In re Trisha M.

150 Misc. 2d 290, 568 N.Y.S.2d 288, 1991 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 103
CourtNew York City Family Court
DecidedMarch 13, 1991
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 150 Misc. 2d 290 (In re Trisha M.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York City Family Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re Trisha M., 150 Misc. 2d 290, 568 N.Y.S.2d 288, 1991 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 103 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1991).

Opinion

[291]*291OPINION OF THE COURT

William P. Warren, J.

This is an application by the Law Guardian for the infant seeking an order that CPL 60.42 be deemed to apply to this proceeding and that a previously decided motion to strike interrogatories be reargued. Supporting the application is an affirmation of the Law Guardian dated January 31, 1991. The application is opposed by affirmation of the respondent’s counsel dated February 12, 1991, by supplemental affirmation dated February 13, 1991 and by affirmation of February 21, 1991 denoted a surreply. The attorney for the Department of Social Services has submitted an affirmation dated February 13, 1991 in support of the Law Guardian’s application. By affirmation of February 15, 1991 the Law Guardian has submitted a reply affirmation. The court has reviewed and considered all of the papers filed herein.

The underlying proceeding is brought pursuant to article 10 of the Family Court Act claiming that the respondent has sexually abused the infant who is now 15 years of age. It is alleged that the respondent is the stepfather of the infant and that commencing when she was age 4 or 5 and continuing up and until the present, he committed on a regular basis acts of sexual abuse against her. The respondent has entered a general denial to all of the allegations in the petition. On December 13, 1990, he moved this court for an order directing the child to be deposed. This application was opposed by the petitioner’s attorney and the Law Guardian for the child. In her opposing affirmation, the Law Guardian suggested that if the court believed some disclosure should be available to the respondent, then a deposition on written questions (as opposed to oral) would be preferable.

This court by its decision and order of January 3, 1991 denied the application for an oral deposition and granted discovery by written interrogatories. In that same decision, the court directed that the interrogatories be delivered to the Law Guardian by January 11, 1991 and that in the event the Law Guardian objected to any of the questions set forth, such objections should be made known to the court at the pretrial conference scheduled on January 16, 1991, at which time the court would rule on any objections. All counsel appeared before the court on January 16, 1991, at which time the court heard argument as to each objected-to interrogatory and directed which would have to be answered by the child and which the respondent would be precluded from asking.

[292]*292There are two branches to the instant motion. First, the Law Guardian seeks a determination that CPL 60.42 be applied during the trial of this action. It is argued by the Law Guardian that since CPL 60.42 affords to the victim of a sex abuse offense certain protections in a criminal proceeding, that same victim would be denied equal protection of the law if not given at least the identical protections in a civil, Family Court proceeding.

The respondent argues that CPL 60.42 applies to evidence offered at trial and since none has yet been offered, the issue of its applicability is not ripe for adjudication. Nonetheless, this court believes that since it has been advised that the infant victim will likely testify in this proceeding, it is important that all counsel understand what procedure the court will utilize in determining how this victim may be questioned regarding prior sexual contact or sexual knowledge. Therefore, this request for an advance determination as to trial procedure is appropriate and the court appreciates the opportunity to rule on this issue.

In determining this branch of the motion, the court has examined CPL 60.42. It provides as follows:

"Evidence of a victim’s sexual conduct shall not be admissible in a prosecution for an offense or an attempt to commit an offense defined in article one hundred thirty of the penal law unless such evidence:
"1. proves or tends to prove specific instances of the victim’s prior sexual conduct with the accused; or
"2. proves or tends to prove that the victim has been convicted of an offense under section 230.00 of the penal law within three years prior to the sex offense which is the subject of the prosecution; or
"3. rebuts evidence introduced by the people of the victim’s failure to engage in sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse or sexual contact during a given period of time; or
"4. rebuts evidence introduced by the people which proves or tends to prove that the accused is the cause of pregnancy or disease of the victim, or the source of semen found in the victim; or
"5. is determined by the court after an offer of proof by the accused outside the hearing of the jury, or such hearing as the court may require, and a statement by the court of its findings of fact essential to its determination, to be relevant and admissible in the interests of justice.”

[293]*293Joseph W. Bellacosa, in his Practice Commentary (McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 11 A, CPL 60.42, at 564), sets forth the purpose of this statute. "The basic twofold purpose of this enactment was to bar harassment of victims with respect to irrelevant issues and to keep from the jury confusing and prejudicial matters which have no proper bearing on the issue of the guilt or innocence of the accused. It attempts to strike a reasonable balance between protecting the privacy and reputation of a victim and permitting an accused, when it is found relevant, to present evidence of a victim’s sexual conduct.”

CPL 60.42 begins with a general prohibition against admitting evidence of a victim’s sexual conduct and then provides a list of five exceptions. Subdivisions (1) and (2) are clearly inapplicable to a child sex abuse proceeding. Subdivisions (3), (4) and (5) address evidentiary issues which this court believes may arise in the course of a child sex abuse proceeding. For example, subdivision (4) applies when the prosecutor introduces evidence that the accused is the cause of a pregnancy or disease of the victim or the source of semen found in the victim. If the petitioner in a child sex abuse proceeding were to offer evidence that the victim has contracted a sexually transmitted disease from contact with the respondent, under those circumstances, evidence of the victim’s sexual contact with others during the pertinent time frame would tend to rebut a conclusion that the disease came from contact with the respondent. The point of this example is to demonstrate that even if one begins with the premise that a victim’s sexual conduct is not admissible in a child sex abuse proceeding, nonetheless there may be situations where such evidence is relevant to the determination to be made. CPL 60.42 (3), (4) and (5) recognize that there may be such situations and this court believes those possibilities exist in a Family Court proceeding as well.

The thrust of CPL 60.42 is that the prior sexual contact of a victim should not be a subject for exploration in a criminal proceeding unless it is determined by the court to be relevant to deciding the issues before it. If the evidence to be adduced is relevant and otherwise admissible, the court must allow the defendant to offer it.

It is not necessary for this court to declare CPL 60.42 applicable to a Family Court Act article 10 child sexual abuse proceeding for the following reasons. The Family Court has a [294]

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Bluebook (online)
150 Misc. 2d 290, 568 N.Y.S.2d 288, 1991 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 103, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-trisha-m-nycfamct-1991.