MEMORANDUM OF DECISION
WILLIAM HILLMAN, Bankruptcy Judge.
I.
INTRODUCTION
The matters before the Court are Christopher J. and Lisa M. Melillos’ (the “Melil-los”) Motion for Reconsideration of Court’s Order Dated February 12, 2008 (the “Motion for Reconsideration”) and Dennis J. and Adele Haratsis Flynns’ (the “Flynns”) (collectively with the Melillos, the “Debtors”) Motion for Clarification and Extension of Time to Comply with Court’s Order Dated February 13, 2008 (the “Motion for Clarification”). In both cases, the Debtors seek reconsideration of the Court’s orders denying of confirmation of their respective Chapter 13 plans for failure to comply with the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) based upon proposed balloon payments.
For the reasons set forth below, I will enter an orders denying reconsideration.
II.
BACKGROUND
The Melillos
The Melillos filed their Chapter 13 petition on January 16, 2007. On June 27, 2007, they filed their First Amended Chapter 13 Plan (the “Melillos’ Plan”). The Melillos’ Plan provided for graduated payments as follows:
12 months @ $ 500.00 = $ 6,000.00
12 months @ $ 1,000.00 = $ 12,000.00
35 months @ $ 1,500.00 = $ 52,500.00
1 month @ $104,625.00 = $122,517.00
$193,017.00
The Melillos intended to fund the final balloon payment from either the sale or refinance of their principal residence or their Florida rental property. The Melil-los’ Plan proposed to cure $127,215.20 of arrears on five loans: an auto loan owed to United Auto Credit — Boston and four mortgages owed to Washington Mutual, Countrywide Home Loans, Old Centre Ventures, Inc., and the Sandy Bee Trust, respectively. Only the arrears on these secured claims would be paid through the plan, while the Melillos would maintain post-petition payments outside the plan.
On February 12, 2008, I entered an order denying confirmation of the Melillos’ Plan on the basis that the proposed graduated payment scheme with a final balloon payment did not comply with the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I). On February 20, 2008, the Melillos filed the Motion for Reconsideration asserting that 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) can be read as effecting only one secured creditor, and as no objections have been filed, that creditor has assented to this treatment.
On February 28, 2008, I took the matter under advisement.
The Flynns
The Flynns filed their Chapter 13 petition on August 30, 2007. On December 17, 2007, the Flynns filed their First Amended Chapter 13 Plan (the “Flynns’ Plan”). The Flynns’ Plan provides for fifty-nine payments of $550.00 per month and one payment of $37,716.00. The Flynns’ Plan contemplates that the lump sum payment will be funded by the Flynns borrowing against their retirement accounts. In their plan, the Flynns propose to pay $34,376.91 to Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. for pre-petition arrears and fees associated with their first mortgage, as well as $4,296.70 to the Town of Holliston for real estate taxes and water and sewer fees.
On February 13, 2008, I denied confirmation of the Flynns’ Plan as the final month balloon payment violated the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I). On February 20, 2008, the Flynns filed the Motion for Clarification seeking clarification of my February 13, 2008 order on the basis that no debt secured by personal or real property was effected by the Flynns’ Plan beyond the curing of arrears on a long-term debt. As the Motion for Clarification raised similar issues as the Melillos’ Motion for Reconsideration, I took it under advisement on February 28, 2008.
III.
POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES
In both cases, the Debtors raise essentially the same arguments in support of their respective plans.
In the Motion for Clarification, the Flynns cite
In re Davis
for the proposition that equal monthly payments are not required when the claim at issue is one in which arrears on a long term debt are being cured pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b)(5). Though not expressly stated by the Motion for Reconsideration, the Melillos also appear to rely on
Davis,
as they suggest I read the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) as effecting only one creditor, presumably the one creditor whose loan will mature during the term of the plan. Additionally, the Debtors assert that no creditors have filed objections to their respective plans based upon 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I), and therefore their silence can be deemed consent to such treatment.
IV.
ANALYSIS
Section 1325(a) of the Bankruptcy Code sets forth the conditions under which a court shall confirm a debtor’s chapter 13 plan. The conditions setting forth the treatment of secured claims are described in 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5). The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (“BAPCPA”) significantly amended the provisions of this subsection by adding requirement that “if ... property to be distributed pursuant to this subsection is in the form of periodic payments, such payments shall be in equal monthly amounts[.]”
This amendment was aimed at perceived abuses under the prior law. One court summarized them as such:
Prior to BAPCPA, it was not uncommon for some Chapter 13 plans to provide for backloaded payments, such as balloon payments. Another form of backloading involved graduated or step-up payment
plans, where the payments started out smaller and increased over time. Secured creditors, particularly those secured by a vehicle, viewed this as unfair, exposing them to undue risk in light of the constant depreciation of their collateral.
Other plans, filed by debtors whose employment is seasonal, provided for reduced payments or no payments at all during certain months of the year, or called for payments to be made quarterly or semi-annually, rather than monthly, based upon the peculiarities of the debtor’s income stream.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
MEMORANDUM OF DECISION
WILLIAM HILLMAN, Bankruptcy Judge.
I.
INTRODUCTION
The matters before the Court are Christopher J. and Lisa M. Melillos’ (the “Melil-los”) Motion for Reconsideration of Court’s Order Dated February 12, 2008 (the “Motion for Reconsideration”) and Dennis J. and Adele Haratsis Flynns’ (the “Flynns”) (collectively with the Melillos, the “Debtors”) Motion for Clarification and Extension of Time to Comply with Court’s Order Dated February 13, 2008 (the “Motion for Clarification”). In both cases, the Debtors seek reconsideration of the Court’s orders denying of confirmation of their respective Chapter 13 plans for failure to comply with the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) based upon proposed balloon payments.
For the reasons set forth below, I will enter an orders denying reconsideration.
II.
BACKGROUND
The Melillos
The Melillos filed their Chapter 13 petition on January 16, 2007. On June 27, 2007, they filed their First Amended Chapter 13 Plan (the “Melillos’ Plan”). The Melillos’ Plan provided for graduated payments as follows:
12 months @ $ 500.00 = $ 6,000.00
12 months @ $ 1,000.00 = $ 12,000.00
35 months @ $ 1,500.00 = $ 52,500.00
1 month @ $104,625.00 = $122,517.00
$193,017.00
The Melillos intended to fund the final balloon payment from either the sale or refinance of their principal residence or their Florida rental property. The Melil-los’ Plan proposed to cure $127,215.20 of arrears on five loans: an auto loan owed to United Auto Credit — Boston and four mortgages owed to Washington Mutual, Countrywide Home Loans, Old Centre Ventures, Inc., and the Sandy Bee Trust, respectively. Only the arrears on these secured claims would be paid through the plan, while the Melillos would maintain post-petition payments outside the plan.
On February 12, 2008, I entered an order denying confirmation of the Melillos’ Plan on the basis that the proposed graduated payment scheme with a final balloon payment did not comply with the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I). On February 20, 2008, the Melillos filed the Motion for Reconsideration asserting that 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) can be read as effecting only one secured creditor, and as no objections have been filed, that creditor has assented to this treatment.
On February 28, 2008, I took the matter under advisement.
The Flynns
The Flynns filed their Chapter 13 petition on August 30, 2007. On December 17, 2007, the Flynns filed their First Amended Chapter 13 Plan (the “Flynns’ Plan”). The Flynns’ Plan provides for fifty-nine payments of $550.00 per month and one payment of $37,716.00. The Flynns’ Plan contemplates that the lump sum payment will be funded by the Flynns borrowing against their retirement accounts. In their plan, the Flynns propose to pay $34,376.91 to Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. for pre-petition arrears and fees associated with their first mortgage, as well as $4,296.70 to the Town of Holliston for real estate taxes and water and sewer fees.
On February 13, 2008, I denied confirmation of the Flynns’ Plan as the final month balloon payment violated the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I). On February 20, 2008, the Flynns filed the Motion for Clarification seeking clarification of my February 13, 2008 order on the basis that no debt secured by personal or real property was effected by the Flynns’ Plan beyond the curing of arrears on a long-term debt. As the Motion for Clarification raised similar issues as the Melillos’ Motion for Reconsideration, I took it under advisement on February 28, 2008.
III.
POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES
In both cases, the Debtors raise essentially the same arguments in support of their respective plans.
In the Motion for Clarification, the Flynns cite
In re Davis
for the proposition that equal monthly payments are not required when the claim at issue is one in which arrears on a long term debt are being cured pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b)(5). Though not expressly stated by the Motion for Reconsideration, the Melillos also appear to rely on
Davis,
as they suggest I read the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) as effecting only one creditor, presumably the one creditor whose loan will mature during the term of the plan. Additionally, the Debtors assert that no creditors have filed objections to their respective plans based upon 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I), and therefore their silence can be deemed consent to such treatment.
IV.
ANALYSIS
Section 1325(a) of the Bankruptcy Code sets forth the conditions under which a court shall confirm a debtor’s chapter 13 plan. The conditions setting forth the treatment of secured claims are described in 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5). The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (“BAPCPA”) significantly amended the provisions of this subsection by adding requirement that “if ... property to be distributed pursuant to this subsection is in the form of periodic payments, such payments shall be in equal monthly amounts[.]”
This amendment was aimed at perceived abuses under the prior law. One court summarized them as such:
Prior to BAPCPA, it was not uncommon for some Chapter 13 plans to provide for backloaded payments, such as balloon payments. Another form of backloading involved graduated or step-up payment
plans, where the payments started out smaller and increased over time. Secured creditors, particularly those secured by a vehicle, viewed this as unfair, exposing them to undue risk in light of the constant depreciation of their collateral.
Other plans, filed by debtors whose employment is seasonal, provided for reduced payments or no payments at all during certain months of the year, or called for payments to be made quarterly or semi-annually, rather than monthly, based upon the peculiarities of the debtor’s income stream. Secured creditors had similar complaints with those plans.
Not unlike other amendments made by BAPCPA, this seemingly straightforward provision has generated considerable splits among the relatively few bankruptcy courts that have addressed its practical application.
I, however, need not fully define the parameters of “equal monthly payments” at this time because the Debtors’ plans fail under any definition.
While avoiding a tortuous parsing of the statute, a few conclusions are apparent. First, I understand 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) to require that a plan providing for periodic payments to a secured creditor have payments in an equal amounts from the time they begin until the time they cease. Second, it is logical and consistent with other provisions of the Bankruptcy Code to conclude that payments to a secured creditor need only continue until the claim is satisfied and not for the full life of the plan. Although
Collier on Bankruptcy
suggests that a single lump sum payment is not precluded by 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I),
it seems apparent that once periodic payments to that creditor commence, a subsequent balloon payment would be unequal to those that preceded it. The majority of bankruptcy courts that have addressed this is
sue have reached the same conclusion.
The
Davis
court, however, did not reach the same conclusion when addressing whether plan payments solely to cure a default on a long term debt under 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b)(5)
were subject to the “equal monthly payments” requirement.
In
Davis,
the court analyzed the interplay between 11 U.S.C. §§ 1322(b)(5) and 1325(a)(5) by examining the historical interaction of 11 U.S.C. §§ 1322(b) and 1325(a)(5).
It observed that the enactment of 11 U.S.C. § 1322(e) technically overruled the Supreme Court of the United States’s decision in
Rake v. Wade,
which held that oversecured creditors whose claims were modified by 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b) were entitled to pre- and post-confirmation interest on arrears paid through the plan even when the underlying contract and state law did not so provide.
The
Davis
court concluded that 11 U.S.C. § 1322(e) has the effect of overriding 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5) when arrears on a long term debt are cured under 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b)(5), and therefore, that the equal monthly payment provision of 11 U.S.C. 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) is inapplicable to the payment of arrears on a long term debt.
I disagree.
Section 1322(e) states that:
Notwithstanding subsection (b)(2) of this section and sections 506(b) and 1325(a)(5) of this title, if it is proposed in a plan to cure a default,
the amount necessary to cure the default,
shall be determined in accordance with the underlying agreement and applicable non-bankruptcy law.
While 11 U.S.C. § 1322(e) supercedes 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(ii) with respect to the amount necessary to cure the default, there is nothing in that provision to suggest that it renders 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5) completely inapplicable when arrears on a long term debt are cured through the plan. Section 1322(e) refers only to the “amount necessary to cure the default,” and not the manner in which it is cured.
Section 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I), however, provides that if property is to be distributed to the holder of an allowed secured claim in periodic payments, the payments must be in equal monthly amounts.
It does not speak to the total “amount necessary to cure the default.” As 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) was enacted in 2005, eleven years after 11 U.S.C. § 1322(e), Congress could easily have drafted the clause to be expressly inapplicable in curing arrears on a long term debt if it had so
intended. Moreover,
Davis
cites no authority to support such a blanket override.
I also note that no other court has extended
Davis’
reasoning while four others have either rejected or distinguished it.
Reliance on 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b)(5) is also misplaced for similar reasons. Section 1322(b)(5) is a discretionary provision with respect to the contents of a plan and merely states that a plan
may
provide for the curing of any default within a reasonable time and the maintenance of payments for a debt for which the last payment is due after the term of the plan. In contrast, 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a) is a mandatory provision with respect to confirmation and uses the phrase
“shall
confirm,” indicating that plans will only be confirmed if they comport to the requirements laid out in that section. Section 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I) does not preclude the curing of a default within a reasonable time or the maintenance of payments on a long term debt as it only controls the manner in which payments are made. Ultimately, “[sjection 1322(b)(5) just means that the entire secured claim need not be paid in full under certain circumstances allowing cure of default, but the claim is still an allowed secured claim.”
In the present cases, the Debtors’ proposed backloaded balloon payments are clearly unequal to the periodic payments that would precede them.
It is irrelevant that the Debtors seek only to cure their arrears through their respective plans, as the payments remain periodic payments made to secured creditors. The Bankruptcy Code simply does not provide an exception for this type of claim to be treated in this manner. As such, both plans violate the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(iii)(I).
In the alternative, the Debtors’ assert that I may construe their secured creditors’ lack of objection as consent, and therefore find the proposed treatments confirmable under 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(A).
As I recently stated in
In re Bethoney,
“even in the absence of objection by a creditor, the court has an affirmative duty to review [a Chapter 13 plan] and ensure its provisions comply with the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code.”
I held that I cannot infer a secured creditor’s consent to treatment
which is expressly prohibited by the Bankruptcy Code from a lack of an objection because “it has a reasonable expectation that I will not approve treatment which violates the Bankruptcy Code.”
Here, graduated payments and backloaded balloon payments in plans are exactly the proposed treatment Congress sought to prohibit. Accordingly, I cannot confirm either the Melillos’ Plan or the Flynns’ Plan.
Y.
CONCLUSION
In light of the foregoing, I will enter orders denying the Motion for Reconsideration and granting in part the Motion for Clarification,
and order the Debtors to file amended Chapter 13 plans within two weeks.