[Cite as In re S.U., 2014-Ohio-5166.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
CLERMONT COUNTY
IN RE: :
S.U., et al. : CASE NO. CA2014-07-047
: OPINION 11/21/2014 :
:
APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JUVENILE DIVISION Case No. 2012JC04394
Dever Law Firm, Scott A. Hoberg, 9146 Cincinnati-Columbus Road, West Chester, Ohio 45069, for appellant, D.U.
Suellen M. Brafford, 285 East Main Street, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for M.S.
D. Vincent Faris, Clermont County Prosecuting Attorney, Nicholas Horton, 76 South Riverside Drive, 2nd Floor, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for appellee, Clermont County Department of Job and Family Services
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, the biological mother of S.U. and M.S., appeals a decision of the
Clermont County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of
the two children to a children services agency.
{¶ 2} Clermont County Children's Protective Services filed a complaint on April 18, Clermont CA2014-07-047
2012, alleging that M.S. was a neglected child and S.U. was a dependent child. The
complaint indicated that the agency had been working with the family, who was living in a
homeless shelter. The agency received reports that M.S., who was seven months old, was
not being fed enough and was very thin. M.S. was taken to the pediatrician and on
examination, weighed 12 pounds and 15 ounces and was diagnosed with failure to thrive. In
addition, the complaint alleged that appellant was "kicked out" of the homeless shelter due to
threats to kill other residents.
{¶ 3} On July 5, 2012, M.S. was adjudicated neglected and S.U. was adjudicated
dependent. A case plan was prepared for the family that required appellant to obtain and
maintain housing and income, to complete a mental health assessment and follow
recommendations, and to complete parenting classes. After two six-month extensions on the
case, the agency filed for permanent custody of the children on August 28, 2013.
{¶ 4} Appellant failed to appear at the scheduled permanent custody hearing. The
agency presented the testimony of the caseworker, who testified that the children have been
in agency custody since April 17, 2012. M.S.'s father was initially involved in the case
because he was living with appellant. The caseworker testified that M.S.'s father was only
involved because he was living with the mother, and he did not want a case plan. She
testified that the father has been incarcerated on and off during the case and was currently
scheduled to be released in 2015. She further testified that the father has never contacted
the agency and has had no contact with the child while in foster care.
{¶ 5} The caseworker further testified that in November 2012, appellant had an
apartment and was working at Wendy's. However, appellant terminated her employment
with Wendy's in February 2012, due to a pregnancy. Appellant lost her apartment around
October 2013, and for a while was living "from home to home" with friends. The caseworker
testified that appellant is now living with her mother in Washington Court House and is not -2- Clermont CA2014-07-047
employed. The caseworker testified that when appellant stated that she wanted to move in
with her mother, the caseworker discussed this option with appellant and told her it would not
be possible for appellant to regain custody of the children while living with the grandmother.
The caseworker explained that in the past, children's services had substantiated abuse by
the grandmother, which made the grandmother's home inappropriate for appellant's children.
{¶ 6} The caseworker also testified that appellant began going to Lifepoint in June
2013 to address the mental health requirements of the case plan. Appellant was diagnosed
with major depressive disorder, panic disorder and borderline personality disorder with
primitive instincts. She began counseling, but her attendance was not consistent. She
attended counseling for three months, and her last visit was October 25, 2013. The
caseworker indicated that she had several conversations with appellant in which she advised
appellant about the importance of being consistent with her treatment. She indicated during
these conversations, appellant was resistant, and told the caseworker she would engage in
consistent treatment, but usually did not.
{¶ 7} In addition, the caseworker testified that appellant did not successfully complete
parenting classes and was not consistent with visit. In December 2013, four visits were
scheduled, but appellant only attended one visit. The caseworker indicated the children are
doing well in the foster home where they have been placed since July 2013. She testified
that the foster mother is very loving, kind and patient with the children and has worked hard
to meet all of the children's needs, including addressing problems with S.U.'s speech.
{¶ 8} Kristy Macku, a parent educator at Child Focus, discussed her interaction with
appellant during parenting classes that took place with visitations. Appellant met with Macku
for a total of ten sessions, although appellant did not attend five of the initially scheduled
sessions, and Macku had to get an extension to continue working with appellant because the
missed visits were a violation of the attendance policy. Macku indicated that the goals for -3- Clermont CA2014-07-047
appellant were to identify and understand the basic needs of the children and how to safely
and effectively meet those needs, along with demonstrating knowledge of age-appropriate
behavior and discipline and the importance of age-appropriate interaction. The parenting
instruction took the form of observations, coaching and modeling appropriate parenting
practices. Macku testified that she took a variety of approaches with appellant from just
observing to intervening into a situation with feedback.
{¶ 9} Macku testified that appellant often used sarcasm and inappropriate comments
and this behavior would confuse the children. She instructed appellant not to use sarcasm,
as it is confusing for a child, but appellant did not feel there was an issue with her behavior.
Appellant would swear during visits and need to be redirected. She would also raise her
voice, swear and use a harsh tone with the children that made them cry. Again, Macku
attempted to redirect appellant and instruct her that she needed to talk more calmly to the
children. Appellant would also get upset and frustrated at times, even when there weren't
behavioral problems and there was no reason to get upset. Macku indicated appellant was
"pretty resistant" to suggestions and would argue with her on simple things, saying the
information was not beneficial to her. At the start of the program, appellant informed Macku
that she did not need any sort of information on parenting. Appellant was not consistently
engaged with the instructor or children during sessions and did not consistently provide for
the children's needs during visits. Macku testified that she would tell appellant to stop certain
behavior and give her examples of appropriate things to do.
{¶ 10} Macku indicated she had concerns with appellant's interactions with her
children. During visits, she had to intervene for the safety of the children, such as when M.S.
put things in his mouth and appellant was not paying attention. In her testimony, Macku
described an incident in which appellant gave S.U. a bracelet. The child did not want to wear
it, but appellant kept insisting the child wear it, until S.U. started crying and stated that she
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wanted "mommy," meaning her foster mother. Appellant then stated several times that she
was the child's mother and Macku had to intervene and diffuse the situation. Macku testified
that appellant is not consistent in her interaction with the children and is often focused on
what she wants or needs herself, rather than what the children need or want. For example,
she indicated if appellant wanted to color, she would tell the children to color with her and
then become frustrated if the children did not want to color. According to Macku, appellant
was resistant to change and made very limited progress on the goals of the parenting
education, with the only progress being the extremely limited issue of identifying some people
who may not be appropriate to supervise the children. Based on her work with appellant,
Macku concluded that appellant is not able to identify and meet the needs of the children.
{¶ 11} Cheryl Dorsch testified that she worked with appellant in parenting classes at A
Caring Place in August through September 2013. She indicated appellant was very upset
and agitated throughout the classes. Appellant told Dorsch she was homeless and "just
stayed wherever she could." She testified that appellant focused on herself and her past
experiences during the classes, and not on the topic the class was learning. Dorsch
indicated appellant did not receive a certificate of completion because she missed the first
class session, and although she was given the opportunity to make up the class, failed to do
so.
{¶ 12} Lindsay Jones, who supervises visitation for the agency, also testified similarly
to Macku regarding appellant's visitations with the children. She indicated that in general, it is
rare to intervene during a visitation, but she had to intervene in about half of the visits
between appellant and her children. Jones testified that appellant has very unrealistic
expectations of the children and uses harsh tones and sarcasm in speaking with them, which
is not appropriate because the harsh tone and sarcasm are hurtful and cause the children to
cry. She indicated S.U. has speech problems and appellant would become irritated with S.U.
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if she could not understand what the child was trying to say. S.U. would often end up crying
at visits, and appellant would not let go of the issue, causing distress to the child.
{¶ 13} Jones described an incident in which appellant did not like the clothes S.U.
wore to a visit, because they were too bright and had too many colors. When S.U. began to
cry because of appellant's comments, appellant refused to let the subject go, causing Jones
to intervene in the situation. In another incident Jones described, appellant overreacted
because S.U. brought a pencil sharpener to a visit and S.U. became upset and asked for her
foster mom. Appellant became upset with the child and threatened not to come to any more
visits.
{¶ 14} Jones testified that appellant would also frequently swear at the children during
visits, and she would have to intervene and ask appellant not to swear. Jones indicated S.U.
was initially receptive to appellant at visits, but lately has become less enthusiastic. She
stated that the child is whiny, leaves the room during visitations and is excited to leave the
visit.
{¶ 15} Julie Jordan, an adoption supervisor, also testified at the hearing. She
discussed the procedures and process that the children would undergo if placed for adoption.
Jones indicated the current caregiver has expressed a desire to provide a permanent home
for the children and would be given preferential consideration if the children were placed for
adoption.
{¶ 16} After the first hearing date, the court granted a continuance to allow appellant to
appear and present evidence on a later date. On March 14, 2014, the second hearing date,
appellant testified that she has lived in Washington Courthouse with her mother and her
younger, six-year-old sister since August 2013. She stated that she has talked to the
manager at Cheap Tobacco and is going to be hired as a vapor cigarette saleswoman.
Appellant testified that she believes her housing with the children's grandmother is stable and -6- Clermont CA2014-07-047
she does not agree that the children cannot live with their grandmother. The grandmother's
rent is paid for by a community program and the grandmother receives Social Security
benefits for appellant's younger sister that the family uses for water, electricity and other
needs. Appellant testified that she went to Lifepoint for a mental health evaluation and
counseling, but stopped going because she lost her transportation.
{¶ 17} Appellant testified that she last visited the children in January and that she
relies on others for transportation. She admitted that she had been charged with obstruction
of business in Fayette County, but it was reduced to disorderly conduct. Appellant also
admitted that she was angry with children's services and claimed that her reaction was based
on concern for the children.
{¶ 18} The children's grandmother also testified and indicated her rent is paid for by a
community program for chronically homeless people that lasts for three years and may
possibly last longer if funding is available. She indicated that she went to most of the
visitations at the agency and that she believes appellant interacted as well as she could with
the children in the small area provided. She testified that appellant has a loving and bonded
relationship with the children. The grandmother testified that she and appellant plan to live
together as a two-parent family with the children. She admitted that appellant "lashes out" at
people when she is frustrated. The grandmother also admitted that she has a history with
children's services that involved accusations that she was abusing appellant, but she claims
that she never did anything.
{¶ 19} Finally, appellant's friend testified. She stated that she has known appellant for
six years and appellant has great interaction with her children and is a good mother.
Appellant's friend also testified that she does not consider the grandmother a danger to the
children.
{¶ 20} After considering all of the evidence, the magistrate granted permanent custody -7- Clermont CA2014-07-047
of the children to the agency. Appellant's objections to the magistrate's decision were
overruled. Appellant now appeals the trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of the
children to the agency and raises the following assignment of error for our review:
{¶ 21} IN A CHILD CUSTODY CASE, THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS DECISION
AND ORDER GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY OF THE CHILDREN TO THE AGENCY
DESPITE THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶ 22} Before a natural parent's constitutionally protected liberty interest in the care
and custody of her child may be terminated, the state is required to prove by clear and
convincing evidence that the statutory standards for permanent custody have been met.
Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 759, 102 S.Ct. 1388 (1982). An appellate court's review
of a juvenile court's decision granting permanent custody is limited to whether sufficient
credible evidence exists to support the juvenile court's determination. In re Starkey, 150
Ohio App.3d 612, 2002-Ohio-6892, ¶ 16 (7th Dist.). A reviewing court will reverse a finding
by the juvenile court that the evidence was clear and convincing only if there is a sufficient
conflict in the evidence presented. In re Rodgers (2000), 138 Ohio App.3d 510, 520 (12th
Dist.).
{¶ 23} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), a court may terminate parental rights and
award permanent custody to a children services agency if it makes findings pursuant to a
two-part test. First, the court must find that the grant of permanent custody to the agency is
in the best interest of the child, utilizing, in part, the factors of R.C. 2151.414(D). Second, the
court must find that any of the following apply: the child is abandoned; the child is orphaned;
the child has been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 months of a
consecutive 22-month period; or where the preceding three factors do not apply, the child
cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with
either parent. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a), (b), (c) and (d); In re E.B., 12th Dist. Warren Nos. -8- Clermont CA2014-07-047
CA2009-10-139, CA2009-11-146, 2010-Ohio-1122, ¶ 22.
{¶ 24} The juvenile court found by clear and convincing evidence, and appellant does
not dispute, that the children have been in the temporary custody of the agency for more than
12 months of a consecutive 22-month period as of the date the agency filed the permanent
custody motion. However, appellant does dispute the juvenile court's finding that granting
permanent custody of the children to the agency is in the child/children's best interest.
{¶ 25} R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) provides that in considering the best interest of a child in a
permanent custody hearing:
[T]he court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to the following:
(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of- home providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child;
(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the child;
(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period * * *;
(d) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the agency;
(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section apply in relation to the parents and child.
{¶ 26} With respect to R.C. 2151.414 (D)(1)(a), the juvenile court found that the facts
demonstrated that appellant had difficulty managing her anger around the children,
interacting with them in an appropriate manner and in putting the needs of the children first.
The court found that M.S. was not very bonded to appellant and although S.U. was bonded
somewhat to appellant, she was becoming increasingly irritated with visitation. The court -9- Clermont CA2014-07-047
also found that the foster mother is a teacher who is loving, kind and patient with the children
and that S.U.'s speech problems have improved in the foster home.
{¶ 27} With respect to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(b), the juvenile court indicated that the
children are too young to express their wishes, but S.U. refers to the foster family house as
"my house" and indicates she likes living there. The court found that the guardian ad litem
recommended that the agency be awarded permanent custody of the children.
{¶ 28} With respect to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(c), the juvenile court found that the
children were placed in the agency's custody on April 19, 2012 and have remained in the
agency's custody since that time. The court found that the children have been in agency
custody for 12 or more months of a 22-month period.
{¶ 29} With respect to R.C. 2151.414 (D)(1)(d), the juvenile court found that the
children are in need of a legally secure placement. They have spent almost two years in
temporary custody and appellant is still not in a position to provide for many of their needs.
S.U.'s father has never been determined and M.S.'s father is considered to have abandoned
the child under R.C. 2151.011(C) and 2151.414(E)(10). The court also found that the
children are thriving in their current environment which could potentially become a legally
secure, permanent placement for them.
{¶ 30} The court also found that appellant still does not have a job, reliable
transportation, or safe and stable housing of her own. The court indicated that appellant's
ability to learn from the parenting educators was apparently hampered by her inability to
receive constructive criticism and/or her belief that she did not need any help in providing for
the children's needs. The juvenile court found that the evidence indicates appellant still has
difficulty putting the needs of the children before her own needs and in recognizing certain
situations as dangerous. For example, appellant sees no problem living with the
grandmother, even though appellant still has issues from the abuse she experienced while - 10 - Clermont CA2014-07-047
growing up. Appellant still has problems relating to the children in an age-appropriate way
and controlling her anger, which affects her relationships with the children.
{¶ 31} In her sole assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court did not
consider the best interest factors in light of the evidence presented at the hearing. She
argues there was a clear bond between herself and S.U. and the issues that led to filing the
complaint were resolved and that her absences from case services were unavoidable. She
further argues that she completed parenting classes, the agency did not submit documentary
evidence that the grandmother's home was not appropriate and the agency did not look for
placement with relatives in Toledo.
{¶ 32} After review of the record, we find no merit to appellant's arguments. The court
carefully considered the evidence as it related to each of the best interest factors found in
R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) and the court's findings are supported by the record. Although appellant
argues there was a bond between herself and S.U., the court considered the parent-child
bond, but also considered the fact that S.U. was crying and becoming increasingly distressed
at visits.
{¶ 33} Moreover, despite appellant's assertion to the contrary, the problems that led to
the filing of the complaint have not been resolved and appellant's absences from case plan
services were not unavoidable. Appellant failed to complete the case plan requirements
relating to mental health issues, employment and parenting classes. Appellant still did not
have safe and stable housing, as she was living with her mother, who has a history with
children's services for abusing appellant as a child. Although appellant disputes the court's
finding that her mother's home was not appropriate, and argues there was no documentary
evidence, the testimony at the hearing that the grandmother had a history with children's
services due to abuse of appellant was sufficient to establish the inappropriateness of the
home. Appellant made the decision to move in with the grandmother even after being told - 11 - Clermont CA2014-07-047
that the home was not appropriate and that she would not be able to get her children back
while living there.
{¶ 34} Although appellant argues that her absences from services and visitations were
unavoidable, the record reflects otherwise. Appellant's transportation problems and some of
the resulting absences from services and visitation were due to her decision to move from
Clermont County to Washington Court House. Appellant indicated that while in Clermont
County she was able to take advantage of transportation options through the county that
were unavailable when she moved. In addition, although she testified at the hearing that she
has family in Toledo, there was no evidence that appellant mentioned these relatives to the
agency as possible placements for the children.
{¶ 35} Finally, appellant argues that she completed parenting classes, but the record
indicates otherwise. Macku testified that appellant participated in the parenting program, but
that she made little progress and is unable to safely and effectively parent the children.
Likewise, Dorsch testified that appellant did not complete all the required sessions, and
although she had the opportunity to make up the missed session, she failed to do so.
Moreover, the case plan is simply a means to a goal, not a goal in itself, so that even
successful completion of a case plan does not preclude a grant of permanent custody. In re
Mraz, 12th Dist. Brown App. No. CA2002-05-011, 2002-Ohio-7278, ¶ 13. The evidence
clearly indicates that despite some participation in parenting classes, appellant has not
learned from the classes and is unable to safely and effectively parent the children.
{¶ 36} After carefully reviewing the evidence, we find the trial court's decision was not
against the manifest weight of the evidence. Accordingly, appellant's sole assignment of
error is overruled.
{¶ 37} Judgment affirmed.
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PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
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