Sunol presented the Union with a written offer for a collective bargaining agreement. The terms of the offer itself did not indicate that the offer would expire upon rejection by the Union. No agreement was reached, and the parties met again on October 12. Proposals were exchanged, but again the parties could not agree.

On October 16, Sunol gave the Union a one-page handwritten offer which Sunol called its “last, best and final offer.” The offer itself contained no express language indicating that the offer would expire upon rejection. The Union employees voted to reject the October 16 offer and went on strike two days later.

The parties met on October 30, in the presence of a federal mediator, to attempt to resolve the strike. The terms of the October 16 offer were again discussed and rejected by the Union. The parties dispute exactly what was said at the end of the meeting. Sunol [447]*447claims that its chief negotiator told the Union that the October 16 offer was no longer valid. The Board credited the Union’s testimony, however, that Sunol’s negotiator actually reaffirmed the October 16 offer by stating, “You’ve got my offer, it’s there,” and that the federal mediator closed the session by stating, “The Union has the employer’s offer; it’s their call.”

No negotiations took place until the parties met again on January 4,1991. On that date, Sunol notified the Union that it was withdrawing recognition of the Union as the exclusive bargaining representative of the employees and that it would no longer deal with the Union. Shortly thereafter, the Union filed an unfair labor practice charge with the Board alleging that Sunol’s withdrawal of recognition was unlawful. Sunol later- conceded that the withdrawal of recognition was in fact unlawful.

The Board’s regional officer, Nicholas Tsi-liacos, investigated the charge and negotiated a settlement agreement to settle the claim. The settlement agreement, which was approved by the Board on February 21, required Sunol'to bargain collectively with the Union once again and to reinstate the striking employees upon their unconditional application for reemployment.

On March 1, the Union wrote Sunol that as a result of the settlement, negotiations were once again resumed and the Union would accept Sunol’s October 16 offer. The Union’s letter to Sunol stated: “When bargaining left off as a result of your unfair labor practice, you had. a last, best and final offer on the table. The Union accepts it_” Sunol responded that “there was no ‘offer on the table,’ ” and Sunol refused to execute an agreement embodying the terms of the October 16 offer.

In the weeks that followed, six striking employees sent letters to Sunol making unconditional offers to return to work. Upon receiving these letters, Sunol did not immediately reinstate the employees, but instead, required the employees to complete applications and submit to interviews before returning to work.

The Union then filed a new unfair, labor ■practice charge with the Board alleging restraint and coercion of employees, and refusal to bargain. The Board then issued an order withdrawing approval of and setting aside the settlement agreement. The case was brought before an Administrative Law Judge who found that Sunol violated various provisions of the National Labor Relations Act by refusing to execute a collective bargaining agreement embodying the terms of the October 16 offer, and by fading to reinstate immediately the striking employees who made written offers to return to work. The Board affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s decision.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

We uphold the decisions of the Board “if its findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence and if the Board correctly applied the law.” NLRB v. General Truck Drivers, Local No. 315, 20 F.3d 1017, 1021 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 355, 130 L.Ed.2d 310 (1994). If there are two conflicting views of the evidence, the Board’s findings are upheld even though we might have reached a different conclusion had the matter been before us de novo. NLRB v. Champ Corp., 933 F.2d 688, 691 (9th Cir.1990) (as amended), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 957, 112 S.Ct. 416, 116 L.Ed.2d 437 (1991). Credibility determinations “are entitled to special deference and may only be rejected when a clear preponderance of the evidence shows they are incorrect.” Id.

DISCUSSION

I. Sunol’s Failure to Execute the Collective Bargaining Agreement

The Board found that Sunol violated sections 8(a)(1) and (5) of the National Labor Relations Act (“the Act”),1 29 U.S.C. [448]*448§§ 158(a)(1) and (5), by withdrawing recognition from the Union and by refusing to execute a written collective bargaining agreement embodying the terms of Sunol’s October 16,1990 offer, which was accepted by the Union on March 1, 1991.

At the hearing, Sunol conceded that its withdrawal of recognition from the Union on January 4,' 1991, was unlawful. Sunol argues, however, that it did not violate the Act by failing to execute the collective bargaining agreement because Sunol’s withdrawal of recognition of the Union served as a withdrawal of all previously outstanding contract offers.

An employer’s refusal to execute a collective bargaining agreement whose terms have been agreed to by both the employer and the Union constitutes a violation of section 8(a)(5). Local 512, Warehouse & Office Workers’ Union v. NLRB, 795 F.2d 705, 712 (9th Cir.1986). Technical rules of contract law do not control whether an agreement between the parties has been reached. NLRB v. Donkin’s Inn, Inc.,

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Related

Ivaldi v. National Labor Relations Board
48 F.3d 444 (Ninth Circuit, 1995)

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