Innocent v. Central Truck Lines, Inc.

680 F. Supp. 1523, 1988 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1522, 1988 WL 17104
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Florida
DecidedJanuary 26, 1988
DocketNo. 87-2141-Civ
StatusPublished

This text of 680 F. Supp. 1523 (Innocent v. Central Truck Lines, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Innocent v. Central Truck Lines, Inc., 680 F. Supp. 1523, 1988 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1522, 1988 WL 17104 (S.D. Fla. 1988).

Opinion

ORDER DENYING MOTION TO STRIKE

JAMES LAWRENCE KING, Chief Judge.

The resolution of the motion currently before the court requires the first interpretation of an extremely important provision [1524]*1524of the Florida Wrongful Death Act, Fla. Stat.Ann. §§ 768.16-768.27 (West 1986). In this wrongful death action, the plaintiff asserts a claim for the loss of prospective net accumulations to decedent’s estate pursuant to Fla.Stat.Ann. § 768.21(6)(a)2. The defendant moves to strike this claim because the plaintiff fails to meet the express requirements of § 768.21(6)(a)2. After reviewing the record, the court denies the motion.

This diversity case is a Florida action for the wrongful death of Noel Innocent. Innocent was crushed to death when a heavy plastic sheet manufactured by one of the defendants fell on him. He was unloading these sheets from another defendant’s truck when the accident happened.

Innocent is survived by his mother and siblings, whom Innocent supported. Two of his sisters, Anience and La Mercie, bring this action personally and on behalf of Innocent’s other siblings and mother pursuant to Fla.Stat.Ann. § 768.19 (West 1986). They seek to recover both for the loss of support, see Fla.Stat.Ann. § 768.21(1), and for the loss of prospective net accumulations to Innocent’s estate, see Fla.Stat.Ann. § 768.21(6)(a)2.

The defendant now moves to dismiss the net accumulations claim, arguing that the requirements of § 768.21(6)(a)2 have not been met. Upon an examination of the legislative history behind this section, the court agrees with the defendant, but refuses to dismiss the claim under the alternative pleading rule.

Section 768.21 is the damages section of the Florida Wrongful Death Act. Section 768.21(6)(a)2 provides in pertinent part:

(6) The decedent’s personal representative may recover for the decedent’s estate the following:

(a) Loss of the prospective net accumulations of an estate, which might reasonably have been expected but for the wrongful death, reduced to present money value, may ... be recovered:
* * * * * *
2. if the decedent is not a minor child, there are no lost support and services recoverable ..., and there is a surviving parent.

Id.

Both parties have greatly assisted the court in its interpretation of this section. The defendant maintains that a net accumulations claim can be brought only when a loss of support claim is not asserted. For this argument, the defendant relies upon the plain language of the statute. The plaintiffs counter by arguing that the legislature intended both claims to be maintained, and even if it did not, precluding the maintenance of both claims would violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, U.S. Const, amend. XIY, § 1. In construing § 768.21(6)(a)2, the court will address each of these concerns.

The court first notes that the language of § 768.21(6)(a)2 precludes a party from recovering both for a loss of support and for a loss of net accumulations. The section allows recovery of prospective net accumulations if the decedent is not a minor child, there is a surviving parent, and “there are no lost support and services recoverable” under § 768.21(1). Fla.Stat. Ann. § 768.21(6)(a)2.

A statute’s language, however, is not always conclusive. Because the court sits in diversity, it must follow the Florida law on statutory construction. In Florida, “legislative intent must be given effect even though it may contradict the strict letter of the statute.” Vildibill v. Johnson, 492 So.2d 1047, 1049 (Fla.1986) (citing State v. Webb, 398 So.2d 820 (Fla.1980)). To find the legislative purpose in enacting § 768.21(6)(a)2, an examination of the facts and circumstances surrounding the section’s passage is necessary.

Section 768.21(6)(a)2 was enacted to fill a gap in the wrongful death statute. Prior to its enactment, the Act did not allow the sole surviving, dependent parents of an adult decedent to recover. See Vildibill v. Johnson, 492 So.2d 1047, 1049 (Fla.1986). This troublesome gap was brought to the legislature’s attention in dramatic fashion. The Senate Commerce Committee heard the testimony of the mother of a twenty-[1525]*1525five-year-old, single decedent, who was killed through the negligence of another. Because the decedent was survived only by his mother, she was without a remedy under the wrongful death act as it existed at that time. Id.

The Florida Congress gradually corrected the problem. In 1981, the legislature amended the § 768.21(6)(a) to allow an estate to recover the loss of prospective net accumulations if the decedent had no surviving relatives. Vildibill, 492 So.2d at 1049. In 1985, the legislature specifically allowed an estate of an adult decedent who is survived only by non-dependent parents to recover prospective net accumulations by amending § 768.21(6)(a)2. Id. at 1050.

The Florida legislature, therefore, enacted § 768.21(6)(a)2 to provide a remedy where none existed before. The legislature was careful to construct the remedy so that only this intention was carried out. According to the section’s language, recovery under § 768.21(6)(a)2 is unavailable if the decedent is a minor child, or if no surviving parent remains, or if the claimant can recover for loss of support and services. After enacting this subsection, the legislature believed that every possible survivor had at least one remedy for a wrongful death.

The legislature also believed that after this enactment, the policy behind the Wrongful Death Act was thoroughly promoted. In § 768.17, the legislature expressly stated that the Act was designed to shift the loss caused by a wrongful death from the survivors to the wrongdoer. Fla. Stat.Ann. § 768.17 (West 1986). Without a survivor having a remedy, a wrongdoer would have avoided responsibility for his actions, and, thus, this policy would be subverted.

The situation presented in this case differs from the circumstances that gave rise to the enactment of § 768.21(6)(a)2. These plaintiffs have at least one remedy: the loss of support claim. They argue that they should recover for the loss of net accumulations as well because the recovery for the loss of services may be inadequate. Because the Florida legislature specifically intended a recovery for loss of support to preclude a recovery for loss of net accumulations, the plaintiffs’ argument fails. Plaintiffs are entitled to recover for loss of net accumulations only if they do not recover for loss of support.

Plaintiffs equal protection challenge does not alter this finding.

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Related

Frontiero v. Richardson
411 U.S. 677 (Supreme Court, 1973)
Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
426 U.S. 794 (Supreme Court, 1976)
Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory
431 U.S. 471 (Supreme Court, 1977)
Vildibill v. Johnson
492 So. 2d 1047 (Supreme Court of Florida, 1986)
State v. Webb
398 So. 2d 820 (Supreme Court of Florida, 1981)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
680 F. Supp. 1523, 1988 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1522, 1988 WL 17104, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/innocent-v-central-truck-lines-inc-flsd-1988.