In The Court of Appeals Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo ________________________
No. 07-15-00197-CV ________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF A.B., A CHILD
On Appeal from the 99th District Court Lubbock County, Texas Trial Court No. 2014-511,052; Honorable Kara Darnell, Presiding
October 21, 2015
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
Appellant, M.B.,1 appeals the trial court‟s order terminating her parental rights to
her child, A.B.2 In presenting this appeal, Appellant‟s court-appointed counsel has filed
an Anders brief in support3 of her motion to withdraw concluding there are no non-
1 To protect the parent‟s and child‟s privacy, we refer to Appellant and other parties by their initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (West 2014). See also TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b). 2 Four persons failed DNA tests administered to determine fatherhood. The rights of A.B.‟s unknown father were also terminated in the proceedings. No appeal was filed. 3 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396, 18 L. Ed. 2d 493 (1967). frivolous issues that could be presented on appeal and that any appeal would be
without merit. We affirm and grant counsel‟s motion to withdraw.
APPLICABLE LAW
The Texas Family Code permits a court to terminate the relationship between a
parent and a child if the Department establishes (1) one or more acts or omissions
enumerated under section 161.001(b)(1) of the Texas Family Code and (2) that the
termination of that relationship is in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§§ 161.001(b)(1), (2).4 The burden of proof is by clear and convincing evidence. §
161.206(a) (West 2014). “„Clear and convincing evidence‟ means the measure or
degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction
as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established.” § 101.007 (West 2014).
Only one statutory ground is needed to support termination. In re K.C.B., 280
S.W.3d 888, 894-95 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2009, pet. denied). Although evidence
presented may be relevant to both the statutory grounds for termination and best
interest, each element must be established separately and proof of one element does
not relieve the burden of proving the other. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 28 (Tex.
2002). In the appellate review of a termination proceeding, the standard of review for
sufficiency of the evidence is that discussed in In re K.M.L., 443 S.W.3d 101, 112-13
(Tex. 2013). In reviewing a best interest finding, appellate courts consider, among other
evidence, the factors set forth in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976). 4 Effective April 2, 2015, former TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1) was recodified as § 161.001(b)(1) and § 161.001(2) was recodified as § 161.001(b)(2). See Act of March 30, 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., S.B. 219, ch. 1, § 1.078, 2015 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. ___ (West 2015). The recodification did not change the substantive law. For purposes of clarity, we will refer to this section by its recodified number. Unless otherwise designated, all future references to “section” or “§” are references to the Texas Family Code.
2 BACKGROUND
In April 2014, the Department of Family and Protective Services filed its Original
Petition, seeking conservatorship of A.B. and termination of M.B.‟s parental rights. The
basis for removal was M.B.‟s neglectful supervision of A.B., including (1) her use of
methamphetamines while caring for A.B., (2) her inability to provide a stable residence,
(3) bringing unsuitable guests into contact with A.B., and (4) leaving A.B. with
inappropriate caregivers for days at a time.5 M.B. also refused to cooperate with the
Department‟s investigation and attempted to flee after the Department made contact
with her.
Thereafter, M.B. failed to comply with actions necessary for the return of her
child. That is, she (1) failed to obtain and maintain stable housing, (2) failed to obtain
and maintain stable employment, (3) tested positive for amphetamines and
methamphetamines numerous times during the proceedings (at least twice when she
was pregnant with another child), (4) failed to submit to multiple drug tests requested by
the Department, (5) repeatedly changed her residence without timely notifying the
Department, (6) failed to attend proceedings and hearings, (7) associated with a
boyfriend who had a criminal record for drug involvement, and (8) failed to complete
drug counseling.
After a bench trial was initiated in April and continued in May 2015, the trial court
found there was clear and convincing evidence that M.B. had knowingly placed or
5 A.B. was three years old at the time of removal. She has been in foster care since and has bonded with her foster parents who intervened in the termination proceedings. At the trial court‟s final permanency hearing prior to termination, A.B. was placed with her foster parents and M.B. was granted supervised visitation.
3 knowingly allowed A.B. to remain in conditions or surroundings that endangered her
physical and emotional well-being, § 161.001(b)(1)(D), engaged in conduct or knowingly
placed A.B. with persons who engaged in conduct which endangered her physical and
emotional well-being, § 161.001(b)(1)(E), and failed to comply with the provisions of a
court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the mother to obtain
the return of the child. § 161.001(b)(1)(O). The trial court also found termination was in
A.B.‟s best interest. § 161.001(b)(2).
ANDERS V. CALIFORNIA
Although the Texas Supreme Court has yet to consider the issue, for many years
Texas appellate courts, including this court, have considered the procedures set forth in
Anders v. California, to be applicable to appeals of orders terminating parental rights.
See In re A.W.T., 61 S.W.3d 87, 88 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2001, no pet.). The brief filed
in this appeal meets the requirements of Anders by presenting a professional evaluation
of the record and demonstrating why there are no arguable grounds for reversible error.
In support of her motion to withdraw, counsel certifies she has conducted a
conscientious analysis of the application of the law to the facts, and discusses why, in
her professional opinion, the appeal is frivolous. See In re D.A.S., 973 S.W.2d 296, 297
(Tex. 1998). Counsel has further demonstrated she has complied with the Anders
requirements by (1) providing a copy of the brief to M.B. and (2) notifying her of her right
to file a pro se response if she desired to do so. Id. By letter, this court also granted
her an opportunity to exercise her right to file a response to counsel‟s brief should she
be so inclined. She did not favor us with a response. Neither did the Department favor
us with a responsive brief.
4 ANALYSIS
As in a criminal case, we have independently examined the entire record to
determine whether there are any non-frivolous issues that might support this appeal.
See Penson v.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
In The Court of Appeals Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo ________________________
No. 07-15-00197-CV ________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF A.B., A CHILD
On Appeal from the 99th District Court Lubbock County, Texas Trial Court No. 2014-511,052; Honorable Kara Darnell, Presiding
October 21, 2015
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
Appellant, M.B.,1 appeals the trial court‟s order terminating her parental rights to
her child, A.B.2 In presenting this appeal, Appellant‟s court-appointed counsel has filed
an Anders brief in support3 of her motion to withdraw concluding there are no non-
1 To protect the parent‟s and child‟s privacy, we refer to Appellant and other parties by their initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (West 2014). See also TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b). 2 Four persons failed DNA tests administered to determine fatherhood. The rights of A.B.‟s unknown father were also terminated in the proceedings. No appeal was filed. 3 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396, 18 L. Ed. 2d 493 (1967). frivolous issues that could be presented on appeal and that any appeal would be
without merit. We affirm and grant counsel‟s motion to withdraw.
APPLICABLE LAW
The Texas Family Code permits a court to terminate the relationship between a
parent and a child if the Department establishes (1) one or more acts or omissions
enumerated under section 161.001(b)(1) of the Texas Family Code and (2) that the
termination of that relationship is in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§§ 161.001(b)(1), (2).4 The burden of proof is by clear and convincing evidence. §
161.206(a) (West 2014). “„Clear and convincing evidence‟ means the measure or
degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction
as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established.” § 101.007 (West 2014).
Only one statutory ground is needed to support termination. In re K.C.B., 280
S.W.3d 888, 894-95 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2009, pet. denied). Although evidence
presented may be relevant to both the statutory grounds for termination and best
interest, each element must be established separately and proof of one element does
not relieve the burden of proving the other. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 28 (Tex.
2002). In the appellate review of a termination proceeding, the standard of review for
sufficiency of the evidence is that discussed in In re K.M.L., 443 S.W.3d 101, 112-13
(Tex. 2013). In reviewing a best interest finding, appellate courts consider, among other
evidence, the factors set forth in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976). 4 Effective April 2, 2015, former TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1) was recodified as § 161.001(b)(1) and § 161.001(2) was recodified as § 161.001(b)(2). See Act of March 30, 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., S.B. 219, ch. 1, § 1.078, 2015 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. ___ (West 2015). The recodification did not change the substantive law. For purposes of clarity, we will refer to this section by its recodified number. Unless otherwise designated, all future references to “section” or “§” are references to the Texas Family Code.
2 BACKGROUND
In April 2014, the Department of Family and Protective Services filed its Original
Petition, seeking conservatorship of A.B. and termination of M.B.‟s parental rights. The
basis for removal was M.B.‟s neglectful supervision of A.B., including (1) her use of
methamphetamines while caring for A.B., (2) her inability to provide a stable residence,
(3) bringing unsuitable guests into contact with A.B., and (4) leaving A.B. with
inappropriate caregivers for days at a time.5 M.B. also refused to cooperate with the
Department‟s investigation and attempted to flee after the Department made contact
with her.
Thereafter, M.B. failed to comply with actions necessary for the return of her
child. That is, she (1) failed to obtain and maintain stable housing, (2) failed to obtain
and maintain stable employment, (3) tested positive for amphetamines and
methamphetamines numerous times during the proceedings (at least twice when she
was pregnant with another child), (4) failed to submit to multiple drug tests requested by
the Department, (5) repeatedly changed her residence without timely notifying the
Department, (6) failed to attend proceedings and hearings, (7) associated with a
boyfriend who had a criminal record for drug involvement, and (8) failed to complete
drug counseling.
After a bench trial was initiated in April and continued in May 2015, the trial court
found there was clear and convincing evidence that M.B. had knowingly placed or
5 A.B. was three years old at the time of removal. She has been in foster care since and has bonded with her foster parents who intervened in the termination proceedings. At the trial court‟s final permanency hearing prior to termination, A.B. was placed with her foster parents and M.B. was granted supervised visitation.
3 knowingly allowed A.B. to remain in conditions or surroundings that endangered her
physical and emotional well-being, § 161.001(b)(1)(D), engaged in conduct or knowingly
placed A.B. with persons who engaged in conduct which endangered her physical and
emotional well-being, § 161.001(b)(1)(E), and failed to comply with the provisions of a
court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the mother to obtain
the return of the child. § 161.001(b)(1)(O). The trial court also found termination was in
A.B.‟s best interest. § 161.001(b)(2).
ANDERS V. CALIFORNIA
Although the Texas Supreme Court has yet to consider the issue, for many years
Texas appellate courts, including this court, have considered the procedures set forth in
Anders v. California, to be applicable to appeals of orders terminating parental rights.
See In re A.W.T., 61 S.W.3d 87, 88 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2001, no pet.). The brief filed
in this appeal meets the requirements of Anders by presenting a professional evaluation
of the record and demonstrating why there are no arguable grounds for reversible error.
In support of her motion to withdraw, counsel certifies she has conducted a
conscientious analysis of the application of the law to the facts, and discusses why, in
her professional opinion, the appeal is frivolous. See In re D.A.S., 973 S.W.2d 296, 297
(Tex. 1998). Counsel has further demonstrated she has complied with the Anders
requirements by (1) providing a copy of the brief to M.B. and (2) notifying her of her right
to file a pro se response if she desired to do so. Id. By letter, this court also granted
her an opportunity to exercise her right to file a response to counsel‟s brief should she
be so inclined. She did not favor us with a response. Neither did the Department favor
us with a responsive brief.
4 ANALYSIS
As in a criminal case, we have independently examined the entire record to
determine whether there are any non-frivolous issues that might support this appeal.
See Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 82-83, 109 S. Ct. 346, 102 L. Ed. 2d 300 (1988);
Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d 503, 511 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). At the bench trial, the
evidence established M.B. failed to comply with many of the material provisions of the
court orders requiring compliance to avoid termination of her parental rights. In re
J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 277-79 (Tex. 2002). The record also conclusively establishes
A.B. was removed from M.B. under chapter 262 of the Family Code for neglect, and it is
undisputed that A.B. was in the Department‟s custody for more than nine months after
removal. In re E.C.R., 402 S.W.3d 239, 248-49 (Tex. 2013). The parental conduct
described in subsection 161.001(b)(1)(O) was established as a matter of law, and
termination was in A.B.‟s best interest. Id.
Based on the entire record, we conclude that a reasonable fact finder could have
formed a firm belief or conviction that at least one ground for termination existed in
compliance with section 161.001(b)(1) and that termination of M.B.‟s parental rights was
in the child‟s best interest in accordance with section 161.001(b)(2). We further
conclude that counsel reasonably determined there were no non-frivolous issues that
could be presented and that any appeal would be without merit. See In the Interest of
I.G., 383 S.W.3d 763, 768-69 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2012, no pet.).
5 CONCLUSION
After carefully reviewing the appellate record and counsel‟s brief, we conclude
there are no plausible grounds for appellate review. We therefore affirm the trial court‟s
order of termination and grant counsel‟s motion to withdraw.6 TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(a).
Patrick A. Pirtle Justice
6 Counsel shall, within five days after this opinion is handed down, mail Appellant a copy of the opinion and judgment along with notification of the right to file a pro se petition for review under Rule 53 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.