REVERSE and REMAND; and Opinion Filed July 12, 2018.
In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-17-00832-CV
INTRAS, LLC, Appellant V. CORE 3 TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, Appellee
On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 416-00516-2017
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang-Miers, Evans, and Schenck Opinion by Justice Schenck Intras, LLC (“Intras”) appeals from the trial court’s grant of a default judgment in favor of
Core 3 Technologies, LLC (“Core 3”). In its first four issues, Intras challenges the sufficiency of
Core 3’s pleadings and the evidence of damages. In its fifth issue, Intras urges the trial court erred
in awarding Core 3 its attorney’s fees. In its sixth and final issue, Intras argues the trial court erred
in failing to grant its motion for new trial. We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the
cause to the trial court for proceedings in accordance with this opinion. Because all issues are
settled in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
BACKGROUND
In 2014, Intras agreed to purchase equipment from Core 3. On February 2, 2017, Core 3
filed suit against Intras, asserting claims for breach of contract and quantum meruit. In its petition,
Core 3 alleged that it provided services and equipment to Intras, for which Intras failed to pay. Core 3 sought a default judgment against Intras, which the trial court granted. Intras filed a motion
for new trial, in which it urged that its failure to answer was not intentional, but accidental because
it relied on statements from Core 3’s representative that Core 3 would provide reasonable notice
to Intras before proceeding with any actions in the lawsuit. Attached to the motion for new trial
was a declaration from Intras’s representative, which detailed those statements from Core 3’s
representative and stated that Core 3 failed to provide any notice to anyone at Intras that Core 3
would proceed with the lawsuit or file any motion for default judgment. After conducting a hearing
on the motion for new trial, the trial court denied the motion. This appeal followed.
MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL
In its sixth issue on appeal, Intras argues the trial court erred in denying its motion for new
trial because Intras satisfied all three elements of the Craddock test. A default judgment should
be set aside if the defendant proves: (1) the failure to appear was not intentional or the result of
conscious indifference, but was the result of an accident or mistake, (2) the motion for new trial
sets up a meritorious defense, and (3) a new trial would cause neither delay nor undue prejudice.
Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939). The defaulting defendant
has the burden of proving all three elements of the Craddock test before a trial court is required to
grant a motion for new trial. Utz v. McKenzie, 397 S.W.3d 273, 278 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no
pet.). We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion for new trial for an abuse of discretion, which
occurs when the motion is denied despite all three elements being met. Dolgencorp of Texas, Inc.
v. Lerma, 288 S.W.3d 922, 926 (Tex. 2009).
To satisfy the first Craddock element, a defendant must establish the failure to appear was
not the result of conscious indifference. McLeod v. Gyr, 439 S.W.3d 639, 655 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2014). A failure to appear is not intentional or due to conscious indifference within the meaning
of the rule merely because it is deliberate; it must also be without adequate justification. Id. Proof
–2– of such justification—accident, mistake, or other reasonable explanation—negates the intent or
conscious indifference for which reinstatement can be denied. Id. Conscious indifference equates
to something more than mere negligence. See id. A defendant must offer some excuse, which
need not necessarily be a good excuse. Fid. & Guar. Ins. Co. v. Drewery Const. Co., Inc., 186
S.W.3d 571, 576 (Tex. 2006).
Here, Intras provided an uncontroverted explanation for its failure to answer in its motion
for new trial and attached supporting declaration. In the supporting declaration, Intras’s
representative, Kareem Merritt, testified that after learning of the instant lawsuit, he contacted the
representative at Core 3, Christopher Bergen, to try to resolve the matter.
During those discussions, Christopher Bergen represented to me that Core 3 would continue to work only on trying to resolve our dispute until it appeared that further negotiations were no longer productive, and at that point would give Intras reasonable notice before proceeding with any actions in the lawsuit.
Core 3 did not provide any notice to me or anyone else at Intras that Core 3 intended to proceed with the lawsuit or file any motion for default judgment.
The declaration here shows neither intent nor conscious indifference. At worst, it evinces
mere negligence; there is nothing to indicate that Intras intentionally chose not to answer the suit.
See Hampton-Vaughan Funeral Home v. Briscoe, 327 S.W.3d 743, 748 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2010, no pet.) (holding defendant’s failure to answer akin to mere negligence where defendant’s
attorney claimed he did not answer suit because he thought parties were going to meet and discuss
settlement). Core 3 did not respond to the motion for new trial or appear at the hearing on the
motion for new trial. Therefore, Intras’s evidence is uncontroverted. See Fid. & Guar. Ins., 186
S.W.3d at 576 (where plaintiff did not controvert defendant’s proof, trial court not at liberty to
disregard it). We conclude Intras satisfied the first element of the Craddock test.
The second element of the Craddock test requires Intras to set up a meritorious defense in
its motion for new trial. Craddock, 133 S.W.2d at 126. A movant must do more than merely
–3– assert it has a meritorious defense; however, it need not prove the defense in order to meet the
second Craddock element. Dolgencorp, 288 S.W.3d at 928. Instead, the motion sets up a
meritorious defense if it alleges facts that in law would, if credited by a fact finder, constitute a
defense to the plaintiff’s cause of action and is supported by affidavits or other evidence providing
prima facie proof that the defendant has such a defense. Id.
In its motion for new trial, Intras alleged that it did not breach any contract with Core 3
because Intras was not responsible for paying for goods or services that were defective, did not
have the qualities and characteristics that were essential to the order of those goods or services,
and provided no value to Intras or Intras’s customer. In the supporting declaration1 attached to the
motion, Mr. Merritt described that in placing an order with Core 3, Intras relied on Core 3’s
representation that Core 3 was a distributor of new Cisco hardware to be delivered to one of Intras’s
client hotels. The declaration also stated that Intras had informed Core 3 that it was “essential”
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REVERSE and REMAND; and Opinion Filed July 12, 2018.
In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-17-00832-CV
INTRAS, LLC, Appellant V. CORE 3 TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, Appellee
On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 416-00516-2017
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang-Miers, Evans, and Schenck Opinion by Justice Schenck Intras, LLC (“Intras”) appeals from the trial court’s grant of a default judgment in favor of
Core 3 Technologies, LLC (“Core 3”). In its first four issues, Intras challenges the sufficiency of
Core 3’s pleadings and the evidence of damages. In its fifth issue, Intras urges the trial court erred
in awarding Core 3 its attorney’s fees. In its sixth and final issue, Intras argues the trial court erred
in failing to grant its motion for new trial. We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the
cause to the trial court for proceedings in accordance with this opinion. Because all issues are
settled in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
BACKGROUND
In 2014, Intras agreed to purchase equipment from Core 3. On February 2, 2017, Core 3
filed suit against Intras, asserting claims for breach of contract and quantum meruit. In its petition,
Core 3 alleged that it provided services and equipment to Intras, for which Intras failed to pay. Core 3 sought a default judgment against Intras, which the trial court granted. Intras filed a motion
for new trial, in which it urged that its failure to answer was not intentional, but accidental because
it relied on statements from Core 3’s representative that Core 3 would provide reasonable notice
to Intras before proceeding with any actions in the lawsuit. Attached to the motion for new trial
was a declaration from Intras’s representative, which detailed those statements from Core 3’s
representative and stated that Core 3 failed to provide any notice to anyone at Intras that Core 3
would proceed with the lawsuit or file any motion for default judgment. After conducting a hearing
on the motion for new trial, the trial court denied the motion. This appeal followed.
MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL
In its sixth issue on appeal, Intras argues the trial court erred in denying its motion for new
trial because Intras satisfied all three elements of the Craddock test. A default judgment should
be set aside if the defendant proves: (1) the failure to appear was not intentional or the result of
conscious indifference, but was the result of an accident or mistake, (2) the motion for new trial
sets up a meritorious defense, and (3) a new trial would cause neither delay nor undue prejudice.
Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939). The defaulting defendant
has the burden of proving all three elements of the Craddock test before a trial court is required to
grant a motion for new trial. Utz v. McKenzie, 397 S.W.3d 273, 278 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no
pet.). We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion for new trial for an abuse of discretion, which
occurs when the motion is denied despite all three elements being met. Dolgencorp of Texas, Inc.
v. Lerma, 288 S.W.3d 922, 926 (Tex. 2009).
To satisfy the first Craddock element, a defendant must establish the failure to appear was
not the result of conscious indifference. McLeod v. Gyr, 439 S.W.3d 639, 655 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2014). A failure to appear is not intentional or due to conscious indifference within the meaning
of the rule merely because it is deliberate; it must also be without adequate justification. Id. Proof
–2– of such justification—accident, mistake, or other reasonable explanation—negates the intent or
conscious indifference for which reinstatement can be denied. Id. Conscious indifference equates
to something more than mere negligence. See id. A defendant must offer some excuse, which
need not necessarily be a good excuse. Fid. & Guar. Ins. Co. v. Drewery Const. Co., Inc., 186
S.W.3d 571, 576 (Tex. 2006).
Here, Intras provided an uncontroverted explanation for its failure to answer in its motion
for new trial and attached supporting declaration. In the supporting declaration, Intras’s
representative, Kareem Merritt, testified that after learning of the instant lawsuit, he contacted the
representative at Core 3, Christopher Bergen, to try to resolve the matter.
During those discussions, Christopher Bergen represented to me that Core 3 would continue to work only on trying to resolve our dispute until it appeared that further negotiations were no longer productive, and at that point would give Intras reasonable notice before proceeding with any actions in the lawsuit.
Core 3 did not provide any notice to me or anyone else at Intras that Core 3 intended to proceed with the lawsuit or file any motion for default judgment.
The declaration here shows neither intent nor conscious indifference. At worst, it evinces
mere negligence; there is nothing to indicate that Intras intentionally chose not to answer the suit.
See Hampton-Vaughan Funeral Home v. Briscoe, 327 S.W.3d 743, 748 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2010, no pet.) (holding defendant’s failure to answer akin to mere negligence where defendant’s
attorney claimed he did not answer suit because he thought parties were going to meet and discuss
settlement). Core 3 did not respond to the motion for new trial or appear at the hearing on the
motion for new trial. Therefore, Intras’s evidence is uncontroverted. See Fid. & Guar. Ins., 186
S.W.3d at 576 (where plaintiff did not controvert defendant’s proof, trial court not at liberty to
disregard it). We conclude Intras satisfied the first element of the Craddock test.
The second element of the Craddock test requires Intras to set up a meritorious defense in
its motion for new trial. Craddock, 133 S.W.2d at 126. A movant must do more than merely
–3– assert it has a meritorious defense; however, it need not prove the defense in order to meet the
second Craddock element. Dolgencorp, 288 S.W.3d at 928. Instead, the motion sets up a
meritorious defense if it alleges facts that in law would, if credited by a fact finder, constitute a
defense to the plaintiff’s cause of action and is supported by affidavits or other evidence providing
prima facie proof that the defendant has such a defense. Id.
In its motion for new trial, Intras alleged that it did not breach any contract with Core 3
because Intras was not responsible for paying for goods or services that were defective, did not
have the qualities and characteristics that were essential to the order of those goods or services,
and provided no value to Intras or Intras’s customer. In the supporting declaration1 attached to the
motion, Mr. Merritt described that in placing an order with Core 3, Intras relied on Core 3’s
representation that Core 3 was a distributor of new Cisco hardware to be delivered to one of Intras’s
client hotels. The declaration also stated that Intras had informed Core 3 that it was “essential”
that the hardware be manufactured in the United States, that only hardware manufactured in the
United States had any value to Intras, and that Core 3 represented that it would provide hardware
that was manufactured in the United States. Mr. Merritt’s declaration went on to describe how
Core 3 provided hardware manufactured in China, which caused Intras to have to pay to replace
the hardware provided by Core 3 and caused the client hotel to “no longer do business with Intras
due to the negative experience involving the foreign-manufactured Cisco [adaptive security
appliances] provided by Core 3.”
Intras’s motion for new trial and supporting evidence set up a defense that Core 3 materially
breached their agreement such that Intras was excused from payment. It is a fundamental principle
1 TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 132.001 (providing unsworn declaration may be used in lieu of a written sworn, declaration or affidavit required by statute or required by a rule, order or requirement adopted as provided by law). Mr. Merritt’s declaration was in writing and subscribed as true and correct under penalty of perjury and therefore substantially complied with section 132.001. See Beonney v. U.S. Bank Nat’l Assoc., No. 05-15-01057-CV, 2016 WL 3902607, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 14, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding main requirements under section 132.001 are that declaration be in writing and subscribed by declarant as true under penalty of perjury).
–4– of contract law that when one party to a contract commits a material breach of that contract, the
other party is discharged or excused from further performance. Bartush-Schnitzius Foods Co. v.
Cimco Refrigeration, Inc., 518 S.W.3d 432, 436 (Tex. 2017). Further, the contention that a party
to a contract is excused from performance because of a prior material breach by the other
contracting party is an affirmative defense. See Blackstone Med., Inc. v. Phoenix Surgicals, L.L.C.,
470 S.W.3d 636, 646 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, no pet.). Accordingly, we conclude Intras satisfied
the second element of the Craddock test.
The purpose of the third element of the Craddock test is to protect a plaintiff against undue
delay or injury that would result in a disadvantage when presenting the merits of its case at a new
trial, such as the loss of a witness or other critical evidence. See Dolgencorp, 288 S.W.3d at 929.
Once a defendant has alleged that granting a new trial will not injure the plaintiff, the burden of
proof of cognizable injury shifts to the plaintiff. See id. In its motion for new trial, Intras asserted
that granting a new trial would not cause delay or otherwise injure Core 3 because Intras was ready
for trial and willing to reimburse Core 3 for all reasonable expenses incurred in obtaining the
default judgment. The burden to disprove this assertion was thereby shifted to Core 3. See
Dolgencorp, 288 S.W.3d at 929. As noted, Core 3 did not respond to Intras’s motion for new trial,
nor did Core 3 appear at the hearing on the motion for new trial or otherwise prove, much less
allege, any actual and material prejudice that would result from setting aside the default. We
conclude Core 3 did not prove that the granting of a new trial would cause any harm or injury as
to preclude the granting of a new trial. See id. Thus, Intras satisfied its burden with respect to the
third element of the Craddock test.
Because Intras’s motion for new trial satisfied all three elements of the Craddock test,
Intras is entitled to a new trial. We sustain Intras’s sixth issue. In light of our conclusion regarding
this issue, we need not address Intras’s remaining issues. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.
–5– CONCLUSION
We reverse the default judgment for Core 3 and remand the case to the trial court for further
proceedings.
/David J. Schenck/ DAVID J. SCHENCK JUSTICE
170832F.P05
–6– Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
INTRAS, LLC, Appellant On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court, Collin County, Texas No. 05-17-00832-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. 416-00516-2017. Opinion delivered by Justice Schenck, CORE 3 TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, Justices Lang-Miers and Evans Appellee participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is REVERSED and this cause is REMANDED to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is ORDERED that appellant INTRAS, LLC recover its costs of this appeal from appellee CORE 3 TECHNOLOGIES, LLC.
Judgment entered this 12th day of July, 2018.
–7–