In re M.J.B. III, G.M.B., and J.A.B.

• Court: Supreme Court of North Carolina
• Decided: April 23, 2021
• Docket: 280A20
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA

2021-NCSC-50

No. 280A20

Filed 23 April 2021

IN THE MATTER OF: M.J.B. III, G.M.B., and J.A.B.

Appeal pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7B-1001(a1)(1) from orders entered on 30

March 2020 by Judge Regina R. Parker in District Court, Beaufort County. This

matter was calendared for argument in the Supreme Court on 19 March 2021 but

determined on the record and briefs without oral argument pursuant to Rule 30(f) of

the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Miller & Audino, LLP, by Jay Anthony Audino, for petitioner-appellee Beaufort County Department of Social Services.

Tasneem A. Dharamsi for appellee Guardian ad Litem.

Sean P. Vitrano for respondent-appellant mother.

BARRINGER, Justice.

¶1 Respondent-mother appeals from the trial court’s 30 March 2020 orders

terminating her parental rights in her minor children M.J.B. III (Mark), 1 G.M.B.

1 Pseudonyms are used throughout this opinion to protect the identities of the juveniles. IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

Opinion of the Court

(Gerry), and J.A.B. (James).2 Upon careful consideration, we affirm the trial court’s

orders terminating respondent-mother’s parental rights.

I. Factual and Procedural Background

¶2 On 28 June 2019, the Beaufort County Department of Social Services (DSS)

filed juvenile petitions alleging that ten-year-old Mark, eight-year-old Gerry, and six-

year-old James were neglected juveniles. The juvenile petitions outlined DSS’s years

of involvement with respondent-mother and her failure to properly feed, bathe, and

clothe her children or protect them from harm. Throughout the children’s lives,

respondent-mother had been financially and emotionally dependent on various

males, placing herself at risk of abuse. In addition, respondent-mother’s boyfriend,

who subsequently became her husband, physically abused the children. After

obtaining custody of the children, DSS placed them together in a licensed therapeutic

foster home due to their special needs and the substantial trauma they had

experienced.

¶3 The juvenile petitions were heard on 30 October 2019, and the children were

adjudicated to be neglected juveniles. In its adjudication order, the trial court made

findings of fact consistent with the allegations in the juvenile petitions (summarized

2 While the trial court also terminated the parental rights of the children’s father, he

is not a party in this case. Thus, this decision does not address the trial court’s findings and orders concerning the children’s father. IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

above). Accordingly, the trial court set the permanent plan for the children as

reunification with a concurrent plan of adoption.

¶4 Following a permanency-planning hearing on 8 January 2020, the trial court

found that respondent-mother had not made substantial progress toward resolving

the need for DSS intervention. Among other things, the trial court found that the

children had revealed new information about the abuse they had suffered while under

respondent-mother’s care—including being hit, struck, and beaten by family

members and being sexually abused by respondent-mother’s boyfriends, including

her now husband. Therefore, the trial court changed the children’s permanent plan

to adoption with a concurrent plan of reunification.

¶5 On 22 January 2020, DSS filed a motion to terminate the parental rights of

respondent-mother on grounds of neglect and dependency. See N.C.G.S. § 7B-

1111(a)(1), (6) (2019). The termination motion was heard on 4 March 2020. On

30 March 2020, the trial court entered an adjudication order, concluding that both

grounds for termination alleged in the motion existed; and a disposition order,

concluding that it was in the best interests of the children to terminate respondent-

mother’s parental rights. Accordingly, the trial court terminated respondent-mother’s

parental rights. Respondent-mother now appeals.

II. Analysis

¶6 Respondent-mother challenges the trial court’s adjudication of the existence of IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

grounds to terminate her parental rights pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1) and

(6). Since “a finding of only one ground is necessary to support a termination of

parental rights,” we address only respondent-mother’s challenge to the adjudication

of neglect under N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1). In re A.R.A., 373 N.C. 190, 194 (2019).

After careful review, we conclude that the unchallenged findings in this case

combined with the challenged findings that are supported by clear, cogent, and

convincing evidence are more than sufficient to support the trial court’s

determination that grounds existed to terminate respondent-mother’s parental rights

pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1). Accordingly, we affirm the orders terminating

respondent-mother’s parental rights.

¶7 The Juvenile Code provides for a two-stage process for the termination of

parental rights: adjudication and disposition. N.C.G.S. §§ 7B-1109 to -1110 (2019).

During the adjudicatory stage, “[t]he burden in these proceedings is on the petitioner

or movant to prove the facts justifying the termination by clear and convincing

evidence.” N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(b); see also id. § 7B-1109(e)–(f). If one or more grounds

exist, the trial court then proceeds to the dispositional stage where it determines

whether termination of parental rights is in the children’s best interests. N.C.G.S.

§ 7B-1110(a). On appeal, respondent-mother does not challenge the trial court’s

determination in the dispositional stage that termination was in the children’s best

interests. IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

A. Standard of Review

¶8 “We review a trial court’s adjudication under N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111 ‘to determine

whether the findings are supported by clear, cogent and convincing evidence and the

findings support the conclusions of law.’ ” In re E.H.P., 372 N.C. 388, 392 (2019)

(quoting In re Montgomery, 311 N.C. 101, 111 (1984)). “A trial court’s finding of fact

that is supported by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence is deemed conclusive even

if the record contains evidence that would support a contrary finding.” In re B.O.A.,

372 N.C. 372, 379 (2019). “Findings of fact not challenged by respondent are deemed

supported by competent evidence and are binding on appeal. Moreover, we review

only those findings necessary to support the trial court’s determination that grounds

existed to terminate respondent’s parental rights.” In re T.N.H., 372 N.C. 403, 407

(2019) (citations omitted). As for the trial court’s conclusions of law, this Court

reviews them de novo. In re M.C., 374 N.C. 882, 886 (2020).

B. Neglect

¶9 A trial court may terminate parental rights for neglect if it concludes the

parent has neglected the juvenile such that the juvenile is a “neglected juvenile”

within the meaning of N.C.G.S. § 7B-101. N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1). A neglected

juvenile is defined, in pertinent part, as one “whose parent, guardian, custodian, or

caretaker does not provide proper care, supervision, or discipline; or who has been

abandoned; or who lives in an environment injurious to the juvenile’s welfare.” IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

N.C.G.S. § 7B-101(15) (2019). In some circumstances, the trial court may terminate

a parent’s rights based on neglect that is currently occurring at the time of the

termination hearing. See, e.g., In re K.C.T., 375 N.C. 592, 599–600 (2020). However,

such a showing is not required if, as in this case, the child is not in the parent’s

custody at the time of the termination hearing. In re N.D.A., 373 N.C. 71, 80 (2019).

Instead, the trial court looks to “evidence of neglect by a parent prior to losing custody

of a child—including an adjudication of such neglect” as well as “any evidence of

changed conditions in light of the evidence of prior neglect and the probability of a

repetition of neglect.” In re Ballard, 311 N.C. 708, 715 (1984). “The determinative

factors must be the best interests of the child and the fitness of the parent to care for

the child at the time of the termination proceeding.” Id. “After weighing this evidence,

the trial court may find that neglect exists as a ground for termination if it concludes

the evidence demonstrates ‘a likelihood of future neglect by the parent.’ ” In re B.T.J.,

2021-NCSC-23, ¶ 11 (quoting In re R.L.D., 375 N.C. 838, 841 (2020)).

C. Challenges to Specific Findings of Fact

¶ 10 On appeal, respondent-mother challenges several of the specific factual

findings made by the trial court and then argues that the remaining findings do not

support a finding that there was a likelihood of future neglect. Below, we address only

those challenges that are necessary to support the trial court’s adjudication that

neglect existed as a ground for termination. While respondent-mother challenges IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

other findings of fact, those findings are unnecessary to determine that there was a

likelihood of future neglect, so we do not address them.

¶ 11 Respondent-mother’s first relevant challenge is to finding of fact 53:

“[Respondent-mother] has participated in parenting classes, but she has been unable

to make any progress. Her pre-test and post-test indicate that she did not learn

anything during the entirety of the classes provided.” Relying on parenting-profile

evaluations completed approximately one month apart in August and September of

2019, respondent-mother contends that the trial court’s finding of a lack of progress

is not supported by the evidence. To the extent this contention involves the “pre-test

and post-test,” we agree that the evidence does not support a finding that respondent-

mother “did not learn anything.” Rather, the record reflects that respondent-mother’s

pre-test and post-test showed slight improvements in each of the five parenting

constructs evaluated. Thus, we disregard that portion of the finding. See In re J.M.,

373 N.C. 352, 358 (2020) (disregarding a finding not supported by the evidence).

¶ 12 However, the record contains sufficient evidence to support the finding that

respondent-mother has been “unable to make any progress” in her parenting skills.

Regarding the tests, respondent-mother only improved her scores by one to two

points, leaving her in the medium risk range for all five categories. According to the

social worker, this did not indicate demonstrable change. More concerningly, the

social worker testified that respondent-mother did not use any of the parenting skills IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

taught in the class when she visited with her children. Respondent-mother does not

challenge the trial court’s finding that each visit “was a retraumatizing episode [for

the children] evidenced by anxiety, visible tremors, nightmares, insomnia, recurrence

of selective mutism, refusing to eat [and] loss of appetite, encopresis, enuresis,

aggressive behaviors towards siblings, and self-injurious behaviors.” Further,

respondent-mother stated that she could not remember what she learned in her

parenting class other than to not raise her voice, talk calmly, and let the children

help out with meals. We conclude this evidence supports the trial court’s finding that

respondent-mother was unable to make any progress in her parenting skills.

¶ 13 Respondent-mother’s second relevant challenge is to the following emphasized

portion of finding of fact 82: “Due to [respondent-mother’s] . . . parental deficiencies,

the juveniles have been exposed to many incidents of traumatic physical, sexual[,]

and emotional abuse. The juveniles’ trauma is such that they will never likely be able

to properly function if returned to [respondent-mother’s] . . . care.” (Emphasis added.)

Respondent-mother contends that the therapist never made this determination and

that the record otherwise lacks evidence that would support it.

¶ 14 However, the unchallenged findings of fact show that the children incurred

significant trauma from the physical and sexual abuse they experienced under

respondent-mother’s care, as well as from her inability to provide for their physical

needs like health, nutrition, and hygiene. As a result, the children exhibited IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

substantial trauma-related behaviors. For the children to overcome their trauma and

properly function, the trial court found that they would need many years of

therapeutic care. Additionally, the therapist testified that they needed time in a safe

environment. The unchallenged findings of fact reveal that respondent-mother failed

to provide either a safe environment or even a minimally competent level of care prior

to the children entering DSS custody. At the time of the termination hearing,

respondent-mother still had not provided a safe environment but instead chose to

maintain a romantic relationship with one of her children’s abusers and live with

another one of them. In addition, even if respondent-mother had progressed in her

parenting skills—which she had not—she also did not believe her children had been

abused, completely undermining her ability to help the children heal from that abuse.

And that does not even include the therapist’s testimony concerning the traumatic

reactions the kids displayed after attending visitations with respondent-mother.

Thus, finding of fact 82, that the children would “never likely be able to properly

function” if returned to respondent-mother’s care, was supported by clear, cogent, and

convincing evidence.

¶ 15 Further, respondent-mother argues that finding of fact 82 is related to the trial

court’s best interests determination, not its adjudication of neglect. But the fact that

the children would never be able to properly function if returned to respondent-

mother’s care establishes that returning the children to her care would place them IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

into an environment injurious to their welfare—one of the definitions of neglect. See

N.C.G.S. § 7B-101(15). Accordingly, the trial court did not err in making this finding

during the adjudicatory stage.

D. Argument Concerning Likelihood of Future Neglect

¶ 16 Respondent-mother further argues that the evidence presented at the

termination hearing does not support the trial court’s finding that a likelihood of

future neglect existed should the children return to respondent-mother’s care.

However, as discussed above, the relevant findings that respondent-mother

challenged were supported by competent evidence, and so we treat them as conclusive

on appeal. In addition, the record contained numerous other unchallenged findings

that when combined with the facts discussed above are more than sufficient to

demonstrate a likelihood of future neglect.

¶ 17 Starting first with evidence of past neglect, we note that respondent-mother

does not challenge any of the trial court’s findings concerning her history with the

children before DSS obtained custody. Accordingly, we accept as binding the trial

court’s findings that respondent-mother repeatedly failed to provide for her children’s

basic needs, including food, shelter, clothing, and hygiene. In addition, respondent-

mother failed to protect the children from physical or sexual abuse, even when she

knew it was occurring. This evidence is more than sufficient to support a finding of

past neglect. IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

¶ 18 Likewise, while respondent-mother contends that she had changed her

circumstances since the children entered DSS custody, the evidence presented at the

termination hearing supports the trial court’s finding that respondent-mother would

likely neglect the children in the future if they returned to her care. As discussed

above, this evidence included the fact that respondent-mother had not made any

progress in her parenting skills, did not believe that her children had been abused,

and continued to associate with their abusers. Accordingly, if returned to her care,

the children would remain at risk of physical and sexual abuse, have unmet physical

needs, and never heal from the trauma they had already endured. These facts are

more than sufficient to establish a likelihood of future neglect.

III. Conclusion

¶ 19 The trial court did not err by adjudicating that grounds existed to terminate

respondent-mother’s parental rights for neglect pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1).

Since the trial court needed to find only one of the grounds in N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)

to terminate respondent-mother’s parental rights, we need not address its

adjudication of dependency as a ground for termination. See In re A.R.A., 373 N.C. at

194. Having determined that grounds existed for termination and because

respondent-mother does not challenge the trial court’s determination of the children’s

best interests at the dispositional stage, we affirm the trial court’s orders terminating

respondent-mother’s parental rights to Mark, Gerry, and James. IN RE M.J.B. III, G.M.B., AND J.A.B.

AFFIRMED.