In re: PETER SZANTO

• Court: United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: August 5, 2021
• Docket: OR-20-1167-LBT
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

FILED AUG 5 2021

NOT FOR PUBLICATION SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re: BAP No. OR-20-1167-LBT PETER SZANTO, Debtor. Bk. No. 3:16-bk-33185-pcm7

PETER SZANTO, Appellant, v. MEMORANDUM∗ CANDACE AMBORN, Chapter 7 Trustee, Appellee.

Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Oregon Peter C. McKittrick, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding

Before: LAFFERTY, BRAND, and TAYLOR, Bankruptcy Judges.

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 71 debtor Peter Szanto appeals the bankruptcy court’s denial

of his demand to return assets and its subsequent denial of his motion to

∗ This disposition is not appropriate for publication. Although it may be cited for

whatever persuasive value it may have, see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1, it has no precedential value, see 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1. 1 Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section references are to the

Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101–1532, all “Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, and all “Civil Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. vacate under Civil Rule 60(b), applicable via Rule 9024. Because we find

Szanto’s arguments frivolous, we AFFIRM.

FACTS

Szanto filed a chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2016. In December 2017, the

bankruptcy court converted his case to chapter 7 over his objection, based

on Szanto’s failure to comply with the court’s order prohibiting him from

transferring estate property. Then, in March 2020, the bankruptcy court

entered an order denying Szanto’s discharge based primarily on his failure

to disclose assets. 2 The motions underlying this appeal are only a sample of

Szanto’s numerous attempts to sidestep the consequences of conversion. 3

In May 2020, Szanto filed a document entitled “Peter Szanto’s Notice

of Demand for Immediate Return of all of Peter Szanto’s Bankruptcy Estate

Assets and All of Susan Szanto’s Separate Property Assets” (the

“Demand”). Szanto argued in the Demand that he was entitled to the

return of his bankruptcy estate’s assets and alleged separate property of his

wife. He also accused the bankruptcy judge of, among other things,

2 That judgment was affirmed by this Panel (BAP No. OR-20-1106-TLB) in April 2021. Among other things, Szanto moved to postpone the post-conversion § 341(a) 3

meeting of creditors, to remove the chapter 7 trustee, to dismiss the case, and to disqualify the bankruptcy judge. As we noted in our decision affirming the judgment denying discharge, Mr. Szanto is not an ordinary pro se debtor. This is his third bankruptcy case; he has a master’s degree in business administration with a specialty in accounting and a law degree; and he is a serial litigant and a party to at least fifteen litigation cases nationwide. 2 predetermining that he would deny his discharge and “expropriate” all of

Szanto’s assets “the moment Szanto walked into [the judge’s] court in

2016.” No party requested a hearing or objected to the Demand, and the

court denied it without a hearing, finding it frivolous and “the latest

example of Debtor’s long-standing efforts to avoid the consequences of the

conversion of this case to chapter 7, all of which efforts this court has

denied.” The court continued:

As a threshold matter, the Demand is completely devoid of any evidentiary support for the factual assertions made therein. The Demand is also completely lacking in any reasoned argument. The Bankruptcy Code and Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure include specific and detailed instructions regarding the distribution of estate assets. See Bankruptcy Code, Chapter 7, Subchapter II; Fed. R. Bankr. P., Part III. Administration of this chapter 7 case is not complete. There is no authority under which this Court may bypass applicable statutes and rules and allow the release of estate funds to Debtor. Finally, to the extent Debtor is attempting to raise claims on behalf of his wife, this court has repeatedly told Debtor that he does not represent, and may not assert claims on behalf of, his wife. If Debtor’s wife wishes to assert claims in this bankruptcy case, she must do so personally or via a licensed attorney.

Szanto filed a timely motion for relief under Civil Rule 60 (“Motion to

Vacate”), asking the court to vacate the Demand Order. Specifically, Szanto

invoked subsection (b)(1) of Civil Rule 60, which provides that a court may

relieve a party from a final order for “mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or

3 excusable neglect.” Szanto argued that the bankruptcy court made two

mistakes of law in denying the Demand. First, he asserted that he was an

involuntary chapter 7 debtor but that none of the formalities required

under § 303 had occurred. Second, he asserted that the bankruptcy court

erred in its application of community property law, arguing that he and his

wife were entitled to change the character of their community property. He

also filed a declaration attaching a copy of the District Court’s order

denying his emergency motion to stay the § 727(a) trial, which included the

language: “on December 5, 2017, the Bankruptcy Court converted Szanto’s

voluntary Chapter 11 petition to an involuntary Chapter 7 bankruptcy

case[.]”

Again, no party requested a hearing or filed an opposition, and the

bankruptcy court denied the motion without a hearing. The bankruptcy

court found the Motion to Vacate frivolous. As for the purported mistakes

of law, the court rejected Szanto’s argument that his case was governed by

§ 303, noting that Szanto took the District Court’s statement out of context

and that the District Court’s order also stated that once the case was

converted to chapter 7, Szanto’s assets became property of the bankruptcy

estate, subject to exemptions. The court also rejected Szanto’s community

property argument, noting that the Demand requested the return of Mrs.

Szanto’s separate, not community, property and that Szanto had stated on

his schedules, under penalty of perjury, that he and his wife have no

community property.

4 Szanto timely appealed.

JURISDICTION

The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334 and

157(b)(2)(A). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.

ISSUES

Did the bankruptcy court err in denying the Demand?

Did the bankruptcy court abuse its discretion in denying the Motion

to Vacate?

STANDARDS OF REVIEW

Szanto’s Demand does not neatly square with any relief specifically

authorized by the Bankruptcy Code, but it most closely resembles a motion

for abandonment. With respect to such a motion, once a bankruptcy court

has determined whether the factual predicates for abandonment are

present, the bankruptcy court’s decision to authorize or deny abandonment

is reviewed for abuse of discretion. Viet Vu v. Kendall (In re Viet Vu), 245 B.R.

644, 647 (9th Cir. BAP 2000).

We review a bankruptcy court’s denial of a motion under Civil Rule

60(b) for abuse of discretion. Bateman v. U.S. Postal Serv., 231 F.3d 1220,

1223 (9th Cir. 2000).

To determine whether the bankruptcy court abused its discretion, we

conduct a two-step inquiry: (1) we review de novo whether the bankruptcy

court “identified the correct legal rule to apply to the relief requested” and

(2) if it did, whether the bankruptcy court’s application of the legal

5 standard was illogical, implausible, or “without support in inferences that

may be drawn from the facts in the record.” United States v. Hinkson, 585

F.3d 1247, 1261-62 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc).

DISCUSSION

A. Scope of Appeal.

Although Szanto filed the Motion to Vacate before the time to appeal

the Demand Order had expired, his notice of appeal references only the

order denying his Motion to Vacate. His appellate briefing, while difficult

to follow, asserts error in the denial of the Demand Order. Additionally,

appellee has briefed the propriety of the Demand Order as well as the

order denying the Motion to Vacate. Accordingly, we may review both

orders. See Watson v. Shandell (In re Watson), 192 B.R. 739, 742 n.3 (9th Cir.

BAP 1996), aff’d, 116 F.3d 488 (9th Cir. 1997) (table).

B. The bankruptcy court did not err in denying the Demand.

In the bankruptcy court, Szanto provided no legal authority or

factual basis (or admissible evidence) for his assertion that his bankruptcy

estate’s assets should be returned to him. As the bankruptcy court found,

the chapter 7 case was still being administered. And we note that Szanto

asserted no grounds upon which the chapter 7 trustee could have been

ordered to abandon any estate assets. See § 554(b) (authorizing bankruptcy

court to order abandonment of estate property on request of a party in

interest, and after notice and a hearing, if the property in question is

“burdensome to the estate or . . . is of inconsequential value and benefit to

6 the estate.”). Under these circumstances, the bankruptcy court did not err

in denying the Demand.

On appeal, Szanto asserts no plausible grounds for reversing the

bankruptcy court’s ruling on the Demand Order. His theory seems to be

that once his discharge was denied, the case should have been closed and

his assets returned. He contends that the “seizure” of his assets violated his

Fourth Amendment rights because it was done without notice and that the

“expropriation” of his assets contributed to his wife’s ill health and

eventual death. Szanto, however, cites no legal authority or factual basis in

the record to support his theories or assertions. The chapter 7 trustee is

duty-bound to administer all estate assets. See § 704(a)(1). Szanto has cited

no plausible ground for the trustee to deviate from this duty.

C. The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in denying the Motion to Vacate. Szanto requested the bankruptcy court vacate the Demand Order

pursuant to Civil Rule 60(b)(1), which provides that a court may relieve a

party from a final order or judgment for “mistake, inadvertence, surprise,

or excusable neglect.” But the Motion to Vacate was filed within the appeal

period for the Demand Order. As such, it was governed by Civil Rule 59(e),

applicable via Rule 9023. Heritage Pac. Fin., LLC v. Montano (In re Montano),

501 B.R. 96, 112 (9th Cir. BAP 2013). To be entitled to relief under that rule,

the movant must show: “(a) newly discovered evidence, (b) the court

committed clear error or made an initial decision that was manifestly

7 unjust, or (c) an intervening change in controlling law.” Id. (citation

omitted). “A [Civil] Rule 59(e) motion may not be used to raise arguments

or present evidence for the first time when they could reasonably have

been raised earlier in the litigation.” Kona Enters., Inc. v. Est. of Bishop, 229

F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (citation omitted; emphasis in original).

In this appeal, the distinction is of no consequence. Szanto’s motion

asserted mistakes of law on the part of the bankruptcy court: first, that the

court erred in finding that Szanto’s bankruptcy case was not an

involuntary case; and second, that the court erred in finding that he and his

wife had no community property and that he could not assert claims on

behalf of his wife. As for the first issue, the bankruptcy court did not err in

finding that the bankruptcy case was not an involuntary case, despite the

District Court’s statement that the case had been converted from a

voluntary chapter 11 case to an “involuntary” chapter 7. As the bankruptcy

court found, Szanto took this statement out of context, and there is nothing

in the District Court’s order to support his argument that he is entitled to

the return of his assets at this time.

With respect to the second issue, community property belongs to the

estate, § 541(a)(2), and the court noted in its order denying the Motion to

Vacate that it had told Szanto numerous times that this was the case. In any

event, the Demand had requested the return of Mrs. Szanto’s separate

property, and Szanto cited no authority that he could assert claims on

behalf of his wife with respect to her separate property.

8 In this appeal, Szanto cites no legal or factual basis in the record to

support his contention that the bankruptcy court erred in finding that his

case is not an involuntary chapter 7 governed by § 303, nor has he

otherwise shown that the bankruptcy court abused its discretion in

denying his Motion to Vacate.

CONCLUSION

For these reasons, the bankruptcy court did not err in denying the

Demand nor did it abuse its discretion in denying the Motion to Vacate.

Accordingly, we AFFIRM.