In re R.G.M.

2023 Ohio 685

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: March 3, 2023
• Docket: CT2022-0046 & CT2022-0047
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re R.G.M., 2023-Ohio-685.]

COURT OF APPEALS MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. Hon. John W. Wise, J. R.G.M (dob 9/13/20) Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.

R.G.M. (dob 9/13/20) Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047

OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case Nos. 22030176 and 22030177

JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 3, 2023

APPEARANCES:

For Appellee MCCS For Appellant K.G.

RON WELCH RICHARD D. HIXSON PROSECUTING ATTORNEY 3808 James Court, Suite 2 JOHN CONNOR DEVER Zanesville, Ohio 43701 ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR 27 North Fifth Street, Suite 201 Zanesville, Ohio 43701

Guardian ad Litem

EVAN WAGNER 3970 Brown Park Drive, Suite B Hilliard, Ohio 43026 Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 2

Wise, J.

{¶1} Appellant-Mother K.G. appeals the decision of the Muskingum County

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which granted legal custody of her minor

children to their maternal aunt.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

{¶2} The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows:

{¶3} Appellant K.G. is the mother of minor children R.G.M. and R.G.M.,

{¶4} On September 17, 2020, following an ex parte hearing, the minor children

were initially placed in the temporary custody of Muskingum County Adult and Child

Protective Services.

{¶5} A Complaint was filed on the same date alleging the minor children were

dependent under R.C. § 2151.04(B) and §2151.04(C). The children were found to be

dependent children at the adjudicatory hearing, and temporary custody was continued

with Muskingum County Adult and Child Protective Services.

{¶6} On March 8, 2021, a motion to grant temporary custody to Amanda

McPeak, maternal aunt, was filed by Muskingum County Adult and Child Protective

Services.

{¶7} On June 15, 2021, a hearing was held on the motion, following which the

trial court granted the motion, with protective supervision remaining with the Agency.

{¶8} On July 26, 2021, a motion to grant legal custody to Amanda McPeak and

terminate protective supervision was filed by the Agency.

{¶9} On May 17, 2022, a hearing on the motion was held. At the hearing, the

Agency presented testimony from Caseworker Wendy Swartz. As part of her testimony, Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 3

Caseworker Swartz testified regarding a psychological evaluation of Appellant-Mother

completed by Dr. Gary Wolfgang. Dr. Wolfgang was not present at the hearing. The trial

court also had before it the written report of the Guardian ad Litem.

{¶10} By Judgment Entry filed May 31, 2022, the trial court granted the motion to

grant legal custody to Amanda McPeak and terminated protective supervision.

{¶11} Appellant now appeals, raising the following Assignments of Error:

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN

ALLOWING THE ADMISSION OF DR. WOLFGANG'S PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT, AS

ADMITTING THE REPORT VIOLATED APPELLANT'S RIGHT TO PROCEDURAL DUE

PROCESS.

{¶13} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN

FINDING IT WOULD BE IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILDREN TO THEIR

MATERNAL AUNT, AMANDA McPEAK, AS SUCH A FINDING WAS AGAINST THE

MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”

I.

{¶14} In her first assignment of error, Appellant argues that the trial court’s

decision to allow the admission of Dr. Wolfgang’s psychological report violated her right

to procedural due process. We agree.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

{¶15} Unlike in a permanent custody proceeding where a juvenile court's standard

of review is by clear and convincing evidence, the court's standard of review in legal

custody proceedings is a preponderance of the evidence. In re S.D., 5th Dist. Stark Nos. Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 4

2013CA0081, 2013CA0082, 2013-Ohio-5752, ¶ 32; In re A.C., 12th Dist. No. CA2006-

12-105, 2007-Ohio-3350 at ¶ 14; In re Nice, 141 Ohio App.3d 445, 455, 751 N.E.2d 552

(7th Dist.2001).

{¶16} We review the trial court's award of legal custody for an abuse of discretion

and recognize that a trial court has broad discretion in proceedings involving the care and

custody of children. In re R.D.J., 5th Dist. Delaware No. 12 CAF 07 0046, 2013-Ohio-

1999, ¶ 29, quoting In re Gales, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-445, 2003-Ohio-6309; In re Nice,

141 Ohio App.3d 445, 455, 2001-Ohio-3214, 751 N.E.2d 552; In re Mullen, 129 Ohio

St.3d 417, 2011-Ohio-3361, ¶ 14.

{¶17} Abuse of discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; rather,

it implies that the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.

Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983).

ANALYSIS

{¶18} Appellant herein argues that her right to procedural due process was

violated when the trial court admitted Dr. Gary Wolfgang’s report into evidence when Dr.

Wolfgang was not available for cross-examination by Appellant.

{¶19} Appellant relies upon the Ohio Supreme Court case In re Hoffman, 97 Ohio

St.3d 92, 776 N.E.2d 485, 2002–Ohio–5368, wherein the Court held

Due process necessitates that appellee should have had the right to

cross-examine the guardian ad litem, since the trial court relied upon the

report. As such, notwithstanding R.C. 2151.414(C), we hold that in a

permanent custody proceeding in which the guardian ad litem's report will

be a factor in the trial court's decision, parties to the proceeding have the Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 5

right to cross-examine the guardian ad litem concerning the contents of the

report and the basis for a custody recommendation. Without these

safeguards, there are no measures to ensure the accuracy of the

information provided and the credibility of those who made statements.

{¶20} The Hoffman court reached this decision after considering cases from

other states which found, in cases involving non-terminal custody issues, “that due

process concerns dictate that parties should be given the opportunity to cross-examine

persons who prepare investigative reports for the court's consideration.” Id. at ¶ 18, 776

N.E.2d 485 et seq. :

In Collins v. Collins (1984), 283 S.C. 526, 324 S.E.2d 82, the wife

appealed from the judgment of the court in her divorce action, which granted

custody of the parties' daughter to the husband. The wife contended that

the court's in camera receipt of the recommendation of the guardian ad

litem, and her resulting inability to cross-examine, denied her due process.

Id. at 528, 324 S.E.2d 82. Although the error was ultimately ruled harmless,

the court held, “We believe that the ends of justice are better served by

permitting cross-examination of a guardian ad litem. * * * [W]e hold that

where the report contains statements of fact, the litigants are entitled to

cross-examine the guardian ad litem and any witnesses whose testimony

formed the basis of the guardian's recommendation. The family court's

failure * * * to permit proper cross-examination is reversible error * * *.” Id.

at 530, 324 S.E.2d 82. Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 6

In Mazur v. Lazarus (App.D.C.1964), 196 A.2d 477, the court

determined that the action of the court in basing its decision, at least in part,

on investigative reports without opportunity for the parties to cross-examine

the persons who prepared them violated due process requirements. The

court expounded, “[T]he courts of this jurisdiction sometimes call to their aid

experienced and disinterested trained social workers * * * to make

unbias[ed] examinations of the qualifications of those seeking custody of

children, and the circumstances of the children themselves. But it has never

been the practice to receive such reports after trial, with no opportunity for

the parties to read them or to cross-examine the persons who prepared

them. There is an obvious and fundamental unfairness in receiving

evidence in this manner, for it violates due process requirements. It

amounts to a private investigation by the court in assembling or receiving

evidence, out of the sight and hearing of the parties, who are thus deprived

of the opportunity to test, explain or rebut it.” Id. at 479.

In State ex rel. Fisher v. Devins (1972), 294 Minn. 496, 200 N.W.2d

28, the Supreme Court of Minnesota also upheld **489 the right to cross-

examine a probation officer who had prepared a report for custody

proceedings. In Fisher, a long-term foster mother appealed the decision of

the trial court to award custody of a son to the natural mother. Id.

Specifically, the foster mother contended that she should have been given

the opportunity to cross-examine the probation officer who prepared a

report relating to custody of the child. Id. The court agreed with the foster Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 7

mother, stating, “Counsel for appellant was not permitted to cross-examine

the probation officer to ascertain the basis for her opinion * * *. Under our

decisions it was error to deny appellant's counsel an opportunity to cross-

examine the probation officer in order to ascertain the basis of her opinion

that the child should be removed from the custody of [the foster mother].”

Id. at 499–500, 200 N.W.2d 28. The court added, “If the report is to be used

as a basis, wholly or in part, for a determination as to what is best for the

welfare of the child, the one who made the report should be subject to cross-

examination in order to ascertain what it is based on.” Id. at 501, 200 N.W.2d

28.

Likewise, in Stanford v. Stanford (1963), 266 Minn. 250, 258, 123

N.W.2d 187, the court said, “We do not condemn the practice of using court

agencies to make investigations and reports on custody questions. Where

the sole issue is what will best serve the welfare of the child, such reports

are an invaluable aid to the court in determining the question. Their use

should be encouraged, but care should be taken to give fair notice of the

contents of such reports to the parties involved so as to afford them every

opportunity to test the credibility of the reporter through cross-examination

or otherwise and to meet or answer every adverse fact or inference included

therein.”

Finally, in In re Dolly D. (1995), 41 Cal.App.4th 440, 48 Cal.Rptr.2d

691, the child was adjudicated a dependent of the juvenile court. The trial

court denied the father's request to cross-examine the social worker who Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 8

had prepared the report relating to custody. The appellate court reversed

the trial court's judgment, stating, “In dependency proceedings, as in other

civil proceedings, parties have a due process right to cross-examine and

confront witnesses.” Id. at 444, 48 Cal.Rptr.2d 691.

In re Hoffman, 97 Ohio St.3d 92, 2002-Ohio-5368, 776 N.E.2d 485, ¶¶ 19-23

{¶21} Therefore, we find support for application of Hoffman exists outside of the

termination of parental rights.

{¶22} In re A.K., 9th Dist. Summit No. 26291, 2012-Ohio-4430, ¶ 23, the Ninth

District Court found the same principles applied to legal custody cases:

Although a disposition of legal custody is less drastic than permanent

custody because it does not completely sever parental rights, it “potentially

terminates a parent's constitutional right to custody of her child[ren]

because that placement “ ‘is intended to be permanent in nature.’ “ In re

A.A., 9th Dist. No. 25253, 2010–Ohio–5735, ¶ 7, quoting R.C. 2151.42. For

that reason, this Court has held that a legal custody proceeding is

“sufficiently analogous” to a permanent custody proceeding and that the

parents should have the same due process right to cross-examine the

guardian ad litem that they would be afforded at a permanent custody

hearing. Id.

{¶23} Upon review of the trial court’s decision, we find that the trial court relied

upon Dr. Wolfgang’s report in making its decision:

4. Ms. Swartz further testified that Mother completed a psychological

evaluation with Dr. Gary Wolfgang consisting of four (4) appointments held Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 9

on 11-20-20, 11-30-20, 12-7-20 and 1-5-21 and Dr. Wolfgang completed

his report on 1-26-21 in which the report indicated that Mother has several

mental health conditions, which include obsessive compulsive disorder,

PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder; and that Mother would need

continued therapy and psychotropic medications to manage said disorders;

and that Dr. Wolfgang's evaluation strongly suggests that Mother's anxiety

could impair, if not limit completely, Mother's ability to parent her children;

and that there are specific concerns that Mother could project her own high

level of anxiety and fearfulness onto her children which could result in the

children's own anxiety; and that Mother's anxiety could result in her

performing tasks in a hapless and helpless manner which could result in the

needs of the children being unmet by Mother; and that the prognosis for

Mother to make the needed changes to avoid the above scenarios is at best

guarded but is probably poor.

{¶24} For the same due process considerations as set forth in Hoffman, supra,

we find Appellant herein should have had the right to cross-examine Dr. Gary Wolfgang,

since the trial court relied upon the report in making its decision.

{¶25} Appellant's first assignment of error is sustained.

II.

{¶26} In her second assignment of error, Appellant argues that the trial court’s

finding that it would be in the best interest of the children to grant legal custody to their

maternal aunt was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Muskingum County, Case Nos. CT2022-0046 and 0047 10

{¶27} Because our disposition of Appellants' first assignment of error requires a

reversal of the trial court's judgment and a remand to that court, a decision on Appellant’s

second assignment of error would be premature at this juncture and is overruled on that

basis.

{¶28} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas,

Juvenile Division, Muskingum County, Ohio, is hereby reversed and the matter is

remanded for further proceedings consistent with the law and this opinion.

By: Wise, J.

Hoffman, P. J., and

Baldwin, J., concur.

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