2017 IL App (2d) 160604 No. 2-16-0604 Opinion filed July 13, 2017 ______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
In re MARRIAGE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court AMY M. BRILL, ) of McHenry County. ) Petitioner-Appellee, ) ) and ) No. 15-DV-73 ) RANDY L. BRILL, ) Honorable ) Christopher M. Harmon, Respondent-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE McLAREN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Presiding Justice Hudson and Justice Jorgensen concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Respondent, Randy L. Brill, appeals from the McHenry County circuit court’s judgment
for dissolution of his marriage to petitioner, Amy M. Brill. Randy argues that the trial court
erred by (1) miscalculating Amy’s annual gross income for purposes of maintenance, (2)
incorrectly applying the statutory guidelines in calculating maintenance, (3) failing to impute
income to Amy for purposes of maintenance, (4) classifying as marital property Randy’s interest
in a house he bought with his girlfriend, and (5) valuing Randy’s interest in the house he bought
with his girlfriend and awarding Amy half that amount. For the following reasons, we affirm as
modified.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND 2017 IL App (2d) 160604
¶3 In July 1992, Amy and Randy were married in McHenry County. On January 30, 2015,
Amy filed a petition for dissolution of marriage. When Amy filed her petition, their son was 22
years old and their daughter was 25 years old. On May 17 and 18, 2016, the trial court heard
testimony and received into evidence numerous exhibits. After the hearing, the trial court
distributed the parties’ marital and nonmarital property and awarded Amy maintenance in the
amount of $1,840 a month for 96 months.
¶4 At the hearing, Amy testified as follows. She suffered from many health problems,
having been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, Barrett’s esophagus, hypertension,
hypercholesterolemia, and partial lipodystrophy. Amy had been diabetic for 20 years and used
an insulin pump. Her diabetes caused additional medical problems, including neuropathy, high
blood pressure, diabetic retinopathy, and portal vein hypertension. In 2014 Amy was
hospitalized twice, for pancreatitis and hypertriglyceridemia, for 9 or 10 days in May and for two
weeks in December. During the December hospitalization, she was in the intensive care unit.
Due to her illnesses, Amy was prescribed and took five medications daily.
¶5 Amy testified that she earned $23,000 a year at her current job, at Mercy Health Systems.
She worked between 32 and 37 hours a week and occasionally worked overtime. Amy could not
work more hours and take care of her health. Amy’s biweekly paystubs dated March 31, April
14, and April 28, 2016, were admitted into evidence, showing gross wages of approximately
$1,041, $1,260, and $1,033, respectively. Amy’s paystubs also showed that she was paid an
hourly rate of $13.61. Amy’s April 28, 2016, paystub showed year-to-date gross wages of
$9,006.
¶6 Amy began working at Mercy Health Systems in July 2015. Before that, she worked at
the Family Practice Center, in billing. Amy worked at the Family Practice Center from July
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2014 until the day after Christmas 2014, at an annual salary of $40,000. Amy was “terminated”
two weeks after her hospitalization in December 2014, because she “couldn’t learn the computer
system like they expected” her to, and, while she was in the hospital, “they outsourced her job.”
So, when Amy returned to work, her job was “no longer a full-time position.”
¶7 Before working at the Family Practice Center, Amy worked at Spinal Sports Rehab for 8
to 10 years, until she was terminated in June 2014, two weeks after she was hospitalized. Amy
did the billing and, when she was hospitalized, “the billing just basically stopped,” so her
employer “outsourced” the billing and terminated Amy.
¶8 Amy was content to stay at her current job because “they provide good health insurance,
which I’ve never had on my own before.” The other practices Amy worked for did not offer
health insurance benefits. Amy was currently covered by Randy’s health insurance. If she
continued to work at Mercy, she could obtain health insurance as an employee. Amy paid for
disability insurance through Mercy.
¶9 Amy received $1,000 a month in temporary maintenance from Randy. For
approximately the past two years, beginning about mid- to late 2014, she was “short” in paying
her bills by about $1,000. Her medications cost about $300 a month. Amy’s hospital bills were
“astronomical” and, although she made small payments on them, most of them were in
collection. Because she needed a special diet due to her illnesses, her grocery bill was about
$800 a month. Amy’s parents helped pay her bills, including for rent, medications, a new insulin
pump, travel to Iowa to attend the parties’ son’s graduation, work uniforms, moving expenses,
and groceries. Amy’s parents did not support Amy while she and Randy were “together.” Amy
did not think that she could get a job making more money, because she did not know the new
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billing and medical-coding systems and she could not work more hours while taking care of her
health. At her current job at Mercy, Amy was a receptionist.
¶ 10 During cross-examination, Amy testified that she owed her parents “a lot of money.”
The “debts” section of her financial affidavit, however, did not list any money owed to her
parents. Amy’s parents “possibly” had provided her with $30,000, or about $1,875 a month, in
the past 16 months.
¶ 11 Steven Crowley, Amy’s father, testified as follows. In the past 18 months, Crowley had
provided Amy with approximately $34,536, of which $32,387 was loans and $2,149 was gifts.
Amy did not sign promissory notes for the loans, but Crowley believed that she would pay him
back when she was “capable.”
¶ 12 Randy testified as follows. Randy had worked as an estimator and project manager for
the same company for the past 20 years and currently earned $91,000 a year. Randy and his
girlfriend, Stephanie Bailey, closed on a house located in Island Lake (the Island Lake house) in
April 2015. The down payment for the house came from Stephanie’s 401(k) account. Randy did
not contribute any money to the down payment. The outstanding mortgage on the house was
approximately $320,000. Randy opined that the current value of the house was approximately
$300,000, based on a listing of an “exact same house” in the same subdivision that he believed
was listed for under $320,000 and had been on the market for “quite a while.”
¶ 13 During cross-examination, Randy testified that on his financial affidavit he valued the
Island Lake house at $350,000.
¶ 14 During redirect examination, Randy testified that he and Stephanie had “an arrangement”
that when the Island Lake house was sold Stephanie would receive her 401(k) money back. If
there were proceeds left over, she and Randy would split them “50/50.”
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¶ 15 Stephanie testified as follows. Stephanie and Randy lived together in the Island Lake
house, which they owned together. An agreement for the purchase of the Island Lake house was
admitted into evidence. The agreement was signed by Stephanie and Randy in August 2014 and
showed $17,860 in deposits and down payments on the house. Stephanie testified that the
$17,860 came from her 401(k) account; Randy provided none of it. A “HUD Settlement
Statement” was admitted into evidence. The statement indicated that Stephanie and Randy
closed on the house in April 2015, and it showed deposits and down payments totaling $17,860.
Stephanie and Randy shared a joint checking account. They deposited their paychecks into that
account and paid the household bills from it. Randy paid half of the mortgage payments on the
Island Lake house.
¶ 16 During cross-examination, Stephanie testified that she deposited the funds from her
401(k) account into her and Randy’s joint checking account. The Island Lake house was a
single-family ranch house and cost $355,000. In August 2014, before Stephanie had received the
money from her 401(k) account, Stephanie and Randy paid the first earnest-money deposit of
$2,000 from their joint checking account. In September 2014, Stephanie and Randy paid the
$16,860 balance of the earnest money out of their joint checking account.
¶ 17 During Stephanie’s redirect examination, statements and cancelled checks from
Stephanie’s and Randy’s joint checking account, and checks issued to Stephanie from her 401(k)
account fund manager, Charles Schwab (Schwab), were admitted into evidence. A Schwab
check stub dated August 27, 2014, indicated that a check was issued to Stephanie in the amount
of $18,000. The bank statements showed that on September 3, 2014, $18,000 was deposited into
Stephanie’s and Randy’s joint checking account. A check in the amount of $16,860, dated
September 6, 2014, was made payable to the builder of the Island Lake house. Stephanie
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testified that this check was for the second earnest-money payment. The bank statements also
showed that on March 24, 2015, $25,000 was deposited into the joint account. Stephanie
testified that the source of the money was her 401(k) account. The bank statements also showed
two separate withdrawals on April 23, 2015, for $3,000 and $14,000. Stephanie testified that
“they” needed the $3,000 because “they” were originally told to bring $14,000 to the closing and
then “they” were told to bring $17,000.
¶ 18 On July 7, 2016, the trial court issued a “Memorandum Decision and Order” containing a
summation of the evidence, the court’s findings of fact, and its rulings regarding, inter alia, the
classification and distribution of assets and the duration and amount of maintenance awarded to
Amy.
¶ 19 Regarding the Island Lake house, the trial court found that Randy’s undivided one-half
interest in that property was marital property. The trial court stated that the evidence established:
“[A]lthough all the deposits utilized for the purchase of the home came from Randy and
Stephanie’s joint bank account, the source of all the funds originated from Stephanie.
*** That said, the testimony presented and exhibits received into evidence also
established that Randy’s paychecks are deposited into his and Stephanie’s joint bank
account, Randy pays his one-half (1/2) share of the mortgage from their joint bank
account ***. Additionally[,] there was no clear and convincing evidence *** which
would establish that the funds provided by Stephanie for the purchase of the home were
intended to be a gift to Randy.”
¶ 20 Therefore, the trial court found that Randy failed to rebut the presumption that the Island
Lake house—acquired during the course of the marriage—was marital property. The trial court
found that the value of Randy’s 50% undivided interest in the Island Lake house was $13,500,
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based on the purchase price of $355,000 minus the outstanding mortgage of $328,000, which
totals $27,000, 50% of which equals $13,500. The trial court awarded Amy $6,750, representing
50% of Randy’s interest in the Island Lake house.
¶ 21 Regarding maintenance, the trial court considered the factors provided in section 504(a)
of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Act). 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2016).
The trial court found that Amy earned an approximate gross annual income of $26,135 while
Randy earned $91,000. The trial court stated:
“Based upon the formula set forth in Section 504(b-1), the statutory amount of
maintenance awarded to Amy per month is $1,840.00 for a duration of 270 months. The
Court heard no credible evidence, nor received any exhibits into evidence, which would
compel the Court to deviate from the statutory formula it is required to utilize in making
the determination for the monthly amount of maintenance.
Regarding the 270-month duration of maintenance pursuant to the formula set
forth in Section 504(b-1)(1)(B), the Court finds it appropriate to deviate from the
statutory guidelines based upon the testimony presented and exhibits entered into
evidence including, but not limited to, the relative young age of the parties; the allocation
of the marital property and assignment of the marital debt; Amy’s marginal
underemployment and her proven ability to earn an approximate gross annual income of
$39,600.00, the financial assistance which Amy received(s) from her parents; as well as
the other statutory factors set forth in Section 504 of the [Act].
Based upon the foregoing, the Court awards to Amy reviewable maintenance at
the properly calculated monthly amount pursuant to Section 504(b-1) of $1,840.00 for a
duration of ninety-six (96) months from Randy ***.”
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¶ 22 On July 26, 2016, the trial court entered the judgment dissolving the parties’ marriage.
Randy filed a notice of appeal on July 29, 2016.
¶ 23 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 24 A. Maintenance
¶ 25 Randy argues that the trial court’s maintenance award of $1,840 per month was an abuse
of discretion and that its findings were against the manifest weight of the evidence. Specifically,
Randy contends that the trial court erred (1) by finding that Amy’s gross yearly income was
approximately $26,135, (2) by incorrectly applying the guidelines in section 504(b-1)(1)(A) of
the Act (750 ILCS 5/504(b-1)(1)(A) (West 2016)) in calculating maintenance, and (3) by failing
to impute income to Amy because she has failed to take advantage of employment opportunities.
¶ 26 Generally, a trial court’s award of maintenance is presumed to be correct. In re Marriage
of Nord, 402 Ill. App. 3d 288, 292 (2010). The amount of a maintenance award lies within the
sound discretion of the trial court, and this court must not reverse that decision unless it is an
abuse of discretion. In re Marriage of Schneider, 214 Ill. 2d 152, 173 (2005). A court abuses its
discretion where its findings are arbitrary or fanciful (Blum v. Koster, 235 Ill. 2d 21, 36 (2009)),
or where no reasonable person would agree with its position (Schneider, 214 Ill. 2d at 173).
¶ 27 Section 504(a) of the Act provides that, in a proceeding for dissolution of marriage, a trial
court “may grant a maintenance award for either spouse in amounts and for periods of time as
the court deems just.” 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2016). Section 504(a) lists several factors that a
trial court must consider, where relevant, when determining a maintenance award: (1) the income
and property of each party, including the marital property apportioned and the nonmarital
property assigned to the party seeking maintenance; (2) the needs of each party; (3) the present
and future earning capacity of each party; (4) any impairment of the realistic present and future
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earning capacity of the party seeking maintenance due to that party’s devoting time to domestic
duties or having forgone or delayed education or training, employment, or career opportunities
due to the marriage; (5) any impairment of the realistic present or future earning capacity of the
party against whom maintenance is sought; (6) the time necessary to enable the party seeking
maintenance to acquire appropriate education, training, and employment, and whether that party
is able to support himself or herself through appropriate employment; (7) the standard of living
established during the marriage; (8) the duration of the marriage; (9) the age, health, occupation,
amount and sources of income, employability, and liabilities of each party; (10) all sources of
public and private income, including, without limitation, disability and retirement income; (11)
the tax consequences of the property division; (12) the contributions and services by the party
seeking maintenance to the education, training, or career potential of the other party; (13) any
valid agreement between the parties; and (14) any other factor that the trial court finds just and
equitable. Id.
¶ 28 Trial courts have wide latitude in considering which factors should be used in
determining reasonable needs, and the court is not limited to the factors listed in the statute. In
re Marriage of Brankin, 2012 IL App (2d) 110203, ¶ 10. No single factor is determinative of the
propriety of a maintenance award once it has been determined that an award is appropriate. Id.
¶ 29 Randy contends that the trial court’s finding that Amy’s gross yearly income was
approximately $26,135 was against the manifest weight of the evidence because (1) the trial
court miscalculated Amy’s wages, using her three most recent paystubs, and (2) the trial court
failed to include approximately $15,349 a year that Amy received from her parents.
¶ 30 When, as here, a party challenges a trial court’s factual findings regarding maintenance,
we will not reverse those findings unless they were against the manifest weight of the evidence.
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See Nord, 402 Ill. App. 3d at 294. Findings are “against the manifest weight of the evidence
where the opposite conclusion is clearly evident or where the court’s findings are unreasonable,
arbitrary, and not based on any of the evidence.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.
¶ 31 Randy argues that the trial court’s finding that Amy’s gross annual income was
approximately $26,135 has no basis in the evidence. Randy contends that the three paystubs
Amy submitted to the court showed an average of $1,111.40 per two-week pay period, which,
multiplied by 26 pay periods, would constitute a gross annual income of $28,896.40. Randy
argues in the alternative that, if Amy’s gross pay as shown on her April 28, 2016, pay stub
represents her pay through one-third of the year, multiplying by three would show a gross annual
income of $27,018.
¶ 32 Although Randy’s alternative calculations of Amy’s gross annual income might be
reasonable, that does not mean that the trial court’s finding was against the manifest weight of
the evidence. The trial court’s finding that Amy’s gross annual income was approximately
$26,135 was supported by the evidence. Amy testified that she earned $23,000 a year at her
current job at Mercy Health Systems. Amy’s paystubs indicated that her hourly rate was $13.61.
Amy also testified that she was scheduled to work between 32 and 37 hours a week and that,
although she occasionally worked overtime, she could not work more hours and take care of her
health. If Amy worked 37 hours a week for 50 weeks, her gross annual income would be
$25,178.50. Thus, the trial court’s finding that Amy’s gross annual income was $26,135 was not
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 33 Next, Randy argues that, when calculating Amy’s gross annual income, the trial court
should have included the approximately $15,349 a year Amy received from her parents. Randy
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argues that the money Amy received from her parents must be considered income for purposes
of maintenance, regardless of whether the money represented gifts or loans.
¶ 34 Randy correctly notes that section 504(b-3) of the Act provides that “the term ‘gross
income’ means all income from all sources.” 750 ILCS 5/504(b-3) (West 2016). The Act does
not define “gross income” or “income.” But in In re Marriage of Rogers, 213 Ill. 2d 129 (2004),
our supreme court explained that “income” means “ ‘something that comes in as an increment or
addition ***: a gain or *** recurrent benefit that is usu[ally] measured in money ***: the value
of goods and services received by an individual in a given period of time’ ” and “ ‘[t]he money
or other form of payment that one receives, usu[ally] periodically, from employment, business,
investments, royalties, gifts and the like.’ ” Id. at 136-37 (quoting Webster’s Third New
International Dictionary 1143 (1986) and Black’s Law Dictionary 778 (8th ed. 2004)).
¶ 35 In Rogers, the supreme court ruled that monetary gifts are to be considered income for
purposes of child support and that all of the funds in question constituted gifts. Id. at 137. But,
contrary to Randy’s assertion, the supreme court did not reach the issue of whether loans
qualified as income. Id. at 140; see also In re Marriage of Tegeler, 365 Ill. App. 3d 448, 458
(2006) (stating that in Rogers the supreme court did not reach the issue of whether loans would
qualify as income for purposes of child support).
¶ 36 In Tegeler, this court stated, “in general, loans should not be considered income.”
(Emphasis in original.) Tegeler, 365 Ill. App. 3d at 458. We reasoned that the Black’s definition
of “ ‘income’ quoted by the supreme court in Rogers *** specifically includes gifts as income
but does not mention loans.” Id. (citing Rogers, 213 Ill. 2d at 137). We explained that, “[m]ore
significantly, loans typically should not be counted as income because they usually do not
directly increase an individual’s wealth.” Id.
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¶ 37 Here, the trial court found that Amy’s parents’ financial contributions were almost
entirely loans. This finding was supported by the evidence. Amy testified that she owed her
parents about $30,000 and that her parents had loaned her about $1,875 a month. Amy testified
that she needed the money for rent, medical bills, medical equipment, food, and moving
expenses. Amy’s father testified that, in the past 18 months, he had given Amy approximately
$34,536; he designated approximately $32,387 as loans and $2,149 as gifts. Amy’s father also
testified that, although he did not have Amy sign any promissory notes, he believed that Amy
would pay him back when she was capable. Accordingly, the trial court’s finding that Amy’s
parents’ financial assistance qualified as loans, and thus was not income, was not against the
manifest weight of the evidence. Thus, the trial court properly excluded these loans when
calculating Amy’s gross annual income.
¶ 38 Randy cites Rogers to support his argument. However, as noted above, in Rogers, the
supreme court did not reach the issue of whether loans qualified as income. Rogers, 213 Ill. 2d
at 140. Thus, Rogers is not dispositive here.
¶ 39 Randy also argues that the trial court erred in calculating statutory maintenance pursuant
to section 504(b-1)(1)(A) of the Act. Section 504(b-1)(1) provides:
“(b-1) Amount and duration of maintenance. If the court determines that a
maintenance award is appropriate, the court shall order maintenance in accordance with
either paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection (b-1):
(1) Maintenance award in accordance with guidelines. In situations when
the combined gross income of the parties is less than $250,000 and the payor has
no obligation to pay child support or maintenance or both from a prior
relationship, maintenance payable after the date the parties’ marriage is dissolved
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shall be in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph (1),
unless the court makes a finding that the application of the guidelines would be
inappropriate.
(A) The amount of maintenance under this paragraph (1) shall be
calculated by taking 30% of the payor’s gross income minus 20% of the
payee’s gross income. The amount calculated as maintenance, however,
when added to the gross income of the payee, may not result in the payee
receiving an amount that is in excess of 40% of the combined gross
income of the parties.
(B) The duration of an award under this paragraph (1) shall be
calculated by multiplying the length of the marriage at the time the action
was commenced by whichever of the following factors applies: 5 years or
less (.20); more than 5 years but less than 10 years (.40); 10 years or more
but less than 15 years (.60); or 15 years or more but less than 20 years
(.80). For a marriage of 20 or more years, the court, in its discretion, shall
order either permanent maintenance or maintenance for a period equal to
the length of the marriage.” 750 ILCS 5/504(b-1)(1) (West 2016).
¶ 40 In construing a statute, our primary goal is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the
legislature. MidAmerica Bank, FSB v. Charter One Bank, FSB, 232 Ill. 2d 560, 565 (2009). The
best evidence of the legislature’s intent is the language in the statute, given its plain and ordinary
meaning. In re Marriage of Turk, 2014 IL 116730, ¶ 15. Statutory construction is a question of
law, which we review de novo. See id. ¶ 14.
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¶ 41 Here, there is no dispute that the parties’ combined gross income was less than $250,000.
The trial court found that Randy’s and Amy’s annual gross incomes were $91,000 and $26,135
respectively, for a combined gross income of $117,135. Further, Randy had no obligation to pay
child support or maintenance from a prior relationship. Therefore, absent a finding that the
application of the guidelines would be inappropriate, the trial court’s maintenance award, in
amount and duration, was required “to be in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (B)” of
section 504(b-1)(1). 750 ILCS 5/504(b-1)(1) (West 2016).
¶ 42 Regarding the amount of maintenance, Randy contends that the trial court erred by failing
to apply the 40% cap provided in the second sentence of section 504(b-1)(1)(A). Amy counters
that the trial court did not err if her gross annual income was $23,200.
¶ 43 Initially, we note that the trial court expressly found that Amy’s gross annual income was
$26,135. Further, the trial court awarded Amy maintenance in the amount of $1,840 per month
for 96 months, stating that it had “properly calculated [the] monthly amount pursuant to Section
504(b-1).”
¶ 44 It appears from the record that the trial court calculated the amount of maintenance by
applying the formula provided in only the first sentence of section 504(b-1)(1)(A), which
provides, “The amount of maintenance *** shall be calculated by taking 30% of the payor’s
gross income minus 20% of the payee’s gross income.” 750 ILCS 5/504(b-1)(1)(A) (West
2016). The trial court found that Randy’s gross income was $91,000 (30% = $27,300) and that
Amy’s gross income was $26,135 (20% = $5,227). Subtracting $5,227 from $27,300 equals
$22,073 (or approximately $1,840 a month).
¶ 45 The record thus supports Randy’s contention that the trial court failed to apply the second
sentence of section 504(b-1)(1)(A), which caps maintenance in the following manner:
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“The amount calculated as maintenance, however, when added to the gross income of the
payee, may not result in the payee receiving an amount that is in excess of 40% of the
combined gross income of the parties.” Id.
¶ 46 Here, the trial court’s award exceeds the 40% cap. According to the record and the trial
court’s findings, 40% of the parties’ combined gross annual income is $46,854. However, the
trial court awarded Amy $1,840 per month or $22,080 annually, and her maintenance added to
her gross annual income equals $48,215.
¶ 47 To be clear, section 504(b-1)(1) does not mandate strict compliance with these formulas
in every case. Rather, the statute provides that the guidelines must be followed “unless the court
makes a finding that the application of the guidelines would be inappropriate.” 750 ILCS
5/504(b-1)(1) (West 2016). Here, as to the duration of maintenance, the trial court deviated
downward from the guideline set forth in section 504(b-1)(1)(B), from 270 to 96 months. In
doing so, the trial court properly made findings in support of this deviation.
¶ 48 Regarding the amount of maintenance, however, the trial court found no evidence to
support a deviation from the guideline set forth in section 504(b-1). The trial court applied the
formula provided in the first sentence of section 504(b-1)(1)(A) but failed to apply the 40% cap
required by the second sentence. Accordingly, pursuant to our authority under Illinois Supreme
Court Rule 366(a)(5) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994), we reduce the trial court’s award of maintenance to
$1,727 per month.
¶ 49 Next, Randy argues that the trial court erred in calculating maintenance by failing to
impute income to Amy due to her underemployment. The trial court’s downward deviation from
the statutory guideline of 270 months to 96 months was due in part to “Amy’s marginal under-
employment and her proven ability to earn an approximate gross annual income of $39,600.”
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Thus, the trial court considered Amy’s underemployment and greatly limited the duration of
Randy’s maintenance obligation. Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion
regarding this issue.
¶ 50 B. Distribution of Marital Property
¶ 51 Randy argues that the trial court erred by classifying as marital property Randy’s interest
in the Island Lake house. Randy contends that his interest in the house was a gift, and therefore
nonmarital, because it was purchased with funds from Stephanie’s 401(k) account.
¶ 52 It is undisputed that Randy acquired his interest in the Island Lake house during the
parties’ marriage. Accordingly, the interest is presumptively marital. 750 ILCS 5/503(b) (West
2016) (property acquired by either spouse during the marriage is presumed to be marital property
regardless of how title is actually held); see also In re Marriage of Dann, 2012 IL App (2d)
100343, ¶ 74. This presumption includes property held solely in one party’s name. 750 ILCS
5/503(b) (West 2016); see also In re Marriage of Foster, 2014 IL App (1st) 123078, ¶ 69. To
overcome the presumption that his interest in the house was marital Randy had to produce clear
and convincing evidence that he acquired his interest by one of the means specified in section
503(a) of the Act. Foster, 2014 IL App (1st) 123078, ¶ 74. At trial, Randy relied on section
503(a)(1) of the Act, which provides that nonmarital property includes “property acquired by
gift.” 750 ILCS 5/503(a)(1) (West 2016). But the trial court found that Randy’s interest in the
house was not a gift and therefore was marital property. We will not disturb the trial court’s
classification of property unless the decision was against the manifest weight of the evidence. In
re Marriage of Romano, 2012 IL App (2d) 091339, ¶ 44.
¶ 53 Randy urges us to review de novo the trial court’s classification of the Island Lake house
as marital property. Randy cites In re Marriage of Joynt, 375 Ill. App. 3d 817 (2007), to support
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his argument. In Joynt, the facts were undisputed. Id. at 819. But in this case the parties dispute
whether Randy’s interest in the Island Lake house was a gift from Stephanie. Thus, Joynt is
distinguishable from this case.
¶ 54 A “gift” is defined as a “ ‘voluntary, gratuitous transfer of property by one to another,’ ”
and it is “ ‘essential to a gift that it should be without consideration.’ ” Provena Covenant
Medical Center v. Department of Revenue, 236 Ill. 2d 368, 401 (2010) (quoting Martin v.
Martin, 202 Ill. 382, 388 (1903)); see also In re Marriage of Agazim, 147 Ill. App. 3d 646, 648-
49 (1986) (defining a “gift” as “a voluntary, gratuitous transfer of property by one to another
where the donor evidences an intent to make such a gift and absolutely and irrevocably delivers
the property to the donee”); Black’s Law Dictionary 619 (5th ed. 1979) (“[a gift] is a voluntary
transfer of property to another made gratuitously and without consideration”).
¶ 55 The facts support the trial court’s finding that the money provided by Stephanie for the
purchase of the house was not intended to be a gift to Randy. “A gift to a donee is not shown
unless the donor has relinquished all present and future dominion and power over the subject
matter of the gift.” Hall v. Country Casualty Insurance Co., 204 Ill. App. 3d 756, 778 (1990).
Randy testified that he and Stephanie had “an arrangement” that when the house was sold
Stephanie would receive her 401(k) money back and, if any proceeds remained, she and Randy
would split them. Because Stephanie did not absolutely and irrevocably relinquish future
dominion of the 401(k) money used to purchase the house, the money was not a gift to Randy.
Further, neither Stephanie nor Randy testified that the money was a gift to Randy. Accordingly,
the trial court’s finding that Randy’s interest in the Island Lake house was marital was not
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¶ 56 Next, Randy argues that the trial court erred by valuing his interest in the Island Lake
house at $13,500. Generally, the valuation of a marital asset is an issue of fact, and the trial
court’s ruling will not be disturbed unless it was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
See In re Marriage of Hubbs, 363 Ill. App. 3d 696, 699-700 (2006). Decisions concerning the
distribution of marital property lie within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be
disturbed absent an abuse of that discretion. Joynt, 375 Ill. App. 3d at 822. The Act does not
require the trial court to distribute property with mathematical equality; rather, “[t]he touchstone
of proper apportionment is whether it is equitable in nature.” In re Marriage of Drury, 317 Ill.
App. 3d 201, 211 (2000).
¶ 57 Here, the trial court found that the equity in the house was $27,000: the difference
between what Randy and Stephanie paid for the house, $355,000, and the principal balance on
their mortgage, $328,000. The trial court then found that half of the equity, $13,500, was marital
property and awarded Amy half of that, $6,750.
¶ 58 Randy contends that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding Amy any part of the
equity in the Island Lake house, because all of the equity in the house belongs solely to
Stephanie, as she contributed all of the down payment from her 401(k) account and Randy and
Stephanie agreed that Stephanie would get her 401(k) money back before Randy would be
entitled to any money from the home.
¶ 59 We disagree with Randy. Randy presumes that the house would be sold and that his
purported agreement with Stephanie would be enforceable. There is a dearth of evidence
supporting the agreement. We recognize that Randy testified that he and Stephanie had the
agreement. But Randy did not testify as to how, when, or where this purported agreement was
entered into or when or whether he and Stephanie agreed to sell the house. Further, the record
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contains no testimony from Stephanie regarding the agreement, no written agreement, and no
evidence of a lien against the property. The record contains evidence that the fair market value
of the house was $355,000 and that the balance on the mortgage was $328,000. Therefore, we
cannot say that the trial court erred in finding that the value of Randy’s interest in the house was
half of the equity in the house, or $13,500, and awarding half of that to Amy.
¶ 60 Randy also argues that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding Amy any part of
the equity when Amy contributed nothing to the house. Randy correctly notes that one of the
factors a trial court is to consider when distributing marital property is each party’s contribution
to the acquisition or increase in value of the marital property. See 750 ILCS 5/503(d)(1) (West
2016).
¶ 61 Initially, we note that Stephanie is not a party here. Thus, the trial court was not required
to consider her contribution to the acquisition of the Island Lake house. Further, a party’s
“financial contribution to the acquisition of marital assets is only one of several factors to be
considered by the trial court in determining the equitable distribution of marital assets.” In re
Marriage of Lee, 246 Ill. App. 3d 628, 638 (1993) (rejecting the husband’s claim that the trial
court’s awarding the wife a greater percentage of the marital assets was an abuse of discretion
simply because he made a greater financial contribution to the acquisition of the assets). A
party’s greater financial contribution might support a disproportionate property award in favor of
the contributing spouse. See, e.g., In re Marriage of Jones, 187 Ill. App. 3d 206 (1989); In re
Marriage of Guntren, 141 Ill. App. 3d 1 (1986). But “a spouse’s greater financial contributions
do not necessarily entitle him or her to a greater share of the marital assets.” In re Marriage of
Scoville, 233 Ill. App. 3d 746, 758 (1992). When dividing marital property, a trial court must
consider all relevant factors listed in section 503(d) of the Act, including “the duration of the
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marriage” and each party’s age, health, occupation, amount and sources of income, and needs.
750 ILCS 5/503(d)(4), (d)(8) (West 2016).
¶ 62 Considering the 22½-year duration of the marriage and Amy’s significant health issues,
we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding Amy $6,750, representing
half of Randy’s interest in, or the marital portion of, the Island Lake house.
¶ 63 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 64 We affirm the trial court’s judgment but, pursuant to our authority under Rule 366(a)(5),
we modify the judgment to reflect an award of maintenance in the amount of $1,727 a month.
¶ 65 Affirmed as modified.
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