Melnick, J. —
¶1 Deanna M. Zandi (the mother) appeals an order requiring her to pay 25 percent of medical expenses incurred by T.Z. (the child). The mother argues that a December 9, 2009 child support order required Victor M. Zandi (the father) to pay all uninsured medical expenses. We agree with the mother and reverse.
FACTS
¶2 The order of child support between the parties required the father to pay all uninsured medical expenses. The child is insured under the father’s Kaiser Permanente policy. The policy required an insured to seek care from a Kaiser-approved facility or physician or to obtain preap-proval for out-of-network doctors or facilities. Emergency care is covered at non-Kaiser facilities in the event a Kaiser facility is not available.
¶3 In July 2011, while visiting her aunt in Ohio, the child developed kidney stones. Her aunt took her to a non-Kaiser emergency room, where she was treated and released. [53] Kaiser paid for this emergency room visit. She needed follow-up surgery to remove a large kidney stone. The nearest Kaiser medical facility was four to eight hours away. The aunt took the child to a non-Kaiser facility for the follow-up surgery. Although a doctor at this facility stated that Kaiser would cover the costs of the surgery, Kaiser refused to pay the approximately $13,000 in medical bills. The father appealed through the Kaiser appeal process, and Kaiser denied the appeal because the surgery was performed by a non-Kaiser provider without any request for authorization or assistance from Kaiser regarding this matter.
¶4 On March 30, 2012, the mother filed a petition to modify child support and in it also requested the father to pay medical expenses incurred in July 2011 as “uninsured medical expenses.” Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 12. Following argument, the trial court ordered the mother to pay 25 percent and the father to pay 75 percent of the outstanding medical bills. In a written order, the court determined that because the mother was in a better position, as the primary residential parent, to secure coverage for the treatment through Kaiser, “the uninsured medical expenses for this incident should be” divided. CP at 247. The mother appeals. She argues that the trial court lacked the authority to ignore the terms of the child support order and apportion payment of uninsured medical expenses.
ANALYSIS
¶5 RCW 26.18.1701 allows a parent to seek payment of medical expenses as set out in a child support order. The [54] trial court concluded that the child’s Ohio medical expenses were “uninsured.” The father argues on appeal that the uncovered medical expenses were insured and Kaiser refused to pay only because the mother did not follow policy requirements.
¶6 The father did not cross appeal.2 However, because the father is not seeking affirmative relief, he is permitted to argue any grounds supported by the record to sustain the trial court’s decision. RAP 2.4(a) (barring affirmative relief to respondent in the absence of a cross appeal); State v. Green, 177 Wn. App. 332, 341 n.8, 312 P.3d 669 (2013). If we accept the father’s argument that the medical expenses were not “uninsured,” the trial court could apportion the expenses. Accordingly, we first address whether the trial court correctly determined that the child’s medical expenses were uninsured. We then address whether the trial court properly allocated the expenses.
I. Uninsured Medical Expenses
¶7 RCW 26.18.170(18)(d) defines “[u]ninsured medical expenses” as “premiums, copays, deductibles, along with other health care costs not covered by insurance.” Statutory interpretation is a question of law that we review de novo. Clallam County v. Dry Creek Coal., 161 Wn. App. 366, 385, 255 P.3d 709 (2011). When the plain language of the statute is unambiguous, our inquiry ends. Dry Creek Coal., 161 Wn. App. at 385. “Unambiguous statutes are not subject to interpretation; one looks at the plain language of the statute without considering outside sources.” Durland v. San Juan County, 174 Wn. App. 1, 22-23, 298 P.3d 757 (2012).
[55] ¶8 The parties disagree whether the child’s expenses are “health care costs not covered by insurance”; the mother contends that because Kaiser did not cover the expenses, they are uninsured, and the father argues that his Kaiser policy covered the expenses but the mother failed to follow the policy requirements to obtain coverage.3 Because the plain language of RCW 26.18.170 includes as “uninsured” expenses any costs “not covered by insurance” and because Kaiser is not covering the disputed medical expenses, we conclude that the trial court did not err in determining that the expenses were uninsured.
II. Child Support Order
¶9 The issue thus becomes whether the trial court had the authority to require the mother to pay 25 percent of the uninsured medical expenses after she sought to enforce a child support order requiring the father to pay 100 percent. As stated, the trial court concluded that the mother should pay part of the expense because, as the primary residential parent, she was in a better position to secure coverage for the kidney stone treatment by Kaiser Permanente.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Melnick, J. —
¶1 Deanna M. Zandi (the mother) appeals an order requiring her to pay 25 percent of medical expenses incurred by T.Z. (the child). The mother argues that a December 9, 2009 child support order required Victor M. Zandi (the father) to pay all uninsured medical expenses. We agree with the mother and reverse.
FACTS
¶2 The order of child support between the parties required the father to pay all uninsured medical expenses. The child is insured under the father’s Kaiser Permanente policy. The policy required an insured to seek care from a Kaiser-approved facility or physician or to obtain preap-proval for out-of-network doctors or facilities. Emergency care is covered at non-Kaiser facilities in the event a Kaiser facility is not available.
¶3 In July 2011, while visiting her aunt in Ohio, the child developed kidney stones. Her aunt took her to a non-Kaiser emergency room, where she was treated and released. [53] Kaiser paid for this emergency room visit. She needed follow-up surgery to remove a large kidney stone. The nearest Kaiser medical facility was four to eight hours away. The aunt took the child to a non-Kaiser facility for the follow-up surgery. Although a doctor at this facility stated that Kaiser would cover the costs of the surgery, Kaiser refused to pay the approximately $13,000 in medical bills. The father appealed through the Kaiser appeal process, and Kaiser denied the appeal because the surgery was performed by a non-Kaiser provider without any request for authorization or assistance from Kaiser regarding this matter.
¶4 On March 30, 2012, the mother filed a petition to modify child support and in it also requested the father to pay medical expenses incurred in July 2011 as “uninsured medical expenses.” Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 12. Following argument, the trial court ordered the mother to pay 25 percent and the father to pay 75 percent of the outstanding medical bills. In a written order, the court determined that because the mother was in a better position, as the primary residential parent, to secure coverage for the treatment through Kaiser, “the uninsured medical expenses for this incident should be” divided. CP at 247. The mother appeals. She argues that the trial court lacked the authority to ignore the terms of the child support order and apportion payment of uninsured medical expenses.
ANALYSIS
¶5 RCW 26.18.1701 allows a parent to seek payment of medical expenses as set out in a child support order. The [54] trial court concluded that the child’s Ohio medical expenses were “uninsured.” The father argues on appeal that the uncovered medical expenses were insured and Kaiser refused to pay only because the mother did not follow policy requirements.
¶6 The father did not cross appeal.2 However, because the father is not seeking affirmative relief, he is permitted to argue any grounds supported by the record to sustain the trial court’s decision. RAP 2.4(a) (barring affirmative relief to respondent in the absence of a cross appeal); State v. Green, 177 Wn. App. 332, 341 n.8, 312 P.3d 669 (2013). If we accept the father’s argument that the medical expenses were not “uninsured,” the trial court could apportion the expenses. Accordingly, we first address whether the trial court correctly determined that the child’s medical expenses were uninsured. We then address whether the trial court properly allocated the expenses.
I. Uninsured Medical Expenses
¶7 RCW 26.18.170(18)(d) defines “[u]ninsured medical expenses” as “premiums, copays, deductibles, along with other health care costs not covered by insurance.” Statutory interpretation is a question of law that we review de novo. Clallam County v. Dry Creek Coal., 161 Wn. App. 366, 385, 255 P.3d 709 (2011). When the plain language of the statute is unambiguous, our inquiry ends. Dry Creek Coal., 161 Wn. App. at 385. “Unambiguous statutes are not subject to interpretation; one looks at the plain language of the statute without considering outside sources.” Durland v. San Juan County, 174 Wn. App. 1, 22-23, 298 P.3d 757 (2012).
[55] ¶8 The parties disagree whether the child’s expenses are “health care costs not covered by insurance”; the mother contends that because Kaiser did not cover the expenses, they are uninsured, and the father argues that his Kaiser policy covered the expenses but the mother failed to follow the policy requirements to obtain coverage.3 Because the plain language of RCW 26.18.170 includes as “uninsured” expenses any costs “not covered by insurance” and because Kaiser is not covering the disputed medical expenses, we conclude that the trial court did not err in determining that the expenses were uninsured.
II. Child Support Order
¶9 The issue thus becomes whether the trial court had the authority to require the mother to pay 25 percent of the uninsured medical expenses after she sought to enforce a child support order requiring the father to pay 100 percent. As stated, the trial court concluded that the mother should pay part of the expense because, as the primary residential parent, she was in a better position to secure coverage for the kidney stone treatment by Kaiser Permanente.
¶10 We hold that the trial court abused its discretion by altering the terms of the child support order. While child support obligations may be modified under certain circumstances, those circumstances did not apply here. See [56] In re Marriage of Schumacher, 100 Wn. App. 208, 213, 997 P.2d 399 (2000) (as a general rule, court must find a substantial change of circumstances before modifying an order). In so ruling, we are mindful that the record does not demonstrate that, under the circumstances, the mother acted unreasonably in choosing a non-Kaiser facility to perform the surgery. Therefore, we need not decide if, pursuant to the child support order, the father would have to pay all of the uninsured medical expenses if a Kaiser facility had been readily accessible and the mother acted unreasonably in not taking their child to it.4 The trial court acted without legal authority in changing the terms of the child support order and therefore abused its discretion in requiring the mother to pay part of the child’s uninsured medical expenses. See Morin v. Burris, 160 Wn.2d 745, 753, 161 P.3d 956 (2007) (trial court abuses its discretion when its decision is based on untenable grounds).
¶11 We reverse.
Bjorgen, A.C.J., concurs.