In re Lowery

203 B.R. 587, 1996 Bankr. LEXIS 1624, 1996 WL 738996
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, D. Maryland
DecidedDecember 20, 1996
DocketBankruptcy No. 95-1-7261-DK
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 203 B.R. 587 (In re Lowery) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, D. Maryland primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re Lowery, 203 B.R. 587, 1996 Bankr. LEXIS 1624, 1996 WL 738996 (Md. 1996).

Opinion

ORDER DENYING SALE OF PROPERTY

DUNCAN W. KEIR, Bankruptcy Judge.

Barbara Lowery (“Movant”) filed a motion requesting the Court to authorize the sale of Gene Lowery’s (“Debtor”) interest in two parcels of real property (“Property”). The Property is described as 9.5 acres of raw land located in Alleghany County, and a residence located at 21611 Slidell Road, Boyds, Maryland. For the reasons set forth herein, this motion is denied.

The Property is held jointly by the Movant and the Debtor. When the Debtor filed for bankruptcy on November 17, 1995, the Property was held by the parties as tenants by the entirety. Although the Debtor’s interest in the Property became part of the bankruptcy estate pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1), it was exempted as to non-joint creditors pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 522(b)(2)(B). Sumy v. Schlossberg, 777 F.2d 921, 925 (4th Cir.1985); Greenblatt v. Ford, 638 F.2d 14 (4th Cir.1981). On June 17, 1996, the parties were granted a divorce by the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland (“Circuit Court”). The Order granting divorce provides for the appointment of a trustee to sell the Property upon approval of this Bankruptcy Court.

The Movant requests this Court’s authorization for the sale of the Debtor’s interest in the Property. Movant asserts that upon issuance of the final divorce Order, the Movant and Debtor no longer owned the Property as tenants by the entirety, but instead as tenants in common. Movant further asserts that the Debtor’s interest as tenant in common is property of the bankruptcy estate subject to the jurisdiction of this Court. Hence, Movant asks this Court to allow a non-debtor movant to sell the Property. The Debtor opposes Movant’s motion on the grounds that this Court does not have jurisdiction to order the sale of Movant’s interest in the Property.

The issue before this Court is whether the Court may authorize the sale of a Chapter 13 debtor’s interest in property held by a debtor and non-debtor at the time of the bankruptcy filing as tenants by the entirety, at the request of the non-debtor after the parties subsequently divorce. The power of this Court to authorize such a sale depends first on what interest, if any, the bankruptcy estate has in a debtor’s interest in such property after a divorce. If the bankruptcy estate does have an interest in such property, this Court must then determine if it has the power to authorize the sale of such property at the request of the non-debtor party.

For the reasons set forth below, this Court finds that the Debtor’s interest in the Property following the divorce is part of the bankruptcy estate. In Maryland, a tenancy by the entirety converts into a tenancy in common upon the dissolution of marriage. Tucker v. Dudley, 223 Md. 467, 164 A.2d 891 (1960); Hall v. Hall, 32 Md.App. 863, 362 A.2d 648, 659 (1976). Therefore, pursuant to Maryland law, the Debtor’s divorce converted his interest in the Property held as tenant by the entirety to an interest held as tenant in common. Upon the conversion of the tenancies, the Debtor either acquired a new interest in property at the time of conversion, or instead, maintained his old interest in converted form. In either case, the Debtor’s interest in the Property as tenant in common is part of the bankruptcy estate.

The severance of the tenancy by the entirety does not create a newly acquired property interest. This conclusion is consistent with the holding of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in In re [589]*589Ballard, 65 F.3d 367 (4th Cir.1995). In Ballard, the debtor and his co-debtor wife filed under Chapter 11. The filing was later converted to Chapter 7. Before the case was converted, upon request of the debtors in possession the Court authorized a sale of property held by the debtors as tenants by the entirety. The Court stated that the sale proceeds continued to be held as tenants by the entirety. After the sale of the property, but before the case was converted, the co-debtor wife died. Because applicable state law allowed only joint creditors to reach property held by the entirety, the issue arose as to whether this restriction extended to the sale proceeds after the death of one of the parties. See Ragsdale v. Genesco, Inc., 674 F.2d 277, 279 (4th Cir.1989). The Fourth Circuit held that it did not. In re Ballard, 65 F.3d at 371. The Court reasoned that by operation of state law, the whole estate of the entireties remained in the debtor by virtue of the right of survivorship. This interest was not a newly acquired interest, but rather was a result of the original interest the debtor held. Id. at 371. Further, although the severance of the entireties estate did not vest the debtor with a new interest in property, the severance did lift the protections against the property interest the debtor held by virtue of the entireties status. The Court stated that:

Of course, we recognize that the unique character of entireties property is such that the death of one spouse does not vest the other with interests he or she did not already hold. The termination of cover-ture does, however, extinguish the “separate and distinct” juristic personality that underlies those restrictions on alienation unique to entireties property. Thus, Mrs. Ballard’s death released her surviving spouse, and thus, his bankruptcy estate, from all conditions of the tenancy conceived to preserve unity of entireties property.

Id. at 371-72 (citations omitted).

The Ballard opinion stands for the proposition that the severance of a tenancy by the entirety upon the death of a co-owner extinguishes the protections that the Bankruptcy Code offers such tenancies under 11 U.S.C. § 522(b)(2)(B). The property does not leave or reenter the estate, but instead remains with the debtor in converted form.

Under the same reasoning, where an interest in property is held as a tenant by the entirety and that interest is transformed upon divorce to an interest held as a tenant in common, the debtor’s tenant in common interest also remains in the estate. In Ballard, the tenancy by the entirety status was severed by death under Virginia law. Similarly in this case, the tenancy by the entirety was severed by divorce under Maryland law. Tucker v. Dudley, 223 Md. 467, 164 A.2d 891 (Md.1960); Hall v. Hall, 32 Md.App. 363, 384, 362 A.2d 648, 659 (1976).

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
203 B.R. 587, 1996 Bankr. LEXIS 1624, 1996 WL 738996, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-lowery-mdb-1996.