FILED
FEB 27 2015
1 NOT FOR PUBLICATION SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
2 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
3 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL 4 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT 5 In re: ) BAP Nos. CC-14-1226-KuDKi ) CC-14-1299-KuDKi 6 JOSEPH DEBILIO, ) (related appeals)
)
7 Debtor. ) Bk. No. 09-23812 ______________________________)
8 )
JOSEPH DEBILIO; JOHN STEWART, )
9 )
Appellants, )
10 )
v. ) MEMORANDUM* 11 )
JEFFREY IAN GOLDEN, Chapter 7 )
12 Trustee; VIBIANA DEBILIO, )
)
13 Appellees. )
______________________________)
14 Argued and Submitted on February 19, 2015 15 at Los Angeles, California 16 Filed – February 27, 2015 17 Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California 18 Honorable Erithe A. Smith, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding 19 20 Appearances: David Bruce Dimitruk argued for appellants Joseph DeBilio and John Stewart; David Edward Hays of 21 Marshack Hays LLP argued for appellee Vibiana DeBilio**
22 23 Before: KURTZ, DUNN and KIRSCHER, Bankruptcy Judges. 24
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
25 Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may 26 have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value.
See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
27
**
Appellee Jeffrey Ian Golden, chapter 7 trustee has not 28 actively participated in this appeal.
1 INTRODUCTION 2 In debtor Joseph DeBilio’s bankruptcy case, the chapter 71 3 trustee Jeffrey Golden filed a motion seeking approval of a 4 settlement and sale between the bankruptcy estate and Vibiana 5 DeBilio, Joseph’s former spouse.2 The bankruptcy court granted 6 the motion, and Joseph appealed. 7 While Joseph’s appeal from the sale/settlement order was 8 pending, Joseph recorded notices of pending actions – or lis 9 pendens – based on the DeBilios’ state court marital dissolution 10 proceedings. By recording the lis pendens, Joseph asserted a 11 continuing interest in a number of parcels of real property even 12 though the chapter 7 trustee had sold the estate’s interest in 13 those parcels in accordance with the sale/settlement order. 14 In response to the lis pendens, Vibiana commenced civil 15 contempt proceedings in the bankruptcy court against Joseph and 16 his counsel John Stewart. Ultimately, the court found Joseph and 17 Stewart in contempt of court, awarded civil contempt sanctions 18 and attorney fees, and expunged the lis pendens. Joseph and 19 Stewart filed two new appeals which collectively challenged all 20 of these rulings. 21 In September 2014, the Panel issued a decision disposing of 22 the first appeal – the appeal from the sale/settlement order. 23 The panel vacated that order. Because the bankruptcy court’s 24
1
Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section 25 references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, and 26 all "Rule" references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Rules 1001-9037.
27
2
For ease of reference, we refer to the DeBilios by their 28 first names. No disrespect is intended.
3
1 contempt finding, its sanctions award, its fee award and its 2 expungement of the lis pendens all were founded on the vacated 3 sale/settlement order, we must REVERSE all of those rulings. 4 FACTS 5 Joseph and Vibiana were engaged in lengthy and contentious 6 marital dissolution proceedings in the Orange County Superior 7 Court (Case No. 04D009547). The state court entered an order of 8 dissolution several years ago and entered a final support order 9 in October 2012. Joseph appealed the state court’s final support 10 order to the California Court of Appeal, which appeal is still 11 pending (Appeal No. G048015). When Joseph filed his bankruptcy 12 case, the parties’ dispute spilled over into the bankruptcy 13 court. 14 In relevant part, Joseph opposed the chapter 7 trustee’s 15 motion for approval of a settlement and sale of estate assets 16 between the chapter 7 trustee and Vibiana, pursuant to which the 17 trustee agreed to sell to Vibiana virtually all of the estate’s 18 assets. The facts and proceedings leading up to the bankruptcy 19 court’s order granting the sale/settlement motion already have 20 been described in the Panel’s September 11, 2014 memorandum 21 decision vacating the sale/settlement order (BAP No. CC-13-1441- 22 TaPaKi). Therefore, we will limit our factual recitals in this 23 decision to the circumstances leading up to the court’s contempt, 24 sanctions, fee and expungement rulings. 25 In December 2013, after the bankruptcy court’s entry of the 26 sale/settlement order, Stewart recorded the lis pendens on behalf 27 of his client Joseph in the official records of both Orange 28 County and San Bernardino County. Stewart then emailed Vibiana’s
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1 counsel to advise him of the lis pendens and to raise the topic 2 of whether it might be time to discuss a global settlement. Upon 3 learning of the lis pendens, Vibiana’s counsel advised Stewart 4 that the recordation contravened the bankruptcy court’s 5 sale/settlement order and that, unless Joseph voluntarily 6 withdrew the lis pendens, Vibiana would seek expungement of the 7 lis pendens as well as contempt sanctions against both Joseph and 8 Stewart. 9 In February 2014, Vibiana filed her motion for expungement 10 of the lis pendens and for entry of an order to show cause why 11 Joseph and Stewart should not be held in contempt. The motion 12 was served on both Joseph and Stewart by overnight mail. Neither 13 Joseph nor Stewart have raised any issue regarding the manner in 14 which the motion was served. After reviewing the motion, the 15 bankruptcy court set a hearing date of April 2, 2014, and issued 16 an order directing Joseph and Stewart to show cause: (1) why they 17 should not be held in contempt; and (2) why the lis pendens 18 should not be ordered expunged. 19 Vibiana’s proofs of service indicate that Vibiana hired a 20 process server to serve the order to show cause personally on 21 both Joseph and Stewart. In turn, the process server left a 22 service copy of the order to show cause with a receptionist at 23 Stewart’s place of business and did the same at Joseph’s place of 24 business. 25 Neither Joseph nor Stewart filed a written response to the 26 order to show cause. At the hearing on the order to show cause, 27 no one appeared on behalf of Joseph, but an attorney by the name 28 of David Dimitruk specially appeared on behalf of Stewart and
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1 argued that the order to show cause had not been properly served 2 and, consequently, the bankruptcy court lacked personal 3 jurisdiction over Stewart. 4 The court rejected this jurisdictional argument and further 5 found that both Joseph and Stewart were in contempt of the 6 court’s sale/settlement order by virtue of the lis pendens they 7 recorded. However, the court did not immediately award any 8 contempt sanctions against Joseph and Stewart. Instead, the 9 court set a continued hearing for the purpose of ascertaining the 10 status of the contempt in roughly thirty days. The court further 11 gave Joseph and Stewart until April 9, 2014 (seven days from the 12 date of the first contempt hearing) to purge their contempt by 13 withdrawing the lis pendens, and provided that they would be 14 sanctioned $1,000 per day for every day after April 9 the lis 15 pendens remained in effect. The court reserved the issues 16 concerning Vibiana’s requests for attorney fees and for 17 expungement of the lis pendens. The court entered its order 18 finding Joseph and Stewart in contempt of court on April 18, 19 2014, and Joseph and Stewart timely appealed that order. 20 Joseph and Stewart did not purge their contempt. At the 21 continued contempt hearing held on May 13, 2014, Dimitruk once 22 again appeared, this time for both Joseph and Stewart. First, 23 the bankruptcy court rejected Joseph and Stewart’s oral request 24 that the court defer a further ruling in the contempt proceedings 25 until the Panel resolved their motion for a stay pending the 26 disposition of their appeal from the sale/settlement order. 27 Then, the court granted Vibiana’s request for an award of $3,500 28 in attorney fees she incurred in the contempt proceedings.
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1 Relying on Cal. Civil Procedure Code (“C.C.P.”) §§ 405.30, et 2 seq., the court also granted Vibiana’s request for expungement of 3 the lis pendens. In addition, the court followed through with 4 its imposition of sanctions of $1,000 per day, payable to the 5 court, for a period of 24 days (from April 10, 2014 to May 13, 6 2014). 7 On May 27, 2014, the court entered its order memorializing 8 its rulings on expungement, sanctions and fees. Joseph and 9 Stewart also timely appealed that order. 10 JURISDICTION 11 We discuss the bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction below. We 12 have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158. 13 ISSUES 14 1. Did the bankruptcy court have personal jurisdiction over 15 Joseph and Stewart? 16 2. Did the bankruptcy court have subject matter jurisdiction 17 over Vibiana’s motion? 18 3. Must we set aside the bankruptcy court’s contempt, 19 sanctions, fee and expungement rulings in light of the 20 Panel’s prior decision vacating the sale/settlement order? 21 STANDARDS OF REVIEW 22 When, as here, the facts relevant to the bankruptcy court’s 23 exercise of jurisdiction are undisputed, we review de novo 24 questions regarding personal jurisdiction and subject matter 25 jurisdiction. Sherrie Keys v. 701 Mariposa Project, LLC 26 (In re 701 Mariposa Project, LLC), 514 B.R. 10, 14 (9th Cir. BAP 27 2014); Wilshire Courtyard v. Cal. Franchise Tax Bd. 28 (In re Wilshire Courtyard), 729 F.3d 1279, 1284 (9th Cir. 2013).
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1 We review for an abuse of discretion the bankruptcy court’s 2 contempt, sanctions and fee rulings. See Nash v. Clark Cnty. 3 Dist. Atty's Office (In re Nash), 464 B.R. 874, 878 (9th Cir. BAP 4 2012). We also review for an abuse of discretion the bankruptcy 5 court's expungement order. Gonzalez v. Aurora Loan Servs. LLC 6 (In re Gonzalez), 2012 WL 603747, *5 (9th Cir. BAP Feb. 2, 2012) 7 (Mem. Dec.); Weston v. Rodriguez, 110 B.R. 452, 460 (E.D. Cal. 8 1989), aff'd, 967 F.2d 596 (9th Cir. 1992) (table). 9 The bankruptcy court abuses its discretion if its decision 10 was based on an incorrect legal rule or its factual findings were 11 illogical, implausible, or without support in the record. United 12 States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1262 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc). 13 DISCUSSION 14 We will first address Joseph and Stewart’s jurisdictional 15 arguments. Joseph and Stewart contend that the bankruptcy court 16 lacked personal jurisdiction over them. Joseph and Stewart point 17 out that Central District of California Local Bankruptcy 18 Rule 9020-1(e)(2) requires personal service of orders to show 19 cause regarding contempt “on any entity not previously subject to 20 the personal jurisdiction of the court.” According to Joseph and 21 Stewart, Vibiana’s attempt to personally serve the order to show 22 cause on both of them was defective because, under Rules 7004(a), 23 9014(b) and 9020 (making Civil Rule 4(e) applicable in contempt 24 proceedings), personal service sufficient to confer personal 25 jurisdiction over them could not be accomplished by merely 26 leaving a copy of the order to show cause with their 27 receptionists. 28 However, Joseph and Stewart’s personal jurisdiction argument
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1 incorrectly assumes that they were not already subject to the 2 bankruptcy court’s personal jurisdiction. In contested matters, 3 the bankruptcy court typically obtains personal jurisdiction over 4 the respondents when the motion is served upon the respondents in 5 accordance with Rules 9014(b) and 7004. See In re 701 Mariposa 6 Project, LLC, 514 B.R. at 16. Here, the record reflects that 7 Vibiana served her contempt motion on both Joseph and Stewart by 8 overnight mail at their usual places of business in accordance 9 with Rules 9014(b) and 7004(b)(1). When the governing procedural 10 rule (in this case, Rule 7004(b)(1)) permits service by mail, 11 service by overnight mail falls within the scope of the rule. 12 See Lyons P'ship, L.P. v. D & L Amusement & Entm't, 702 F.Supp.2d 13 104, 112 & n.2 (E.D.N.Y. 2010). Moreover, Joseph and Stewart 14 never have raised any issue regarding service of the motion. 15 Therefore, for purposes of the contempt proceedings, the 16 bankruptcy court already had personal jurisdiction over both 17 Joseph and Stewart at the time of service of the order to show 18 cause; there was no need for the bankruptcy court to obtain 19 personal jurisdiction over them a second time when the order to 20 show cause was served. 21 Joseph and Stewart alternately contend that the bankruptcy 22 court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. We disagree. Up until 23 the time the trustee sold the estate’s assets to Vibiana, those 24 assets were property of the estate, and the trustee’s 25 sale/settlement motion covering those assets was a core 26 bankruptcy proceeding over which the bankruptcy court duly 27 exercised jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(A) and (N); 28 see also 28 U.S.C. § 1334(e) (stating that federal court has
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1 exclusive jurisdiction over estate property); Teel v. Teel 2 (In re Teel), 34 B.R. 762, 763–64 (9th Cir. BAP 1983) (same). 3 After the sale, the bankruptcy court continued to have 4 ancillary jurisdiction to interpret and enforce the 5 sale/settlement order. See Travelers Indem. Co. v. Bailey, 6 557 U.S. 137, 151 (2009). As the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals 7 has explained, bankruptcy courts have ancillary jurisdiction “to 8 secure or preserve the fruits and advantages of a judgment or 9 decree” it previously entered. In re Wilshire Courtyard, 10 729 F.3d at 1290 (citing Local Loan Co. v. Hunt, 292 U.S. 234, 11 239 (1934)). 12 Joseph and Stewart nonetheless maintain that the bankruptcy 13 court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to expunge the lis 14 pendens because only “the court in which the action is pending” 15 has authority to expunge a lis pendens under C.C.P. § 405.30. 16 The “pending action” on which Joseph and Stewart based their lis 17 pendens was the dissolution proceedings. Thus, they make a 18 credible argument that any request to expunge under C.C.P. 19 § 405.30 should have been brought in the state court that 20 presided over the dissolution proceedings. See Formula Inc. v. 21 Super. Ct., 168 Cal.App.4th 1455, 1464 (2008). 22 Even so, C.C.P. § 405.30 is not the exclusive remedy for an 23 improperly filed lis pendens. Other California and federal 24 authority arguably would have permitted the bankruptcy court to 25 set aside the lis pendens. See Formula Inc., 168 Cal.App.4th at 26 1465 (citing Ward v. Super. Ct., 55 Cal.App.4th 60, 66–67 27 (1997)); see also § 105(a) (permitting bankruptcy courts to enter 28 appropriate orders to carry out the provisions of the Bankruptcy
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1 Code). 2 In any event, for jurisdictional purposes, we need not 3 decide whether the bankruptcy court erred when it expunged the 4 lis pendens. It suffices for us to say that Joseph and Stewart’s 5 argument regarding the bankruptcy court’s lack of authority under 6 C.C.P. § 405.30 does not implicate or alter the bankruptcy 7 court’s subject matter jurisdiction under the ancillary 8 jurisdiction doctrine to interpret and enforce its prior 9 sale/settlement order, which is precisely what the bankruptcy 10 court was doing when it ordered the lis pendens expunged. Simply 11 put, the bankruptcy court had ancillary jurisdiction over the 12 subject matter of Vibiana’s motion regardless of whether the 13 court had authority under C.C.P. § 405.30 to expunge the lis 14 pendens. 15 Having dispensed with Joseph and Stewart’s jurisdictional 16 arguments, the only other issue we need to address is the effect 17 of the Panel’s prior decision disposing of the appeal from the 18 sale/settlement order. It is well established in the Ninth 19 Circuit that a civil contempt ruling does not survive when an 20 appellate court has set aside the underlying judgment or order on 21 which the civil contempt ruling was based. See, e.g., World Wide 22 Rush, LLC v. City of Los Angeles, 606 F.3d 676, 689 (9th Cir. 23 2010); Kirkland v. Legion Ins. Co., 343 F.3d 1135, 1142-43 (9th 24 Cir. 2003); Scott & Fetzer Co. v. Dile, 643 F.2d 670, 675 (9th 25 Cir. 1981). 26 It makes no difference that the bankruptcy court here 27 awarded both attorney fees and coercive contempt sanctions. The 28 Ninth Circuit has explicitly held that both compensatory and
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1 coercive contempt sanctions are civil in nature, and both must be 2 set aside when the underlying order or judgment has been set 3 aside. Scott & Fetzer Co., 643 F.2d at 675. Nor can we let 4 stand the bankruptcy court’s expungement ruling. The Panel’s 5 prior decision vacating the sale/settlement order is the law of 6 the case. The expungement ruling patently hinged on the efficacy 7 of the sale/settlement order. Therefore, now that the 8 sale/settlement order has been set aside, law of the case 9 principles do not permit us to let stand the bankruptcy court’s 10 expungement ruling. See Two Lontsmon Magnolia, LLC v. 11 Papanicolaou (In re Papanicolaou), 2005 WL 7142136, at *1 (9th 12 Cir. BAP Feb. 16, 2005) (Mem. Dec.) (holding that, under law of 13 the case doctrine, panel was compelled to reverse orders awarding 14 prevailing party attorney fees when prior panel had reversed 15 underlying bankruptcy court judgment on which fee awards had been 16 based); see also Am. Express Travel Related Servs. Co. v. 17 Fraschilla (In re Fraschilla), 235 B.R. 449, 454 (9th Cir. BAP 18 1999), aff'd, 242 F.3d 381 (9th Cir. 2000) (table) (generally 19 explaining law of the case doctrine). 20 Vibiana argues that we are not obliged to overturn the 21 bankruptcy court’s contempt rulings just because the panel 22 vacated the underlying sale/settlement order. We disagree. The 23 Ninth Circuit decisions we cited above are controlling and 24 mandate this result. See World Wide Rush, LLC, 606 F.3d at 689; 25 Kirkland, 343 F.3d at 1142-43; Scott & Fetzer Co., 643 F.2d at 26 675. The cases Vibiana relies on are inapposite. See, e.g., 27 Maness v. Meyers, 419 U.S. 449, 454 (1975); Chapman v. Pac. Tel. 28 & Tel. Co., 613 F.2d 193, 195 (9th Cir. 1979). They are criminal
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1 contempt cases, and criminal contempt sanctions (unlike civil 2 contempt sanctions) can and do survive the reversal of the 3 underlying order. See ePlus, Inc. v. Lawson Software, Inc., 4 760 F.3d 1350, 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2014). 5 Vibiana alternately argues that Joseph and Stewart forfeited 6 this argument because they did not raise it first in the 7 bankruptcy court. But the Ninth Circuit cases we cited above 8 simply do not require the prevailing party to raise first in the 9 trial court the court of appeals’ reversal of the underlying 10 order. Therefore, we reject Vibiana’s forfeiture argument. 11 CONCLUSION 12 While Joseph and Stewart’s current appeals raise a number of 13 other issues regarding the correctness of the bankruptcy court’s 14 sanctions and expungement rulings, it is not necessary for us to 15 reach any of those issues. For the reasons set forth above, we 16 REVERSE the bankruptcy court’s contempt, sanctions, fee and 17 expungement rulings. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26