NO. 07-12-0115-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL C
SEPTEMBER 11, 2012
______________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF J.R. AND H.R., CHILDREN
_________________________________
FROM THE 223RD DISTRICT COURT OF GRAY COUNTY;
NO. 36,488; HONORABLE JACK M. GRAHAM, JUDGE
_______________________________
Before QUINN, C.J., and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellants, Lydia and Chris, appeal from the trial court's order terminating their
parental rights to their children, J.R. and H.R. 1 In presenting this appeal, appointed
counsel for both parents have filed Anders2 briefs in support of their respective motions
to withdraw. We grant those motions and affirm.
1 To protect the children's privacy, we will refer to Appellants by their first names and the children by their initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (W EST 2008). See also TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b).
2 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). Courts of this State, including this Court, have found the procedures set forth in
Anders v. California applicable to appeals of orders terminating parental rights. See In
re A.W.T., 61 S.W.3d 87, 88 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2001, no pet.). See also In re D.E.S.,
135 S.W.3d 326, 329 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.); Taylor v. Texas
Dep’t of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 160 S.W.3d 641, 646-67 (Tex.App.--Austin
2005, pet. denied). In support of their respective motions to withdraw, counsel certify
they have conducted a conscientious examination of the record and, in their opinion, the
record reflects no potentially plausible basis to support an appeal. Both counsel certify
they have diligently researched the law applicable to the facts and issues and candidly
discuss why, in their professional opinion, the appeal is frivolous. In re D.A.S., 973
S.W.2d 296, 297 (Tex. 1998). Counsel have demonstrated they have complied with the
requirements of Anders by (1) providing a copy of their respective brief to Appellants
and (2) notifying them of their right to file a pro se response if they desired to do so. Id.
By letter, this Court granted Appellants an opportunity to exercise their right to file a
response to their counsel’s brief, should they be so inclined. Neither Appellant filed a
response. Furthermore, the Department of Family and Protective Services did not favor
us with a brief.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Lydia and Chris are married and their two children are the subject of the
underlying suit. J.R. is a female born on June 6, 2007, and H.R. is a male born on June
17, 2009. At some point in time, J.R. made an outcry to her grandmother. She was
taken to the Bridge to be interviewed and she was examined by a sexual assault nurse. 2 J.R.’s complaint was that her daddy put a stick in her butt and would play with her “nuts”
(referring to her female sexual organ). Results of the exam showed trauma to her anal
area, specifically dilation, although her vaginal area showed nothing out of the ordinary.
According to the sexual assault nurse examiner, the anal dilation was consistent with
chronic and repeated penetration of the anus over a period of time. The children were
removed from the home by the Department and placed with their paternal grandmother
and her husband.
Following removal of the children, the Department devised a family service plan
for Lydia and Chris to follow. The plan included, among other requirements, counseling,
parenting classes, psychological evaluations and a sexual predator class for Lydia.
Both parents completed the parenting classes and Lydia completed the sexual predator
class. Neither parent made arrangements for the required psychological evaluations.
Although their psychotherapist testified that neither parent completed the required six
counseling sessions with him, Lydia disputed that fact at the final hearing.
At the final hearing Chris acknowledged having four separate indictments
pending against him for offenses of a sexual nature. Two of those indictments involved
J.R. and the other two involved another female he allegedly abused from the time she
was in kindergarten through the sixth grade. Chris blamed his failure to complete his
psychological evaluation on the Department. Throughout most of his testimony, on the
advice of his counsel, Chris pleaded the Fifth Amendment to many questions, including
questions regarding domestic violence directed towards Lydia.
3 Numerous witnesses, including Chris’s brother and sister testified to incidents of
domestic violence by Chris against Lydia. An ex-girlfriend of Chris’s described how he
physically abused her by choking her and throwing her against a wall. Testimony was
also presented that both children were filthy, that they were left in full dirty diapers, that
they sometimes slept in a wet bed causing the room to smell of urine, and that the home
was dirty and at times had no running water or gas.
The psychotherapist treating both parents testified that initially, Lydia believed
Chris had abused J.R. and she moved in with her mother-in-law. She then doubted the
accusations against Chris and returned to live with him. The psychotherapist further
testified that Chris avoided questions and Lydia minimized the domestic violence issue.
When he asked Chris about blood found on J.R.’s sheets, he explained it was from a
nose bleed. During their sessions, questions related to the sexual allegations against
J.R. went unanswered on the advice of Chris’s counsel.
A psychologist licensed to treat sex offenders and their victims interviewed J.R.
several months after her removal from the home. She testified that J.R. would shut
down when discussing her parents and her drawings were disturbing. She drew phallic
symbols to the best of her ability and used the word “penis” in their sessions which was
unusual for a child her age. The psychologist opined that J.R.’s drawings were
indicative of sexual abuse.
Testimony was presented from a former neighbor of Chris’s that when she was
fourteen years old, he propositioned her for sex in exchange for cigarettes and forty
4 dollars. She reported the incident to her family who called the police. Although she
gave a statement to law enforcement, no charges were ever filed.
The Department’s case-in-chief focused on Lydia and Chris’s failure to provide a
safe and stable home for their children. The Department’s witnesses testified to alleged
acts of sexual abuse by Chris against J.R. and another young female and the filthy
condition of the children and the home. Witnesses also testified to Lydia’s allegiance to
Chris over the safety of her children. The expert witnesses all concluded that they were
not comfortable recommending a return of the children to the parents and believed that
termination was in the best interest of both children. The Department’s rebuttal
witnesses offered testimony of Chris’s violent temper and Lydia’s complacent attitude
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NO. 07-12-0115-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL C
SEPTEMBER 11, 2012
______________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF J.R. AND H.R., CHILDREN
_________________________________
FROM THE 223RD DISTRICT COURT OF GRAY COUNTY;
NO. 36,488; HONORABLE JACK M. GRAHAM, JUDGE
_______________________________
Before QUINN, C.J., and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellants, Lydia and Chris, appeal from the trial court's order terminating their
parental rights to their children, J.R. and H.R. 1 In presenting this appeal, appointed
counsel for both parents have filed Anders2 briefs in support of their respective motions
to withdraw. We grant those motions and affirm.
1 To protect the children's privacy, we will refer to Appellants by their first names and the children by their initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (W EST 2008). See also TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b).
2 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). Courts of this State, including this Court, have found the procedures set forth in
Anders v. California applicable to appeals of orders terminating parental rights. See In
re A.W.T., 61 S.W.3d 87, 88 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2001, no pet.). See also In re D.E.S.,
135 S.W.3d 326, 329 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.); Taylor v. Texas
Dep’t of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 160 S.W.3d 641, 646-67 (Tex.App.--Austin
2005, pet. denied). In support of their respective motions to withdraw, counsel certify
they have conducted a conscientious examination of the record and, in their opinion, the
record reflects no potentially plausible basis to support an appeal. Both counsel certify
they have diligently researched the law applicable to the facts and issues and candidly
discuss why, in their professional opinion, the appeal is frivolous. In re D.A.S., 973
S.W.2d 296, 297 (Tex. 1998). Counsel have demonstrated they have complied with the
requirements of Anders by (1) providing a copy of their respective brief to Appellants
and (2) notifying them of their right to file a pro se response if they desired to do so. Id.
By letter, this Court granted Appellants an opportunity to exercise their right to file a
response to their counsel’s brief, should they be so inclined. Neither Appellant filed a
response. Furthermore, the Department of Family and Protective Services did not favor
us with a brief.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Lydia and Chris are married and their two children are the subject of the
underlying suit. J.R. is a female born on June 6, 2007, and H.R. is a male born on June
17, 2009. At some point in time, J.R. made an outcry to her grandmother. She was
taken to the Bridge to be interviewed and she was examined by a sexual assault nurse. 2 J.R.’s complaint was that her daddy put a stick in her butt and would play with her “nuts”
(referring to her female sexual organ). Results of the exam showed trauma to her anal
area, specifically dilation, although her vaginal area showed nothing out of the ordinary.
According to the sexual assault nurse examiner, the anal dilation was consistent with
chronic and repeated penetration of the anus over a period of time. The children were
removed from the home by the Department and placed with their paternal grandmother
and her husband.
Following removal of the children, the Department devised a family service plan
for Lydia and Chris to follow. The plan included, among other requirements, counseling,
parenting classes, psychological evaluations and a sexual predator class for Lydia.
Both parents completed the parenting classes and Lydia completed the sexual predator
class. Neither parent made arrangements for the required psychological evaluations.
Although their psychotherapist testified that neither parent completed the required six
counseling sessions with him, Lydia disputed that fact at the final hearing.
At the final hearing Chris acknowledged having four separate indictments
pending against him for offenses of a sexual nature. Two of those indictments involved
J.R. and the other two involved another female he allegedly abused from the time she
was in kindergarten through the sixth grade. Chris blamed his failure to complete his
psychological evaluation on the Department. Throughout most of his testimony, on the
advice of his counsel, Chris pleaded the Fifth Amendment to many questions, including
questions regarding domestic violence directed towards Lydia.
3 Numerous witnesses, including Chris’s brother and sister testified to incidents of
domestic violence by Chris against Lydia. An ex-girlfriend of Chris’s described how he
physically abused her by choking her and throwing her against a wall. Testimony was
also presented that both children were filthy, that they were left in full dirty diapers, that
they sometimes slept in a wet bed causing the room to smell of urine, and that the home
was dirty and at times had no running water or gas.
The psychotherapist treating both parents testified that initially, Lydia believed
Chris had abused J.R. and she moved in with her mother-in-law. She then doubted the
accusations against Chris and returned to live with him. The psychotherapist further
testified that Chris avoided questions and Lydia minimized the domestic violence issue.
When he asked Chris about blood found on J.R.’s sheets, he explained it was from a
nose bleed. During their sessions, questions related to the sexual allegations against
J.R. went unanswered on the advice of Chris’s counsel.
A psychologist licensed to treat sex offenders and their victims interviewed J.R.
several months after her removal from the home. She testified that J.R. would shut
down when discussing her parents and her drawings were disturbing. She drew phallic
symbols to the best of her ability and used the word “penis” in their sessions which was
unusual for a child her age. The psychologist opined that J.R.’s drawings were
indicative of sexual abuse.
Testimony was presented from a former neighbor of Chris’s that when she was
fourteen years old, he propositioned her for sex in exchange for cigarettes and forty
4 dollars. She reported the incident to her family who called the police. Although she
gave a statement to law enforcement, no charges were ever filed.
The Department’s case-in-chief focused on Lydia and Chris’s failure to provide a
safe and stable home for their children. The Department’s witnesses testified to alleged
acts of sexual abuse by Chris against J.R. and another young female and the filthy
condition of the children and the home. Witnesses also testified to Lydia’s allegiance to
Chris over the safety of her children. The expert witnesses all concluded that they were
not comfortable recommending a return of the children to the parents and believed that
termination was in the best interest of both children. The Department’s rebuttal
witnesses offered testimony of Chris’s violent temper and Lydia’s complacent attitude
toward the results of the sexual assault exam.
Lydia testified that she has a good marriage and loves being a mother. She also
described Chris as being a good father. In fact, she testified that the Department’s
witnesses had all lied about Chris’s violent temper and the condition of her children and
home. Regarding J.R.’s anal trauma, she explained that severe constipation and use of
suppositories was the cause of the dilation. The sexual assault nurse examiner
disputed this explanation.
An employee from a victim’s services agency testified that on April 5, 2011, Lydia
was brought in by her mother-in-law with bruises and claims of being beaten and
strangled by Chris. Her mother-in-law testified that when she found her there was
broken furniture strewn about the home. At the final hearing, Lydia claimed that her
5 injuries were sustained in a fight with one of Chris’s ex-girlfriends and denied any
violence towards her by Chris.
Regarding the best interests of the children, there was testimony that while this
case was pending the children’s grandmother and her husband cared for the children
and tended to their needs. They also wanted to adopt them. Over a seven to eight
month period after the children were removed from their parents, J.R.’s nightmares
decreased, she no longer suffered from constipation, and she stopped acting out. H.R.
was also described as being more energetic.
After presentation of the evidence, the trial court took the case under advisement
and on March 28, 2012, signed a final order terminating Appellants' parental rights
based on clear and convincing evidence that they had:
knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in conditions or surroundings which endangered their physical or emotional well-being;
engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in conduct which endangered their physical or emotional well- being; and
failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the parents to obtain the return of the children who had been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department for not less than nine months as a result of the children's removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse and neglect of the children.
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1) (D), (E) and (O) and (2) (W EST SUPP. 2012).
The court then appointed the Department as the children’s permanent managing
conservator with all rights and duties specified in section 153.371 of the Texas Family
6 Code. Following the final hearing, the Department continued placement of the children
in the home of the paternal grandmother and her husband. The trial court filed Findings
of Fact and Conclusions of Law in support of its order.
By their separate Anders briefs, both counsel maintain the evidence is sufficient
to support the trial court's termination order and do not raise any arguable issues. See
Currie v. State, 516 S.W.2d 684 (Tex.Crim.App. 1974). Upon examination of the
record, we agree with their evaluations.
STANDARD OF REVIEW IN TERMINATION CASES
The natural right existing between parents and their children is of constitutional
dimension. See Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 758-59, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d
599 (1982). See also Holick v. Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985). Consequently,
termination proceedings are strictly scrutinized. In Interest of G.M., 596 S.W.2d 846
(Tex. 1980). Parental rights, however, are not absolute, and it is essential that the
emotional and physical interests of a child not be sacrificed merely to preserve those
rights. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 26 (Tex. 2002).
Due process requires application of the clear and convincing standard of proof in
cases involving involuntary termination of parental rights. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256,
263 (Tex. 2002). Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof
which will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth
of the allegations sought to be established. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 101.007 (W EST
2008). See also In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 25-26. 7 The Family Code permits a court to order termination of parental rights if the
petitioner establishes one or more acts or omissions enumerated under subsection (1)
of the statute and also proves that termination of the parent-child relationship is in the
best interest of the child. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (W EST SUPP. 2012);
Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 370 (Tex. 1976).
Only one predicate finding under section 161.001(1) is necessary to support an
order of termination when there is also a finding that termination is in a child's best
interest. See In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003); In re T.N., 180 S.W.3d 376,
384 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2005, no pet.). Therefore, we will affirm the termination order if
the evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to support any statutory ground upon
which the trial court relied in terminating parental rights as well as the best interest
finding. In re S.F., 32 S.W.3d 318, 320 (Tex.App.--San Antonio, no pet.).
§ 161.001(1) GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION
§ 161.001(1)(D)
Under section 161.001(1)(D), parental rights may be terminated when clear and
convincing evidence shows that a parent knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the
child to remain in conditions or surroundings that endanger the physical or emotional
well-being of the child. Subsection (D) requires a showing that the environment in
which the child is placed endangered the child’s physical or emotional health. Doyle v.
Texas Dept of Pro. and Reg. Serv., 16 S.W.3d 390, 395 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2000, pet.
denied). Additionally, subsection (D) permits termination based on a single act or 8 omission by the parent. In re L.C., 145 S.W.3d 790, 796 (Tex.App.--Texarkana 2004,
no pet.).
§ 161.001(1)(E)
Parental rights may be terminated under section 161.001(1)(E) if there is clear
and convincing evidence that a parent engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child
with persons who engaged in conduct which endangered the physical or emotional well-
being of the child. The cause of the danger to the child must be the parent's conduct
alone, as evidenced not only by the parent's actions but also by the parent's omission or
failure to act. Doyle, 16 S.W.3d at 395. Additionally, subsection (E) requires more than
a single act or omission; a voluntary, deliberate, and conscious course of conduct by the
parent is required. In re D.T., 34 S.W.3d 625, 634 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 2000, pet.
denied).
§ 161.001(1)(O)
Parental rights may be terminated under section 161.001(1)(O) if the Department
establishes that the children were removed because of abuse or neglect; the
Department has been the permanent or temporary managing conservator for at least
nine months; a court order specifically established the actions necessary for the parents
to obtain the return of their children; and the parents failed to comply with that order.
See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 278-79. Additionally, termination under subsection (O)
does not allow for consideration of excuses for noncompliance nor does it consider
9 "substantial compliance" to be the same as completion. See In re M.C.G., 329 S.W.3d
674, 675-76 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, pet. denied).
§ 161.001(2) BEST INTEREST
Notwithstanding the sufficiency of the evidence to support termination under
section 161.001(1), we must also find by clear and convincing evidence that termination
of the parent-child relationship was in the best interest of J.R. and H.R. See §
161.001(2). Evidence that proves one or more statutory grounds for termination may
also constitute evidence illustrating that termination is in the child's best interest. See In
re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 28. A non-exhaustive list of factors to consider in deciding best
interest is found at section 263.307(b) of the Family Code. See also Holley, 544 S.W.2d
at 371-72.
ANALYSIS
As in a criminal case, we have independently examined the entire record to
determine whether there are any non-frivolous issues which might support the appeal.
See Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 109 S.Ct. 346, 102 L.Ed.2d 300 (1988); Stafford v.
State, 813 S.W.2d 503, 511 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991). Based upon the record in this case,
we find the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s findings,
both as to the grounds for termination and best interests of the children. Furthermore,
we find there are no other potentially plausible issues which would support an appeal.
See Gainous v. State, 436 S.W.2d 137 (Tex.Crim.App. 1969). After reviewing the
10 record and both Anders briefs, we agree with counsel that there are no plausible
grounds for appeal.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, counsels' motions to withdraw are granted and the trial court’s order
terminating the parental rights of Lydia and Chris to their children J.R. and H.R. is
affirmed.
Patrick A. Pirtle Justice